Royal College of Surgeons of England: Difference between revisions

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*1932 [[Wilfred Trotter]], ''The Commemoration of Great Men'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/1/3711/317|title=The Hunterian Oration|journal = BMJ{accessdate = 21 August 2010}}</ref>
*1932 [[Wilfred Trotter]], ''The Commemoration of Great Men'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/1/3711/317|title=The Hunterian Oration|journal = BMJ{accessdate = 21 August 2010}}</ref>
*1930 Ernest W. Hey Groves, ''Hero Worship in Surgery'' <ref>{{cite journal|jstor=25335294|title = Hunterian Oration|journal = BMJ}}</ref>
*1930 Ernest W. Hey Groves, ''Hero Worship in Surgery'' <ref>{{cite journal|jstor=25335294|title = Hunterian Oration|journal = BMJ}}</ref>
*1929 A W Sheen, ''Some Aspects of the Surgery of the Spleen'' <ref> {{cite doi|10.1016/S0140-6736(01)37857-1| accessdate = 2012-10-25}} </ref>
*1929 A W Sheen
*1928 Sir Holburt Waring, ''The Progress of Surgery from Hunter's day to ours'' <ref>{{cite journal|jstor=25327910|title =The Hunterian Oration|journal = BMJ}} ></ref>
*1928 Sir Holburt Waring, ''The Progress of Surgery from Hunter's day to ours'' <ref>{{cite journal|jstor=25327910|title =The Hunterian Oration|journal = BMJ}} ></ref>
*1927 [[Berkeley Moynihan, 1st Baron Moynihan|Berkeley Moynihan]], ''Hunter’s ideals and Lister’s practice'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E000226b.htm|title=Moynihan, Sir Berkeley George Andrew, Lord Moynihan of Leeds (1865 - 1936)|publisher=Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online|accessdate= 24 August 2010}}</ref>
*1927 [[Berkeley Moynihan, 1st Baron Moynihan|Berkeley Moynihan]], ''Hunter’s ideals and Lister’s practice'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E000226b.htm|title=Moynihan, Sir Berkeley George Andrew, Lord Moynihan of Leeds (1865 - 1936)|publisher=Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online|accessdate= 24 August 2010}}</ref>
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*1923 [[Sir John Bland-Sutton, 1st Baronet|Sir John Bland-Sutton]], ''John Hunter, his affairs, habits and opinions'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cats/9/10223.htm|title = Bland-Sutton, Sir John: Papers|publisher=Royal College of Surgeons|accessdate= 24 August 2010}}</ref>
*1923 [[Sir John Bland-Sutton, 1st Baronet|Sir John Bland-Sutton]], ''John Hunter, his affairs, habits and opinions'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cats/9/10223.htm|title = Bland-Sutton, Sir John: Papers|publisher=Royal College of Surgeons|accessdate= 24 August 2010}}</ref>
*1921 Sir Charters J. Symonds, ''On Astley Cooper and Hunterian Principles'' <ref> {{cite doi| 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)78484-4|accessdate = 2012-10-25}} </ref>
*1921 Sir Charters J. Symonds, ''On Astley Cooper and Hunterian Principles'' <ref> {{cite doi| 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)78484-4|accessdate = 2012-10-25}} </ref>
*1919 Sir Anthony Bowlby, ''British Military Surgery in the time of Hunter and in the Great War''
*1919 Sir Anthony Bowlby, ''British Military Surgery in the time of Hunter and in the Great War'' <ref> {{cite doi|10.1016/S0140-6736(00)45939-8| accessdate = 2012-10-25}} </ref>
*1917 Sir George Henry Makins, ''The Influence Exerted by the Military Experience of John Hunter on himself and the Military Surgeon of Today'' <ref>{{cite journal|title=Hunterian Oration 1917|journal = BMJ|pmc=2348053|pmid=20768476|volume=1|issue=2929|year=1917|month=February|author=Makins GH|pages=213–9}}</ref>
*1917 Sir George Henry Makins, ''The Influence Exerted by the Military Experience of John Hunter on himself and the Military Surgeon of Today'' <ref>{{cite journal|title=Hunterian Oration 1917|journal = BMJ|pmc=2348053|pmid=20768476|volume=1|issue=2929|year=1917|month=February|author=Makins GH|pages=213–9}}</ref>
*1915 Sir [[William Watson Cheyne]], ''The Treatment of Wounds in War'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.watson-cheyne.com/the-hunterian-oration-on-the-treatment-of-wounds-in-war.pdf|title = The Hunterian Oration 1915|accessdate= 30 September 2010}}</ref>
*1915 Sir [[William Watson Cheyne]], ''The Treatment of Wounds in War'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.watson-cheyne.com/the-hunterian-oration-on-the-treatment-of-wounds-in-war.pdf|title = The Hunterian Oration 1915|accessdate= 30 September 2010}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:38, 25 October 2012

Royal College of Surgeons of England, Lincoln's Inn Fields

The Royal College of Surgeons of England is an independent professional body and registered charity (212808) committed to promoting and advancing the highest standards of surgical care for patients, regulating surgery, including dentistry, in England and Wales. The College is located at Lincoln's Inn Fields in London.

History

The origins of the College date to the fourteenth century with the foundation of the 'Guild of Surgeons Within the City of London'.[1] Certain sources date this as occurring in 1368. There was ongoing dispute between the surgeons and barber surgeons until an agreement was signed between them in 1493, giving the fellowship of surgeons the power of incorporation.[2] This union was formalised further in 1540 by Henry VIII between the Worshipful Company of Barbers (incorporated 1462) and the Guild of Surgeons to form the Company of Barber-Surgeons. In 1745 the surgeons broke away from the barbers to form the Company of Surgeons. In 1800 the Company was granted a Royal Charter to become the Royal College of Surgeons in London. A further charter in 1843 granted it the present title of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Fellows

The original 300 Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (FRCS) include:

The correct way to address a member or fellow of The Royal College of Surgeons is to use the title Mr, Miss, Mrs, or Ms (not Dr). This system (which applies only to surgeons, not physicians) has its origins in the 16th century, when surgeons were barber-surgeons and did not have a medical degree (or indeed any formal qualification), unlike physicians, who held a University medical degree. When the College of Surgeons received its royal charter, the Royal College of Physicians insisted that candidates must have a medical degree first. Therefore an aspiring surgeon had to study medicine first and received the title Doctor. Thereafter, having obtained the diploma of Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons he would revert to the title "Mr" as a snub to the RCP. The title "Mr" only applied to Fellows, not Members with the diploma MRCS. In fact members of the College (holding a MRCS) are referred to as Mr and the College addresses them as such.[clarification needed]

In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles, the distinction is made in the following conversation:

"Come, come, we are not so far wrong after all," said Holmes. "And now, Dr. James Mortimer--"

"Mister, sir, Mister--a humble M.R.C.S."

Despite Mortimer's correction, he is referred to as "Dr. Mortimer" throughout the story.

A biographical register of fellows is available on Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online

The main exhibit room, Hunterian Museum, woodblock engraving by T.H.Shepperd & E.Radclyffe, London, 1853 (Dr. Nuno Carvalho de Sousa collection, Lisbon)

Buildings

The Company of Surgeons moved from Surgeon's Hall in Old Bailey to a site at 41 Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1797. Construction of the first College building, to a design by George Dance the Younger, and James Lewis, took from 1805 to 1813. In 1833 Sir Charles Barry won the public competition to design a replacement. The library and portico of this building are all that remain today after a German incendiary bomb hit the College in 1941.

Hunterian Museum

The skeleton of the seven and a half foot (231cm) tall "Irish Giant" is visible in the middle of this image.

In 1799 the government purchased the collection of John Hunter which they presented to the College. This formed the basis of the Hunterian Collection, which has since been supplemented by others including an Odontological Collection and the natural history collections of Richard Owen. The museum displays thousands of anatomical specimens, including the Evelyn tables and the skeleton of the "Irish giant" Charles Byrne, and many surgical instruments

Faculties

Medals, Awards and Lectures

The Cheselden Medal was instituted in 2009 in honour of William Cheselden "to recognise unique achievements in, and exceptional contributions to, the advancement of surgery". The award is made at irregular intervals to reflect the outstanding qualities required of recipients and is deemed one of the College’s highest professional honours.[3]

The Royal Colleges' Bronze Medal was instituted in 1957 and is awarded jointly with the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. It is awarded annually "on the nomination of the Medical Group of the Royal Photographic Society for the outstanding example of photography in the service of medicine and surgery".

The Wood Jones Medal was instituted in 1975 to commemorate Frederic Wood Jones (Sir William Collins Professor of Human and Comparative Anatomy and Conservator of the Anatomy Museum 1945-52). It is awarded occasionally (triennially until 1994) by a Committee "for contributions to anatomical knowledge or the teaching of anatomy in the tradition of Frederic Wood Jones".

The Clement-Price Award was founded in 1958 with a gift of 1,000 guineas from members of the staff of the Westminster Hospital in honour of Sir Clement Price Thomas. It is awarded triennially, or at such other interval as the President may decide, by the Council on the recommendation of the Fellowship Election and Prize Committee, "in recognition of meritorious contributions to surgery in its widest sense, without restriction of candidature".

The Lister Medal has been awarded since 1924 (mostly on a triennial basis), after the College was entrusted in 1920 with administrating the Lister Memorial Fund, in memory of pioneering British surgeon Joseph Lister. The award is decided in conjunction with the Royal Society, the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, the University of Edinburgh, and the University of Glasgow. In addition to being presented with a medal, the recipient delivers the Lister Oration at the College.

The Honorary Gold Medal was instituted in 1802 and is awarded at irregular intervals "for liberal acts or distinguished labours, researches and discoveries eminently conducive to the improvement of natural knowledge and of the healing art". Recipients to date include Sir Victor Negus, Sir Geoffrey Keynes, Sir Stanford Cade (all three in 1969), Professor Harold Ellis (1998), Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys (2002) and Dr Barry J. Marshall (2005).

The Bradshaw Lecture was founded in 1875 under the will of Mrs Sally Hall Bradshaw in memory of her husband, Dr William Wood Bradshaw. It is a biennial (annual until 1993) lecture on surgery, customarily given by a senior member of the Council on or about the day preceding the second Thursday of December. (Given in alternate years, with the Hunterian Oration given in the intervening years). Not to be confused with the corresponding Bradshaw Lectures delivered to the Royal College of Physicians. See Bradshaw Lecture for list of past lectures and lecturers.

Hunterian Oration

The oration was founded in 1813 by the executors of John Hunter's will, his nephew Dr Matthew Baillie and his brother-in-law Sir Everard Home, who made a gift to the College to provide an annual oration and a dinner for Members of the Court of Assistants and others. In 1853 the oration and dinner became biennial and is held on alternate years in rotation with the Bradshaw Lecture. It is delivered by a Fellow or Member of the college on Feb 14th, Hunter's birthday, "such oration to be expressive of the merits in comparative anatomy, physiology, and surgery, not only of John Hunter, but also of all persons, as should be from time to time deceased, whose labours have contributed to the improvement or extension of surgical science". The RCS Oration is not to be confused with the Hunterian Society Oration given at the Hunterian Society.

3

Current and Past Presidents

Name Presidential term
Norman Williams 2011–present[46]
John Black 2008-11[47]
Bernard Ribeiro 2005-08[48]
Hugh Phillips 2004–05[49]
Professor Sir Peter Morris 2001-04[50]
Barry Jackson 1998-2001
Rodney Sweetnam 1995-98
Professor Sir Norman Browse 1992-95
Terence English 1989-92
Ian Todd 1986-89
Geoffrey Slaney 1982-86
Alan Parks 1980-82
Reginald Murley 1977-80
Rodney Smith 1973-77
Edward Muir 1972
Thomas Holmes Sellors 1969-72
Hedley Atkins 1966-69
Russell Brock, Baron Brock 1963-66
Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt 1960-63[51]
James Patterson Ross 1957-60
Harry Platt 1954-57
Cecil Wakeley 1949-54
Sir Alfred Webb-Johnson 1941-48
Hugh Lett 1938-40
Cuthbert Wallace 1935-37
Holburt Jacob Waring 1932-34
Berkeley Moynihan 1926-31
Sir John Bland-Sutton 1923-23
Anthony Alfred Bowlby 1920-22
George Henry Makins 1917-19
Sir William Watson Cheyne 1914-16
Rickman Godlee 1911–1913
Henry Trentham Butlin 1909-11
Henry Morris 1906-08
John Tweedy 1903-05
Henry Greenaway Howse 1901-02
William MacCormac 1896–1900
Christopher Heath 1895
John Whitaker Hulke 1893-94
Thomas Bryant 1890-92
Jonathan Hutchinson 1889
Sir William Scovell Savory 1885-88
John Cooper Forster 1884
John Marshall 1883
Thomas Spencer Wells 1882
William James Erasmus Wilson 1881
John Eric Erichson 1880
Luther Holden 1879
John Simon 1878
John Birkett 1877
Prescott Gardner Hewett 1876
James Paget 1875
Frederick Le Gros Clark 1874
Thomas Blizard Curling 1873
Henry Hancock 1872
George Busk 1871
William Fergusson 1870
Edward Cock 1869
Richard Quain 1868
John Hilton 1867
Richard Partridge 1866
Thomas Wormald 1865
Joseph Hodgson 1864
Frederic Carpenter Skey 1863
James Luke 1862
Caesar Henry Hawkins 1861
John Flint South 1860
James Moncrieff Arnott 1859
Joseph Henry Green 1858
Edward Stanley 1857
Benjamin Travers 1856
William Lawrence 1855
George James Guthrie 1854
James Luke 1853
Caesar Hawkins 1852
John Flint South 1851
James Moncrieff Arnott 1850
Joseph Henry Green 1849
Edward Stanley 1848
Benjamin Travers 1847
William Lawrence 1846
Samuel Cooper 1845
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie 1844
John Goldwyer Andrews 1843
Anthony White 1842
George James Guthrie 1841
John Painter Vincent 1840
Robert Keate 1839
Honoratus Leigh Thomas 1838
Sir Anthony Carlisle 1837
Astley Paston Cooper 1836
John Goldwyer Andrews 1835
Anthony White 1834
George James Guthrie 1833
John Painter Vincent 1832
Robert Keate 1831
Richard Clement Headington 1830
Honoratus Leigh Thomas 1829
Sir Anthony Carlisle 1828
Astley Paston Cooper 1827
John Abernethy 1826
William Lynn 1825
William Norris 1824
Henry Cline 1823
William Blizard 1822
Everard Home 1821-22

Past Masters - Royal College of Surgeons

Name Magisterial term
Thompson Foster 1820
Sir David Dundas 1819
Thomas Keate 1818
George Chandler 1817
Sir James Earle 1817
William Norris 1816
Henry Cline 1815
William Blizard 1814
Everard Home 1813
Thompson Foster 1812
David Dundas 1811
Sir Charles Blicke 1810
Thomas Keate 1809
George Chandler 1808
Sir James Earle 1807
Charles Hawkins 1806
Thompson Forster 1805
David Dundas 1804
Sir Charles Blicke 1803
Thomas Keate 1802
George Chandler 1801
William Long 1800

Past Masters - Company of Surgeons

Name Magisterial term
Charles Hawkins 1799–1800
James Earle 1798
John Gunning 1797
Isaac Minors 1796
William Cooper 1795
William Walker 1794
John Wyatt 1793
Samuel Howard 1792
William Lucas 1791
Charles Hawkins 1790
John Gunning 1789
Henry Watson 1788
Edmund Pitts 1787
Isaac Minors 1786
Henry Watson 1785
Joseph Warner 1784
Richard Grindall 1782-3
Peter Triquet 1781
Joseph Warner 1780
Fleming Pinkstan 1779
Pennell Hawkins 1778
Robert Young 1776-77
Richard Grindall 1775
Matthew Spray 1774
Joseph Warner 1773
John Pyle 1772
Wentworth Gregory 1770-71
William Bromfield 1769
Benjamin Cowell 1768
Robert Adair 1767
Stafford Crane 1766
Percivall Pott 1765
Robert Young 1764
John Blagden 1763
John Townsend 1762
David Middleton 1761
Edward Nourse 1760
Christopher Fullagar 1759
Mark Hawkins 1758
William Singleton 1757
John Westbrook 1756
Noah Roul 1755
James Hickes 1754
Legard Sparham 1753
John Ranby 1751-52
Peter Sainthill 1749-50
Caesar Hawkins 1748
John Freke 1747
William Cheselden 1746
John Ranby 1745

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Louis Kuo Tai Fu (2000)The origins of surgery. 2: From barbers to surgeons Annals of the College of Surgeons Hong Kong 4 (1), 35–49. doi:10.1046/j.1442-2034.2000.00029.x
  2. ^ http://www.hom.ucalgary.ca/Dayspapers2003.pdf, page 118
  3. ^ "Terms of reference for Fellowship, Election and Prize Committee". Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  4. ^ "Hunterian Oration" (PDF). Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
  5. ^ Qvist G (1979). "Hunterian Oration,1979". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 61 (2): 138–41. PMC 2492794. PMID 373574. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Franklin RH (1978). "Hunterian Oration, 1977". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons. 60 (3): 266–73. PMC 2492071. PMID 348022. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Sellors TH (1973). "Some Pupils of John Hunter". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons. 53 (4): 205–17. PMC 2388271. PMID 4583418. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ Atkins H (1971). "The Hunterian Festival 1971". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 48 (4): 193–218. PMC 2387934. PMID 4930138. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ^ "(Arthur Espie), Baron Porritt of Wanganui, New Zealand and of Hampstead Porritt". Royal College of Physicians. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  10. ^ "Hunterian Festival" (PDF). Pub Med. Central canada. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
  11. ^ "Reflections on the Hunterian Method". BMJ. JSTOR 20334843.
  12. ^ NORBURY LE (1953). "The Hunterian Era: Its Influence on the Art and Science of Surgery". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 12 (5). Royal College of Surgeons: 303–27. PMC 2377576. PMID 13041104. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ^ PAGE M (1951). "The Hunterian Heritage". BMJ. 1 (4705): 489–96. PMC 2068470. PMID 14821457. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Souttar HS (1949). "The Hunterian Oration for 1949". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons. 4 (3): 127–41. PMC 2238306. PMID 19309852. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ^ "Obituary". BMJ. PMC 2028496.
  16. ^ "The Lancet Volume 237, Issue 6130, 22 February 1941, Pages 235–240". Science Direct. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
  17. ^ "The Lancet Volume 233, Issue 6025, 18 February 1939, Pages 369–374, e1, e2, 375". Science Direct. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
  18. ^ "Fagge, Charles Herbert (1873-1939)". Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  19. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)03675-3, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)03675-3 instead.
  20. ^ "The Hunterian Oration". BMJ{accessdate = 21 August 2010.
  21. ^ "Hunterian Oration". BMJ. JSTOR 25335294.
  22. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)37857-1, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)37857-1 instead.
  23. ^ "The Hunterian Oration". BMJ. JSTOR 25327910. >
  24. ^ "Moynihan, Sir Berkeley George Andrew, Lord Moynihan of Leeds (1865 - 1936)". Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  25. ^ "Bland-Sutton, Sir John: Papers". Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  26. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)78484-4, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi= 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)78484-4 instead.
  27. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)45939-8, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)45939-8 instead.
  28. ^ Makins GH (1917). "Hunterian Oration 1917". BMJ. 1 (2929): 213–9. PMC 2348053. PMID 20768476. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  29. ^ "The Hunterian Oration 1915" (PDF). Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  30. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)60366-0, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)60366-0 instead.
  31. ^ "The Hunterian Oration". BMJ. JSTOR 25280983. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  32. ^ Butlin HT (1907). "The Hunterian Oration". BMJ. 1 (2407): 357–62. PMC 2356750. PMID 20763071. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  33. ^ "Tweedy, Sir John (1849 - 1924)". Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
  34. ^ "The Hunterian Oration". BMJ. 1 (2199): 438–9. 1903. PMC 2513120. PMID 20760723. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  35. ^ "Obituary". BMJ. PMC 2342183.
  36. ^ "Royal College of Physicians-HUTCHINSON, Sir Jonathan (1828-1913)". Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  37. ^ "The Hunterian Oration" (PDF). BMJ. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  38. ^ "The Hunterian Oration" (PDF). BMJ. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  39. ^ Caddy A (1931). "The Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hosspital and its Staff in the Past". The British Journal of Ophthalmology. 15 (9): 498–511. doi:10.1136/bjo.15.9.498. PMC 511338. PMID 18168977. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  40. ^ "The Hunterian Oration". BMJ. JSTOR 25228935.
  41. ^ "Hunterian Lecture". Internet Archive. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
  42. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)88494-X, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)88494-X instead.
  43. ^ "GREEN, Joseph Henry (1791-1863)". King's College London Archives Services. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  44. ^ "Vital Dynamics:The Hunterian Oroation 14 Fenbruary 1940". Retrieved 2012-10-25.
  45. ^ "TRAVERS, Benjamin (1783-1858)". King's College London Archives Services. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  46. ^ "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 14 April 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  47. ^ "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 10 April 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
  48. ^ "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 14 July 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
  49. ^ "Hugh Phillips". London: The Independent. 16 July 2005. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
  50. ^ "New President for Royal College of Surgeons". Royal College of Surgeons of England. 7 July 2004. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
  51. ^ G, H. H. (4 January 1994). "Lord Porritt". London: The Independent. Retrieved 19 June 2009.

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