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[[File:Biserica Sf. Andrei din Burdujeni.jpg|thumb|Church of Saint Andrew in the [[Burdujeni]] neighborhood of [[Suceava]] (completed 1997)]]
[[File:Biserica Sf. Andrei din Burdujeni.jpg|thumb|Church of Saint Andrew in the Burdujeni neighborhood of [[Suceava]] (completed 1997)]]
[[File:Biserica Sf.Andrei , jud. Constanta.jpg|thumb|Church of Saint Andrew in [[Ion Corvin, Constanța]] (completed 2002)]]
[[File:Biserica Sf.Andrei , jud. Constanta.jpg|thumb|Church of Saint Andrew in [[Ion Corvin, Constanța]] (completed 2002)]]
The story of '''Saint Andrew in Romania''' tells that today's territory of [[Romania]] was Christianized by [[Saint Andrew]] in the 1st century AD. These claims are backed by several historians mentioned below and by several Christian artifacts discovered and dated to the third century BC.<ref name="Teologia1">Teologia, p.52</ref><ref name="Teologia2">Scriitori teologi în Scytia Minor</ref>
The story of '''Saint Andrew in Romania''' tells that today's territory of [[Romania]] was Christianized by [[Saint Andrew]] in the 1st century AD. These claims are backed by some historians and by several Christian artifacts discovered and dated to the third century BC.<ref name="Teologia1">Teologia, p.52</ref><ref name="Teologia2">Scriitori teologi în Scytia Minor</ref>


The story is based on references by 3rd century writer [[Hippolytus of Rome]] in "On Apostles", mentioning Saint Andrew's voyage to [[Scythia]] and on works by several authors which also mention the voyage, such as: Eusebius in the Chronicles of Eusebius,<ref name="Eusebiu1">The Library of Eusebius of Caesarea, p234</ref> Origen in the third book of his Commentaries on the Genesis (254 C.E.), Usaard in his Martyrdom written between 845-865, Jacobus de Voragine in Golden Legend (c. 1260). Scythia generally refers to a land in what is now Romania (Scythia Minor), Ukraine and southern Russia.
The story is based on references by 3rd century writer [[Hippolytus of Rome]] in "On Apostles", mentioning Saint Andrew's voyage to [[Scythia]] and on works by several authors which also mention the voyage, such as: Eusebius in the Chronicles of Eusebius,<ref name="Eusebiu1">The Library of Eusebius of Caesarea, p234</ref> Origen in the third book of his Commentaries on the Genesis (254 C.E.), Usaard in his Martyrdom written between 845-865, and Jacobus de Voragine in the ''Golden Legend'' (c. 1260). Scythia generally refers to a land in what is now Romania (Scythia Minor), Ukraine and southern Russia.


==The Story==
==The Story==
According to historian [[Alexandru Barnea]] a tale started to circulate in the first half of the 20th century.<ref name="Dogar58">Dogar, p.58</ref> It tells the story of Saint Andrew's arrival in Dobruja during a harsh winter, fighting wild beasts and the blizzard before reaching a cave. At the cave, Saint Andrew hit the ground with his [[walking stick]] and a spring came in to being, in the waters of which he baptized the locals and cured the ill, thus converting the whole area to Christianity.<ref name="Dogar58"/> This tale seems to be heavily based on the Chronicles of Eusebius, but more research needs to be done in order to confirm such details.
Historian Alexandru Barnea states that a tale started to circulate in the first half of the 20th century.<ref name="Dogar58">Dogar, p.58</ref> It tells the story of Saint Andrew's arrival in Dobruja during a harsh winter, fighting wild beasts and the blizzard before reaching a cave. At the cave, Saint Andrew hit the ground with his [[walking stick]] and a spring came in to being, in the waters of which he baptized the locals and cured the ill, thus converting the whole area to Christianity.<ref name="Dogar58"/> This tale seems to be heavily based on the Chronicles of Eusebius, but more research needs to be done in order to confirm such details.


==Saint Andrew's Cave==
==Saint Andrew's Cave==
According to New World Encyclopedia<ref name="Encycl1">New World Encyclopedia</ref> which quotes Hippolyte of Antioch, (died c. 250 C.E.) in his On Apostles, Origen in the third book of his Commentaries on the Genesis (254 C.E.), Eusebius of Caesarea in his Church History (340 C.E.), and other different sources, like the Usaard's Martyrdom written between 845-865, Jacobus de Voragine in Golden Legend (c. 1260), Saint Andrew preached in Scythia Minor. There are toponyms and numerous very old traditions (like carols) related to Saint Andrew, many of them having probably a pre-Christian substratum.<ref name="Colind1">The Carol of St. Andrew</ref><ref name="Teodor1">Tudor Pamfile – Sărbătorile la români</ref><ref name="Rigo1">Gr. Grigoriu-Rigo, Medicina I</ref> In Dobruja, a cave where he supposedly preached, is called "Saint Andrew's Cave" and advertised as a pilgrimage site.
According to Hippolyte of Antioch, (died c. 250 C.E.) in his On Apostles, Origen, in the third book of his Commentaries on the Genesis (254 C.E.), Eusebius of Caesarea in his Church History (340 C.E.), and other sources, like the Usaard's Martyrdom written between 845-865, and Jacobus de Voragine in Golden Legend (c. 1260), Saint Andrew preached in Scythia Minor. St. Philip may have also preached in the area.<ref name=Parry>[http://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA186&dq=Saint+Andrew+in+Romania&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Gc54VIS0A_SNsQThkYDwDw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q=Saint%20Andrew%20in%20Romania&f=false Parry, Ken. "Romanian Christianity", ''The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity'', John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 9781444333619]</ref> There are toponyms and numerous very old traditions (like carols) related to Saint Andrew, many of them having probably a pre-Christian substratum.<ref name="Colind1">The Carol of St. Andrew</ref><ref name="Teodor1">Tudor Pamfile – Sărbătorile la români</ref><ref name="Rigo1">Gr. Grigoriu-Rigo, Medicina I</ref> In Dobruja, a cave where he supposedly preached, is called "Saint Andrew's Cave" and advertised as a pilgrimage site.

According to Radu Cinpoes, there is no clear evidence concerning missionary work on the part of St. Andrew near Dobruja.<ref name=Rdau>[http://books.google.com/books?id=cQQCAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT110&dq=Saint+Andrew+in+Romania&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_8J4VLlqyeSwBL2igMgN&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Saint%20Andrew%20in%20Romania&f=false Cinpoes, Radu. ''Nationalism and Identity in Romania'', p.98, I.B.Tauris, 2010, ISBN 9780857720306]</ref>


==Patron saint of Romania==
==Patron saint of Romania==
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* Pr. Prof. Dr. Ion G. Coman, Scriitori teologi în Scytia Minor «De la Dunare la Mare» . Ed. Episcopiei Tomisului si Dunarii de Jos, Galati, 1979, no 72
* Pr. Prof. Dr. Ion G. Coman, Scriitori teologi în Scytia Minor «De la Dunare la Mare» . Ed. Episcopiei Tomisului si Dunarii de Jos, Galati, 1979, no 72
* Andrew James Carriker, The Chronicles of Eusebius of Caesarea, 2003, ISSN 0920-623X
* Andrew James Carriker, The Chronicles of Eusebius of Caesarea, 2003, ISSN 0920-623X
* New World Encyclopedia - http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Saint_Andrew#Romanian_tradition
* The Carol of St. Andrew - http://www.ortodoxmedia.com/inregistrare/750/Colindul-Sf-Andrei
* The Carol of St. Andrew - http://www.ortodoxmedia.com/inregistrare/750/Colindul-Sf-Andrei
* Tudor Pamfile – Sărbătorile la români - studiu etnografic
* Tudor Pamfile – Sărbătorile la români - studiu etnografic

Revision as of 19:46, 28 November 2014

Church of Saint Andrew in the Burdujeni neighborhood of Suceava (completed 1997)
Church of Saint Andrew in Ion Corvin, Constanța (completed 2002)

The story of Saint Andrew in Romania tells that today's territory of Romania was Christianized by Saint Andrew in the 1st century AD. These claims are backed by some historians and by several Christian artifacts discovered and dated to the third century BC.[1][2]

The story is based on references by 3rd century writer Hippolytus of Rome in "On Apostles", mentioning Saint Andrew's voyage to Scythia and on works by several authors which also mention the voyage, such as: Eusebius in the Chronicles of Eusebius,[3] Origen in the third book of his Commentaries on the Genesis (254 C.E.), Usaard in his Martyrdom written between 845-865, and Jacobus de Voragine in the Golden Legend (c. 1260). Scythia generally refers to a land in what is now Romania (Scythia Minor), Ukraine and southern Russia.

The Story

Historian Alexandru Barnea states that a tale started to circulate in the first half of the 20th century.[4] It tells the story of Saint Andrew's arrival in Dobruja during a harsh winter, fighting wild beasts and the blizzard before reaching a cave. At the cave, Saint Andrew hit the ground with his walking stick and a spring came in to being, in the waters of which he baptized the locals and cured the ill, thus converting the whole area to Christianity.[4] This tale seems to be heavily based on the Chronicles of Eusebius, but more research needs to be done in order to confirm such details.

Saint Andrew's Cave

According to Hippolyte of Antioch, (died c. 250 C.E.) in his On Apostles, Origen, in the third book of his Commentaries on the Genesis (254 C.E.), Eusebius of Caesarea in his Church History (340 C.E.), and other sources, like the Usaard's Martyrdom written between 845-865, and Jacobus de Voragine in Golden Legend (c. 1260), Saint Andrew preached in Scythia Minor. St. Philip may have also preached in the area.[5] There are toponyms and numerous very old traditions (like carols) related to Saint Andrew, many of them having probably a pre-Christian substratum.[6][7][8] In Dobruja, a cave where he supposedly preached, is called "Saint Andrew's Cave" and advertised as a pilgrimage site.

According to Radu Cinpoes, there is no clear evidence concerning missionary work on the part of St. Andrew near Dobruja.[9]

Patron saint of Romania

In 1994, Saint Andrew was named the patron saint of Dobruja, in 1997 the patron saint of Romania, while in 2012, November 30 became a public holiday.[4]

Notes

  1. ^ Teologia, p.52
  2. ^ Scriitori teologi în Scytia Minor
  3. ^ The Library of Eusebius of Caesarea, p234
  4. ^ a b c Dogar, p.58
  5. ^ Parry, Ken. "Romanian Christianity", The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, ISBN 9781444333619
  6. ^ The Carol of St. Andrew
  7. ^ Tudor Pamfile – Sărbătorile la români
  8. ^ Gr. Grigoriu-Rigo, Medicina I
  9. ^ Cinpoes, Radu. Nationalism and Identity in Romania, p.98, I.B.Tauris, 2010, ISBN 9780857720306

References

  • Andreea Dogar, "Apostolul Andrei: Ne-a creștinat sau nu Cel Dintâi Chemat?", in National Geographic România, nr. 116, December 2012, p. 54-71
  • Nicodim Nicolaescu, Teologia - year XVI, no. 4 (53), 2012
  • Pr. Prof. Dr. Ion G. Coman, Scriitori teologi în Scytia Minor «De la Dunare la Mare» . Ed. Episcopiei Tomisului si Dunarii de Jos, Galati, 1979, no 72
  • Andrew James Carriker, The Chronicles of Eusebius of Caesarea, 2003, ISSN 0920-623X
  • The Carol of St. Andrew - http://www.ortodoxmedia.com/inregistrare/750/Colindul-Sf-Andrei
  • Tudor Pamfile – Sărbătorile la români - studiu etnografic
  • Gr. Grigoriu-Rigo, Medicina I
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