Qal'at Bustra: Difference between revisions
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'''Qal'at Bustra''' or '''Qalat Bustra''' is an [[archaeological]] site in Lebanon, close to the border of the [[Sheba Farms]] region of the [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli-occupied]] [[Golan Heights]], about 5km ENE of [[Ghajar]].<ref name=Dar>{{cite book | title = Settlements and Cult Sites on Mount Hermon, Israel | author = Shimon Dar | publisher = TEMPVS REPARATVM | series = BAR International Series 589 | year = 1993 | pages = 93–103}}</ref><ref name="Myers2010">{{cite book|author=E. A. Myers|title=The Ituraeans and the Roman Near East: Reassessing the Sources|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-cRrGQ8bIAkC&pg=PA66|accessdate=21 September 2012|date=11 February 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-51887-1|pages=66–}}</ref> It is situated on a peak of height 786m with a panoramic westward view.<ref name=Dar/> Qal'at Bustra, believed to be an ancient Roman sanctuary, was excavated by Israeli archaeologists. |
'''Qal'at Bustra''' or '''Qalat Bustra''' is an [[archaeological]] site in Lebanon, close to the border of the [[Sheba Farms]] region of the [[Israeli-occupied territories|Israeli-occupied]] [[Golan Heights]], about 5km ENE of [[Ghajar]].<ref name=Dar>{{cite book | title = Settlements and Cult Sites on Mount Hermon, Israel | author = Shimon Dar | publisher = TEMPVS REPARATVM | series = BAR International Series 589 | year = 1993 | pages = 93–103}}</ref><ref name="Myers2010">{{cite book|author=E. A. Myers|title=The Ituraeans and the Roman Near East: Reassessing the Sources|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-cRrGQ8bIAkC&pg=PA66|accessdate=21 September 2012|date=11 February 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-51887-1|pages=66–}}</ref> It is situated on a peak of height 786m with a panoramic westward view.<ref name=Dar/> Qal'at Bustra, believed to be an ancient Roman sanctuary, was excavated by Israeli archaeologists. Remains found at the site include a farmhouse and temple dating from the Roman period.<ref name=Dar/><ref>[http://books.google.co.il/books?id=KgVD3WL0vAsC&pg=PA77 The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East In the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, ed. T. Kaizer]</ref> |
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==History== |
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Archaeological excavations in Qal'at Bustra carried out by [[Bar Ilan University]]'s Department of Land of Israel Studies in 1983-1989 revealed stelae and evidence of cultic activity dating to the Hellenistic period or earlier which continued into the Roman period.<ref>[http://books.google.co.il/books?id=-cRrGQ8bIAkC&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=qalat+bustra+israel&source=bl&ots=rqSh0PDorT&sig=jaHBdx9bpSUlOu9Y9OTwfpg2X48&hl=en&sa=X&ei=q1nrUoAZ65fQBanegNgN&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=qalat%20bustra%20israel&f=true The Ituraeans and the Roman Near East: Reassessing the Sources, E. A. Myers]</ref> |
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==Farmhouse== |
==Farmhouse== |
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The site contained a farmstead at the center of a large farmyard.<ref name=Dar/> The farmstead was surrounded by well-built stone walls and had many rooms of different purposes.<ref name=Dar/> A villa-like structure contained a tower which is still visible.<ref name=Dar/> The surrounding farmland counts remains of many structures, including buildings, walls.<ref name=Dar/> Water cisterns with unusually large capacity for the region were found.<ref name=Dar/> |
The site contained a farmstead at the center of a large farmyard.<ref name=Dar/> The farmstead was surrounded by well-built stone walls and had many rooms of different purposes.<ref name=Dar/> A villa-like structure contained a tower which is still visible.<ref name=Dar/> The surrounding farmland counts remains of many structures, including buildings, walls.<ref name=Dar/> Water cisterns with unusually large capacity for the region were found.<ref name=Dar/> |
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Revision as of 08:13, 31 January 2014
  Shown within Golan Heights | |
| Alternative name | Qalat Bustra, Qalaat Bustra, Harviya |
|---|---|
| Region | Lebanon |
| Type | farmhouse and Roman temple |
| History | |
| Periods | Ancient Rome |
| Site notes | |
| Archaeologists | Shim'on Dar |
| Condition | Ruins |
Qal'at Bustra or Qalat Bustra is an archaeological site in Lebanon, close to the border of the Sheba Farms region of the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, about 5km ENE of Ghajar.[1][2] It is situated on a peak of height 786m with a panoramic westward view.[1] Qal'at Bustra, believed to be an ancient Roman sanctuary, was excavated by Israeli archaeologists. Remains found at the site include a farmhouse and temple dating from the Roman period.[1][3]
History
Archaeological excavations in Qal'at Bustra carried out by Bar Ilan University's Department of Land of Israel Studies in 1983-1989 revealed stelae and evidence of cultic activity dating to the Hellenistic period or earlier which continued into the Roman period.[4]
Farmhouse
The site contained a farmstead at the center of a large farmyard.[1] The farmstead was surrounded by well-built stone walls and had many rooms of different purposes.[1] A villa-like structure contained a tower which is still visible.[1] The surrounding farmland counts remains of many structures, including buildings, walls.[1] Water cisterns with unusually large capacity for the region were found.[1]
Roman temple
At the highest point of the peak, there are the remains a Roman temple covering about 100 square meters.[1] Only the foundations, the foundation stones, and one course of stones are preserved.[1] Discoveries in the temenos of the temple included eleven coins that were dated between the third century BCE and the third century CE.[2] One was dated to the reign of Herod Antipas.[5] Parts of a marble statue that include a male foot wearing a sandal was also recovered; it was probably a local deity worshipped at the temple.[1][6] A collection of snails were also found.[7] Various animal bones were discovered and dated to the 5th century CE including sheep, goats, cattle and a chicken.[8][9]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Shimon Dar (1993). Settlements and Cult Sites on Mount Hermon, Israel. BAR International Series 589. TEMPVS REPARATVM. pp. 93–103.
- ^ a b E. A. Myers (11 February 2010). The Ituraeans and the Roman Near East: Reassessing the Sources. Cambridge University Press. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-0-521-51887-1. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
- ^ The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East In the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, ed. T. Kaizer
- ^ The Ituraeans and the Roman Near East: Reassessing the Sources, E. A. Myers
- ^ Morten H. Jensen (1 July 2010). Herod Antipas in Galilee: The Literary and Archaeological Sources on the Reign of Herod Antipas and Its Socio-Economic Impact on Galilee. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 299–. ISBN 978-3-16-150362-7. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
- ^ Dar, S. and Gersht, R., A sculpted right foot wearing a sandal, from Qal'at Bustra in the Hermon. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 12 (1992-1993) 45-51.
- ^ Mienis, H.K., Note on a small collection of land snails recovered during the excavation of Qal'at Bustra, Mount Hermon, Israel. The Papustyla, 8 (3): 15., 1994.
- ^ Horwitz L.K., n.d. Animal Remains from Qalat Bustra (Unpublished Report submitted to the IAA). Jerusalem.
- ^ Horwitz, Liora., Diachronic patterns of animal exploitation in the Sinai Peninsula, PhD Thesis for Tel Aviv University, 2005.
