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[[Image:Henrietta Renard.jpeg|250px|thumb|Henriette Rénard]]
[[Image:Henrietta Renard.jpeg|250px|thumb|Henriette Rénard]]
'''Henriette Rénard''' (b. about 1685 - d. after 6 June 1720), was a mistress of [[Augustus the Strong]], King of Poland and Elector of Saxony.
'''Ana Katharina (Henriette) Rénard''' (d. 26 May 1721 or 1722<ref>According to the accounting book of Jan Baptiste Rénard.</ref>), was a mistress of [[Augustus the Strong]], King of Poland and Elector of Saxony.


== Biography ==
== Life ==
She was the daughter of André Rénard, a wine merchant from [[Lyon]], and an unknown mother who was perhaps the sister of [[Henri Duval]]. This may explain why some sources call her ''Henriette Rénard-Duval.'' She had two brothers: [[Jan Baptysta Rénard|Jan Baptiste]] and [[Benedykt Rénard|Benedict]].


===Family===
In 1706, she met August the Strong in [[Warsaw]], when her father had a saloon. Most historians agree that at first, Henriette did not know her lover's true identity.


Anna Katharina, mostly known in sources as ''Henriette'', was a member of the Rénard family, from French origin but established in Warsaw probably from Hamburg, where they are involved in trade.<ref>There are theories who supposed that the Rénard family was from Jewish origins, or came from Warsaw from Gdańsk. P. Smykała, R. Kubik R.: ''Ród Renardów...'', Strzelec Opolski, 2009-11-24.</ref> Her father Andreas Rénard, appears in documents from 1693 and 1698 as a merchant. His wife was probably Theresa von Waldstein, but some historians believe that in fact she was the Andreas' daughter-in-law. Henriette had certainly two brothers: [[Jan Baptysta Rénard|Jan Baptiste]], who was a Colonel in the Saxon army and [[Benedykt Rénard|Benedict]], who was an architect.<ref name="Smykała">P. Smykała, R. Kubik R.: ''Ród Renardów...'', Strzelec Opolski, 2009-11-24.</ref>
On 26 November 1707, she gave birth to Augustus' daughter, called [[Anna Orzelska|Anna Karolina]]. Soon after, Henriette married [[François Drian]]. When he died, she married [[Claude Henri Morel]].


===Relationship with Augustus II the Strong===
During the first sixteen years of Anna Karolina's life, she lived with Henriette in complete obscurity without her father's recognition or support. Nevertheless, in 1723, August finally met her and, on 19 September 1724, recognized her as his daughter, creating her ''Countess Orzelska.'' Apparently, Henriette never saw her daughter again after this.


At the end of 1701 or 1706<ref>Autumn of 1701 is considered as the date for the start of the affair between Henriette and Augustus II (J. Bartoszewicz: ''Znakomici mężowie polscy w XVIII wieku'', Petersburg 1856, p. 270); however, if the date of birth of Countess Orzelska is placed in 1707, the relationship must to be started later ([http://swiadectwo1.republika.pl/orzelska.html ''Hrabina Anna Orzelska''] [retrieved 6 January 2015]).</ref> Henriette met [[Augustus II the Strong]], Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. According to [[Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz]] in his work ''La Saxe galante'', she drew the attention of the Elector-King with her extremely beauty, and soon became in his mistress.<ref>K. L. von Pöllnitz: ''Ogień pałającej miłości'', Warsaw 1973, s. 151–154, gives the exact circumstances about the beggining of the affair between Augustus II and Henriette, which von Pöllnitz mistakenly called ''Duval''.</ref> In the summer of 1702 or 26 November 1707,<ref>July or August 1702 was established as the birth date of the Countess Orzelska (J. Bartoszewicz: ''Znakomici mężowie polscy w XVIII wieku'', Petersburg 1856, p. 277); the birth date pf 26 November 1707 given by German historians was cited without primary sources. See: S. Szenic: ''Królewskie kariery warszawianek'', Warsaw 1959, p. 58.</ref> Henriette gave birth to Augustus II's daughter, named [[Anna Orzelska|Anna Karolina or Anna Katharina]]. According to von Pöllnitz, the reason of the separation between them was the jealousy of the official royal mistress, [[Anna Constantia von Brockdorff|Countess Anna Constantia of Cosel]].<ref>K. L. von Pöllnitz: ''Ogień pałającej miłości'', Warsaw 1973, p. 161. The information about the jealousy of the Countess of Cosel must is rejected by historians from a chronological point of view, if the birth date of Anna Karolina Orzelska is placed in 1702. See: S. Szenic: ''Królewskie kariery warszawianek'', Warsaw 1959, p. 58.</ref> Henriette's affair with Augustus II allowed her family to gain titles and estates in Poland.<ref name="Smykała"/>
The circumstances of her later life and death are unknown.

===Later Years===
During the relationship with Augustus II the Strong Henriette was probably already married with [[François Drian]],<ref name="Szenic">S. Szenic: ''Królewskie kariery warszawianek'', Warsaw 1959, p. 59.</ref> wine trader from Warsaw, who died before 1716, probably during the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] epidemic of 1708-1712.<ref>According to a theory of Stanisław Szenic. S. Szenic: ''Królewskie kariery warszawianek'', Warsaw 1959, p. 60.</ref>

In 1716 Henriette remarried; her second husband was [[Claude Henri de Morel de Carriéres]], who since 1705 was a Colonel in the army of [[Francis II Rákóczi]], [[List of rulers of Transylvania|Prince of Transylvania]].<ref>Diploma appointment of C. Henry Morel de Carrieres as Colonel by Francis II Rákóczi, 1705.</ref> After his marriage with the King's former mistress, Claude received from Augustus II the position of Supervisor of the bathrooms at [[Ujazdów Park]], who belonged to the [[House of Lubomirski]].<ref name="Szenic"/> Claude died certainly before 6 June 1720, because that day Henriette (as a widow) and her brothers were raised to the ranks of polish Barons.<ref name="Smykała"/>

Henriette died on 26 May 1721 or 1722 and was buried three days later in [[St. John's Archcathedral (Warsaw)|St. John's Archcathedral]] at the great altar from the sacristy.<ref>[http://users.uj.edu.pl/~zgorniak/publikacje/RENARD.pdf M. Zgórniak: ''BENEDYKT RENARD – ARCHITEKT POLSKI XVIII W''] [retrieved 6 January 2015].</ref>

On 19 September 1724 Anna Karolina, Henriette's daughter, was formally recognized by Augustus II and received the title of Countess Orzelska.<ref>S. Szenic: ''Królewskie kariery warszawianek'', Warsaw 1959, pp. 64-66.</ref> On 30 August 1730 she married with [[Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck|Prince Charles Louis of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck]], and divorced three years later.<ref name="Smykała"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Renard, Henriette}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Renard, Henriette}}
[[Category:Mistresses of Polish royalty]]
[[Category:Mistresses of Polish royalty]]
[[Category:1685 births]]
[[Category:1720s death]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:18th-century deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century deaths]]

Revision as of 04:53, 7 February 2015

Henriette Rénard

Ana Katharina (Henriette) Rénard (d. 26 May 1721 or 1722[1]), was a mistress of Augustus the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony.

Life

Family

Anna Katharina, mostly known in sources as Henriette, was a member of the Rénard family, from French origin but established in Warsaw probably from Hamburg, where they are involved in trade.[2] Her father Andreas Rénard, appears in documents from 1693 and 1698 as a merchant. His wife was probably Theresa von Waldstein, but some historians believe that in fact she was the Andreas' daughter-in-law. Henriette had certainly two brothers: Jan Baptiste, who was a Colonel in the Saxon army and Benedict, who was an architect.[3]

Relationship with Augustus II the Strong

At the end of 1701 or 1706[4] Henriette met Augustus II the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. According to Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz in his work La Saxe galante, she drew the attention of the Elector-King with her extremely beauty, and soon became in his mistress.[5] In the summer of 1702 or 26 November 1707,[6] Henriette gave birth to Augustus II's daughter, named Anna Karolina or Anna Katharina. According to von Pöllnitz, the reason of the separation between them was the jealousy of the official royal mistress, Countess Anna Constantia of Cosel.[7] Henriette's affair with Augustus II allowed her family to gain titles and estates in Poland.[3]

Later Years

During the relationship with Augustus II the Strong Henriette was probably already married with François Drian,[8] wine trader from Warsaw, who died before 1716, probably during the plague epidemic of 1708-1712.[9]

In 1716 Henriette remarried; her second husband was Claude Henri de Morel de Carriéres, who since 1705 was a Colonel in the army of Francis II Rákóczi, Prince of Transylvania.[10] After his marriage with the King's former mistress, Claude received from Augustus II the position of Supervisor of the bathrooms at Ujazdów Park, who belonged to the House of Lubomirski.[8] Claude died certainly before 6 June 1720, because that day Henriette (as a widow) and her brothers were raised to the ranks of polish Barons.[3]

Henriette died on 26 May 1721 or 1722 and was buried three days later in St. John's Archcathedral at the great altar from the sacristy.[11]

On 19 September 1724 Anna Karolina, Henriette's daughter, was formally recognized by Augustus II and received the title of Countess Orzelska.[12] On 30 August 1730 she married with Prince Charles Louis of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, and divorced three years later.[3]

References

  1. ^ According to the accounting book of Jan Baptiste Rénard.
  2. ^ There are theories who supposed that the Rénard family was from Jewish origins, or came from Warsaw from Gdańsk. P. Smykała, R. Kubik R.: Ród Renardów..., Strzelec Opolski, 2009-11-24.
  3. ^ a b c d P. Smykała, R. Kubik R.: Ród Renardów..., Strzelec Opolski, 2009-11-24.
  4. ^ Autumn of 1701 is considered as the date for the start of the affair between Henriette and Augustus II (J. Bartoszewicz: Znakomici mężowie polscy w XVIII wieku, Petersburg 1856, p. 270); however, if the date of birth of Countess Orzelska is placed in 1707, the relationship must to be started later (Hrabina Anna Orzelska [retrieved 6 January 2015]).
  5. ^ K. L. von Pöllnitz: Ogień pałającej miłości, Warsaw 1973, s. 151–154, gives the exact circumstances about the beggining of the affair between Augustus II and Henriette, which von Pöllnitz mistakenly called Duval.
  6. ^ July or August 1702 was established as the birth date of the Countess Orzelska (J. Bartoszewicz: Znakomici mężowie polscy w XVIII wieku, Petersburg 1856, p. 277); the birth date pf 26 November 1707 given by German historians was cited without primary sources. See: S. Szenic: Królewskie kariery warszawianek, Warsaw 1959, p. 58.
  7. ^ K. L. von Pöllnitz: Ogień pałającej miłości, Warsaw 1973, p. 161. The information about the jealousy of the Countess of Cosel must is rejected by historians from a chronological point of view, if the birth date of Anna Karolina Orzelska is placed in 1702. See: S. Szenic: Królewskie kariery warszawianek, Warsaw 1959, p. 58.
  8. ^ a b S. Szenic: Królewskie kariery warszawianek, Warsaw 1959, p. 59.
  9. ^ According to a theory of Stanisław Szenic. S. Szenic: Królewskie kariery warszawianek, Warsaw 1959, p. 60.
  10. ^ Diploma appointment of C. Henry Morel de Carrieres as Colonel by Francis II Rákóczi, 1705.
  11. ^ M. Zgórniak: BENEDYKT RENARD – ARCHITEKT POLSKI XVIII W [retrieved 6 January 2015].
  12. ^ S. Szenic: Królewskie kariery warszawianek, Warsaw 1959, pp. 64-66.
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