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1877: [[Eudora Clark Atkinson]] is the first woman superintendent of the first women's state reformatory in the United States. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/women/timeline?tocId=9404138&section=249215</reF>
1877: [[Eudora Clark Atkinson]] is the first woman superintendent of the first women's state reformatory in the United States. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/women/timeline?tocId=9404138&section=249215</reF>

1877: [[Mother Jones]], born in Ireland, helps lead the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, railroad strike. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/women/article-9043941</ref> <ref>http://www.britannica.com/women/timeline?tocId=9404138&section=249215</reF>

1879: [[Mary Baker Eddy]] heads the newly created First Church of Christ, Scientist. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/women/timeline?tocId=9404138&section=249215</ref>

circa 1880: [[Paiute]] Indian leader [[Sarah Winnemucca]] protests conditions on Indian reservations. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/women/timeline?tocId=9404138&section=249215</ref>

1881: In the United States the Indian Treaty-Keeping and Protective Association (later Women's National Indian Association) is founded by [[Mary Lucinda Bonney]] and [[Amelia Stone Quinton]]. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/women/timeline?tocId=9404138&section=249215</ref>

1881: [[Clara Barton]] establishes the American branch of the [[Red Cross]] and becomes its first president. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/women/timeline?tocId=9404138&section=249215</ref>

1881: [[Helen Hunt Jackson]] publishes ''[[A Century of Dishonor]]'', a profound condemnation of the treatment of Native Americans by the United States. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/women/timeline?tocId=9404138&section=249215</ref>





1905: [[May Sutton]] is the first American woman to win [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Conner|first=Floyd|year=2002|title=Tennis's most wanted: the top 10 book of baseline blunders, clay court wonders, and lucky lobs|publisher=Potomac books|isbn=978-1574883633}}</ref>
1905: [[May Sutton]] is the first American woman to win [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Conner|first=Floyd|year=2002|title=Tennis's most wanted: the top 10 book of baseline blunders, clay court wonders, and lucky lobs|publisher=Potomac books|isbn=978-1574883633}}</ref>

Revision as of 18:00, 22 February 2014

This is a timeline of women in the history of America.

Timeline

1607: Pocahontas saves Jamestown colonist Captain John Smith from execution by Algonquian Chief Powhatan. [1]

1637: Anne Hutchinson is expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for “traducing the ministers” of that Puritan colony. She and other religious dissenters found Rhode Island. [2]

1648: Margaret Brent, one of the largest landowners in Maryland, asks the Maryland Assembly for two votes, one for herself and another as Leonard Calvert's administrator and Lord Baltimore's attorney. Her request is denied.

1650: The American Anne Bradstreet's first volume of poems, The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, is published in London. [3]

1660: Mary Barrett Dyer is executed in Boston for her Quaker proselytizing. [4]

1682: The American Mary Rowlandson publishes A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, describing her capture by Narragansett warriors and three months of captivity. [5]

1692: The Salem witch trials condemn 19 to die; most of the accused and the accusers are women. [6]

1741: Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney introduces indigo cultivation in South Carolina; by 1742 she has a successful crop. [7]

1756: Lydia Taft is the first woman to vote legally in Colonial America.[8]

1770: Phillis Wheatley, the first African American woman poet of note in the United States, publishes her first poem, An Elegiac Poem, on the Death of the Celebrated Divine George Whitefield. [9]

1774: Joining many other colonial women boycotting British goods, 51 women in Edenton, North Carolina, sign a petition endorsing the Nonimportation Association resolves. [10]

1776: Ann Lee founds the parent Shaker settlement in America in the woods of Niskeyuna, New York. [11]

1778: On June 28, Mary McCauly (“Molly Pitcher”), wife of an American gunner, brings water to the troops at the Battle of Monmouth Court House in New Jersey. Legend claims that she takes her husband's place after he collapses. [12]

1782: Deborah Sampson, disguised as a man, enlists in the 4th Massachusetts Regiment as Robert Shurtleff. She is one of many women who fight in the American Revolution.

1793: Hannah Slater receives the first U.S. patent granted to a woman, for a type of cotton thread. Her invention helps her husband build a successful textile business. [13]

1795: Anne Parrish founds the House of Industry, which provides employment to poor women. It is the first American charitable organization operated by women for women. [14]

1800: The United States logs the highest birth rate in the world, 7.04 children per woman. [15]

1804: Native American Sacagawea, whose husband is a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, serves as a guide and interpreter for the group. [16]

1805: Mercy Otis Warren publishes her influential History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution, drawing in part on personal knowledge of the prominent figures of the time. [17]

1807: New Jersey revokes the right of women to vote, a right they had been granted since the adoption of the constitution of New Jersey in 1776. [18]

1821: Emma Willard founds the Troy Female Seminary in New York; it is the first school in the country founded to provide young women with an education comparable to that of college-educated young men.[19][20]

1826: The first public high schools for girls open in New York and Boston.[21]

1833: Lydia Maria Child publishes An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans, arguing for the abolition of slavery. [22]

1833: Oberlin College in Ohio opens as the first co-educational college in America.[21]

1834: In Lowell, Massachusetts, women mill workers stage a successful strike to reverse a 25 percent cut in their pay. [23]

1837: The first Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women is held in New York City. [24]

1838: Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts opens as the first college for women in America.[21]

1840: Female delegates are refused admittance to the World's Anti-Slavery Convention in London. This event leads the Americans Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to call the first women's rights convention. [25]

1843: The reports of American Dorothea Dix to the Massachusetts legislature about the conditions in prisons for the insane lead to reform. [26]

1848: The Seneca Falls Convention, an early and influential women's rights convention, is held in Seneca Falls, New York.[27]

1849: Elizabeth Blackwell is the first woman to earn a medical degree in America.[21]

1849: Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery in Maryland to Philadelphia. By the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, Tubman will have returned to the South some 19 times and rescued upward of 300 other slaves. [28]

1851: African-American evangelist and reformer Sojourner Truth gives her famous speech in defense of the rights of black women, “Ain't I a Woman?” [29]

1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin, one of the most important antislavery novels in America; it sells 300,000 copies in the first year. [30]

1853: Antoinette Brown Blackwell becomes a Congregational minister and is the first woman ordained by a recognized denomination in the United States. [31]

1860: Elizabeth Palmer Peabody founds the first English-language kindergarten in the United States. [32]

1863: Mary Walker becomes a surgeon for the Union army in the American Civil War. In 1865 she receives a Congressional Medal of Honor. It is revoked shortly before her death and then reawarded posthumously. [33]

1865: Sarah Edmonds, born in Canada, publishes her autobiography, Nurse and Spy in the Union Army, describing her undercover work in the American Civil War disguised as a man named Frank Thompson.[34] [35]

1866: Mary Walker is the first woman in America to be a recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor.[36]

1866: Lucy Hobbs Taylor is the first woman in America to graduate from dental school.[37]

1869: Arabella Mansfield passes the bar examination, thus becoming the first female lawyer in America.[38]

1869: Wyoming is the first state to give women the right to vote.[39]

1869: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony found the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA). [40]

1869: Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell help found the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). [41]

1870: Louisa Ann Swain is the first woman in the United States to vote in a general election. She cast her ballot on September 6, 1870, in Laramie, Wyoming.[42][43]

1870: The first all-female jury in America is sworn in March 7, 1870 in Laramie, Wyoming.[39]

1870: Ada Kepley is the first woman to graduate from law school in America.[44]

1872: Victoria Woodhull is the first woman to run for United States President.[45]

1872: Charlotte E. Ray, the first African-American woman lawyer, becomes the first woman admitted to the bar in the District of Columbia. [46]

1872: Susan B. Anthony leads 15 women to vote in Rochester, New York. She is arrested two weeks later. [47]

1874: The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is founded. [48]

1874: Mary Ewing Outerbridge, from Staten Island, introduces tennis to America, creating the first American tennis court at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club.[49]

1876: Louise Blanchard Bethune is the first woman to work as a professional architect in America.[50]

1877: Eudora Clark Atkinson is the first woman superintendent of the first women's state reformatory in the United States. [51]

1877: Mother Jones, born in Ireland, helps lead the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, railroad strike. [52] [53]

1879: Mary Baker Eddy heads the newly created First Church of Christ, Scientist. [54]

circa 1880: Paiute Indian leader Sarah Winnemucca protests conditions on Indian reservations. [55]

1881: In the United States the Indian Treaty-Keeping and Protective Association (later Women's National Indian Association) is founded by Mary Lucinda Bonney and Amelia Stone Quinton. [56]

1881: Clara Barton establishes the American branch of the Red Cross and becomes its first president. [57]

1881: Helen Hunt Jackson publishes A Century of Dishonor, a profound condemnation of the treatment of Native Americans by the United States. [58]



1905: May Sutton is the first American woman to win Wimbledon.[59]

1916: The first birth control clinic in America is opened by Margaret Sanger.[60][61]

1916: Jeannette Rankin is the first woman in America to be elected to Congress (she was a representative of Montana).[62]

1920: The Nineteenth Amendment is ratified, granting women the right to vote.[21]

1925: Nellie Taylor Ross is the first female governor of any American state (specifically, Wyoming).[39]

1932: Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.[21]

1932: Hattie Caraway is the first woman in America to be elected to the Senate (she was a senator of Arkansas). [63]

1940: The first social security beneficiary was Ida May Fuller, she received check 00-000-001 in the amount of $22.54.[64]

1948: The Women's Armed Services Integration Act gives women permanent status in the Regular and Reserve forces of the Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps.[65]

1955: Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white person, thus starting the Montgomery Bus Boycott.[21]

1955: Betty Robbins, born in Greece, is the first female cantor (hazzan) in the 5,000 year old history of Judaism.[66] She was appointed cantor of the reform [67] Temple Avodah in Oceanside, New York in 1955,[68] when she was 31 and the Temple was without a cantor for the High Holidays.[69][70]

1963: Merry Lepper is the first American woman to run a marathon; she is recognized by the International Association of Athletics Federations as having set a world best in the marathon on December 16, 1963, with a time of 3:37:07 at the Western Hemisphere Marathon in Culver City, California.[71][72][73][nb 1]

1964: Jerrie Mock is the first woman to fly solo around the world, which she did in a Cessna 180.[76][77] The trip ended April 17, 1964, in Columbus, Ohio,[78] and took 29 days, 21 stopovers and almost 22,860 miles.[79]

1964: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act bans discrimination in employment on the basis of sex, and establishes the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to investigate complaints and impose penalties on sex discrimination.[21]

1965: In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court rules that Connecticut's ban on the use of contraceptives violates the right to marital privacy.[80]

1972: Title IX of the Education Amendments bans sex discrimination in public schools.[21]

1972: Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington are the first women in the United States promoted to brigadier general.[81]

1972: Sally Priesand is ordained on June 3, 1972, by Glueck's successor as the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion's president Rabbi Alfred Gottschalk at Plum Street Temple in Cincinnati,[82] making her the first woman to be ordained as a rabbi in the United States and only the second woman ever to be formally ordained in the history of Judaism.[83]

1973: Roe vs. Wade rules unconstitutional a state law that banned abortions except to save the life of the mother. The Supreme Court rules that the states are forbidden from outlawing or regulating any aspect of abortion performed during the first trimester of pregnancy, can only enact abortion regulations reasonably related to maternal health in the second and third trimesters, and can enact abortion laws protecting the life of the fetus only in the third trimester. Even then, an exception has to be made to protect the life of the mother.[84]

1978: The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 amends Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to prohibit sex discrimination on the basis of pregnancy.[85]

1984: Geraldine Ferraro is the first woman to run for vice president on a major party ticket. [86]

1992: Mona Van Duyn is the first woman named US poet laureate.[87]

1997: Madeline Albright, born in Prague, is the first female Secretary of State.[88]

2002: Melanie Wood is the first American woman and the second woman overall to be named a Putnam Fellow.[89]

2007: Nancy Pelosi is the first female Speaker of the United States House of Representatives; she is currently the highest ranking woman politician in American history.[90]

2008: Sarah Palin is the first woman to run for vice president on the Republican ticket. [91]

2009: Kathryn Bigelow is the first woman to win the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing, for The Hurt Locker (2008).[92]

2010: Kathryn Bigelow is the first woman to win the Academy Award for Best Director,[92][93] which she won for The Hurt Locker (2008).[94]

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    In June 1848, two male-organized conventions discussed the rights of women: The Conference of Badasht in Persia, at which Táhirih advocated women's rights and took off her veil; and the National Liberty Party Convention in New York at which presidential candidate Gerrit Smith established a party plank of women's suffrage after much debate.
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Notes

  1. ^ According to the Association of Road Racing Statisticians, the course for the Western Hemisphere Marathon was short in 1962 and 1963.[74] The ARRS also notes the date of the race as December 14, 1963.[74][75]
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