Courtelary: Difference between revisions
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| image_caption = School house in Courtelary |
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[[Image:Karte Gemeinden des Bezirks Courtelary.png|thumb|right|Municipalities in the district of Courtelary]] |
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'''Courtelary''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] of the French-speaking [[Bernese Jura]], in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. The town is the capital of the [[Jura bernois (administrative district)|Jura bernois administrative district]]. |
'''Courtelary''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] of the French-speaking [[Bernese Jura]], in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Bern (canton)|Bern]] in [[Switzerland]]. The town is the capital of the [[Jura bernois (administrative district)|Jura bernois administrative district]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Courtelary is first mentioned in 968 as ''Curtis Alerici''.<ref name=HDS/> |
Courtelary is first mentioned in 968 as ''Curtis Alerici'' in a list of the properties of [[Moutier-Grandval Abbey]]. In 1179, [[Pope Alexander III]] elevated the Abbot to a [[Canon (priest)|Canon]] and confirmed the Abbots title to Courtelary.<ref name=HDS/> |
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In addition to Moutier-Granval Abbey, the [[Cathedral chapter]] of [[Saint-Imier]] owned properties in the village which were managed for them by the Lords of Fenis-Neuchâtel. However, while under the control of the Lords of Fenis-Neuchâtel, the valley became a [[bailiwick]] of the [[Prince-Bishop]] of [[Prince-Bishopric of Basel|Basel]]. The Prince-Bishop placed the valley under the [[Seigniory]] of [[Erguel]]. By the late 13th century, Seigniory was controlled by the town of [[Biel/Bienne|Biel]].<ref name=HDS/> |
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Due to the rising popularity of the [[Cult (religious practice)|cult]] of [[Imerius of Immertal|St. Imerius]], in the 10th or 11th century a small Church of St. Imerius was built in the village. The original building was expanded in 1372, 1642 and finally in 1773. During a restoration in 1933-36, several 11th century [[mural]]s were discovered in the building. The Courtelary [[parish]] was first mentioned in the 13th century. In 1530, Biel began forcing the entire Erguel region to accept the [[Protestant Reformation]]. This interference in local affairs pushed the residents of the valley to create an alliance with the town of [[Solothurn]]. In 1604 with Solothurn's support, the appeals court moved from Biel to Courtelary which brought limited self rule back to the valley. Two years later the seat of the Erguel Bailiwick moved to Courtelary's New Castle (which later became the town hall). During the [[Thirty Years' War]], in 1639, the village was plundered and partially burned by the Duke of [[Saxe-Weimar]]'s troops.<ref name=HDS/> |
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In 1726, the Prince-Bishop of Basel, Johann Konrad von Reinach-Hirzbach, attempted to modernize and consolidate his extensive land holdings. He tried to sweep away the numerous local laws, customs and rights and replace them with a central government ruled according to the principles of [[enlightened absolutism]]. Riots and revolts against the new government broke out almost immediately in the Erguel valley and the region remained a center of anti-government activity.<ref name=HDS_trouble>{{HDS|17205|Troubles}}</ref> In 1733 a meeting at the Courtelary Castle exploded into a riot and the Prince-Bishop's [[bailiff]], Benoît-Aimé Mestrezat, was forced to flee the city. In 1792 and 1793, heavily influenced by the [[French Revolution]], the revolutionary National Assembly of Erguel was established in Courtelary. Revolutionaries flocked to the town and established a short-lived Republic of Erguel. In 1797 the [[French_invasion_of_Switzerland#Collapse|French invaded]] the lands of the Bishop of Basel and established the Canton of Courtelary with Courtelary as the capital. The Canton was initially part of the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Mont-Terrible]] followed by the Department of [[Haut-Rhin]]. After [[Napoleon]]'s defeat, in 1815, the Erguel region became part of the [[Canton of Bern]]. Courtelary was the capital of the District of Erguel until 1831 when it became the capital of the District of Courtelary.<ref name=HDS/> |
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[[File:Camille Bloch Courtelary 01 10.jpg|thumb|left|Camille Bloch Chocolates in Courtelary]] |
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Courtelary remained a rural and agricultural town until the early 20th Century. The farms on the valley floor produced grain for local use. In contrast, the surrounding mountain pastures were used by [[Anabaptist]] [[sharecroppers]] to raise dairy cattle and other livestock. They then produced butter and cheese which they exported. In 1874 the Biel-[[Les Convers]]-[[La Chaux-de-Fonds]] railroad was built through the town. The lower transportation costs from the railroad allowed a wood pulp factory to be built in Courtelary. In 1935, the Camille Bloch chocolate factory moved into the old wood pulp building. Other than the chocolate factory, manufacturing developed very slowly in Courtelary. A few precision machine and watch parts factories were built during the early 20th century, but during the 1970s these industries declined. In the following decades the industrial sector rebounded and in 2000 about 47% of the working population worked in industry.<ref name=HDS/> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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[[File:Courtelary stacidomo 856.jpg|thumb|Courtelary train station and surrounding mountains]] |
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Courtelary has an area, {{as of|2009|lc=on}}, of {{convert|22.17|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Of this area, {{convert|11.39|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 51.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|9.66|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 43.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, {{convert|0.99|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 4.5% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|0.03|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|0.02|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.1% is unproductive land.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref> |
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Courtelary has an area of {{Swiss area|0434|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|0434|QUELLE}}<!--22.17 - 22.09 km2--> Of this area, {{convert|11.39|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 51.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|9.66|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 43.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, {{convert|0.99|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 4.5% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|0.03|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|0.02|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.1% is unproductive land.<ref name=BFS_land>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/02/03/blank/data/gemeindedaten.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 25 March 2010</ref> |
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Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%. 37.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.7% is used for growing crops and 13.1% is pastures and 26.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is |
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%. Out of the forested land, 37.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.7% is used for growing crops and 13.1% is pastures and 26.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.<ref name=BFS_land/> |
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Courtelary consists of two sections, the main village down in the valley and a number of individual farms up (about {{convert|900|m|ft|sp=us}} above sea level) on the mountains. |
Courtelary consists of two sections, the main village down in the valley and a number of individual farms up (about {{convert|900|m|ft|sp=us}} above sea level) on the mountains. |
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On 31 December 2009 it stopped being the capital of the District de Courtelary when it was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it became the capital of the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.<ref name=Mutation>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{de icon}} accessed 4 April 2011</ref> |
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==Coat of arms== |
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The [[blazon]] of the municipal [[coat of arms]] is ''Gules on a Bend Argent three Linden Leaves pointing to base sinister.''<ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-be094.html Flags of the World.com] accessed 26-September-2012</ref> |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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Courtelary has a population (as of |
Courtelary has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-BE}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-BE|0434}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-BE}} {{as of|2010}}, 13.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals.<ref name=BE_Stat>[http://www.fin.be.ch/de/index/finanzen/finanzen/publikationen/wohnbevoelkerung.html Statistical office of the Canton of Bern] {{de icon}} accessed 4 January 2012</ref> Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 13%. Migration accounted for 12.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.5%.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 26-September-2012</ref> |
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Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks [[French language|French]] (933 or 82.8%) as their first language, [[German language|German]] is the second most common (125 or 11.1%) and [[Italian language|Italian]] is the third (21 or 1.9%). There are 6 people who speak [[Romansh language|Romansh]].<ref name=STAT2000/> |
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In the 2007 election the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] which received 34.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SPS]] (25.8%), the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP]] (21.1%) and the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party]] (13.1%). |
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{{as of|2008}}, the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. The population was made up of 527 Swiss men (41.5% of the population) and 88 (6.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 575 Swiss women (45.3%) and 80 (6.3%) non-Swiss women.<ref name=BE_Stat>[http://www.fin.be.ch/de/index/finanzen/finanzen/publikationen/wohnbevoelkerung.html Statistical office of the Canton of Bern] {{de icon}} accessed 4 January 2012</ref> Of the population in the municipality, 321 or about 28.5% were born in Courtelary and lived there in 2000. There were 380 or 33.7% who were born in the same canton, while 210 or 18.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 162 or 14.4% were born outside of Switzerland.<ref name=STAT2000/> |
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The age distribution of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 55.7% and the seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.8%. The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Courtelary about 67.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either University or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]''). |
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{{as of|2010}}, children and teenagers (0-19 years old) make up 24.9% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 56.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.8%.<ref name=SFSO/> |
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Courtelary has an unemployment rate of 0.99%. {{as of|2005}}, there were 60 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 23 businesses involved in this sector. 265 people are employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there are 17 businesses in this sector. 242 people are employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 41 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 04-Jun-2009</ref> |
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The historical population is given in the following table:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|265|Courtelary}}</ref> |
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{{as of|2000}}, there were 440 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 545 married individuals, 73 widows or widowers and 69 individuals who are divorced.<ref name=STAT2000>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000] {{de icon}} accessed 2 February 2011 </ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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{{as of|2000}}, there were 134 households that consist of only one person and 36 households with five or more people. {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 451 apartments (80.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 69 apartments (12.3%) were seasonally occupied and 43 apartments (7.6%) were empty.<ref name=Housing>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen] {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref> {{as of|2010}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 7.1 new units per 1000 residents.<ref name=SFSO/> The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2011|alt=in 2011}}, was 1.76%. |
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! year |
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! population |
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The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|265|Courtelary}}</ref><ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000] {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011</ref> |
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|- |
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<timeline> |
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| 1739 |
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Colors= |
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| 354 |
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id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) |
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|- |
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id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) |
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| 1801 |
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ImageSize = width:1140 height:210 |
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| 545 |
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PlotArea = top:10 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 |
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|- |
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AlignBars = justify |
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| 1850 |
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DateFormat = x.y |
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| 868 |
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Period = from:0 till:1500 |
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|- |
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TimeAxis = orientation:vertical |
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| 1900 |
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AlignBars = justify |
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| 1,228 |
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ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:300 start:0 |
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|- |
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ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:60 start:0 |
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| 1950 |
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PlotData= |
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| 1,239 |
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color:yellowgreen width:42 mark:(line,white) align:center |
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|- |
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bar:1460 from:start till:104 bar:1460 at:114 fontsize:S text: "26 Barns" shift:(7,5) |
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|} |
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bar:1739 from:start till:354 text:"354" |
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bar:1801 from:start till:545 text:"545" |
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bar:1850 from:start till:868 text:"868" |
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bar:1860 from:start till:1095 text:"1,095" |
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bar:1870 from:start till:1219 text:"1,219" |
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bar:1880 from:start till:1202 text:"1,202" |
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bar:1888 from:start till:1156 text:"1,156" |
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bar:1900 from:start till:1228 text:"1,228" |
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bar:1910 from:start till:1337 text:"1,337" |
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bar:1920 from:start till:1268 text:"1,268" |
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bar:1930 from:start till:1192 text:"1,192" |
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bar:1941 from:start till:1068 text:"1,068" |
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bar:1950 from:start till:1239 text:"1,239" |
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bar:1960 from:start till:1330 text:"1,330" |
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bar:1970 from:start till:1462 text:"1,462" |
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bar:1980 from:start till:1211 text:"1,211" |
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bar:1990 from:start till:1120 text:"1,120" |
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bar:2000 from:start till:1127 text:"1,127" |
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</timeline> |
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==Politics== |
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In the 2011 [[Swiss federal election, 2011|federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|Swiss People's Party (SVP)]] which received 33.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|Social Democratic Party (SP)]] (28.3%), the [[Green Party of Switzerland|Green Party]] (12.7%) and the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP.The Liberals]] (9.3%). In the federal election, a total of 302 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 34.5%.<ref name=election_2011>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/05/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election] {{de icon}} accessed 8 May 2012</ref> |
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==Economy== |
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[[File:Courtelary stacidomo 857.jpg|thumb|Courtelary train station]] |
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{{as of|2011|In 2011}}, Courtelary had an unemployment rate of 3.53%. {{as of|2008}}, there were a total of 610 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 64 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 24 businesses involved in this sector. 330 people were employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there were 17 businesses in this sector. 216 people were employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 36 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/> There were 6 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 50.0% of the workforce. |
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{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} there were a total of 532 [[full-time equivalent]] jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 43, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 312 of which 274 or (87.8%) were in manufacturing and 38 (12.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 177. In the tertiary sector; 25 or 14.1% were in trade, sale or the repair of motor vehicles, 4 or 2.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 18 or 10.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 21 or 11.9% were the insurance or financial industry, 8 or 4.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 14 or 7.9% were in education and 41 or 23.2% were in health care.<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3] {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011</ref> |
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{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 342 workers who commuted into the municipality and 308 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 1.8% of the workforce coming into Courtelary are coming from outside Switzerland.<ref name=commuter>[http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb] {{de icon}} accessed 24 June 2010</ref> Of the working population, 13.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 51.5% used a private car.<ref name=SFSO/> |
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==Religion== |
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From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 269 or 23.9% were [[Roman Catholic]], while 640 or 56.8% belonged to the [[Swiss Reformed Church]]. Of the rest of the population, there were 4 [[Orthodox Christianity|members of an Orthodox church]] (or about 0.35% of the population), there were 6 individuals (or about 0.53% of the population) who belonged to the [[Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland|Christian Catholic Church]], and there were 70 individuals (or about 6.21% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 31 (or about 2.75% of the population) who were [[Islam]]ic. There were 11 individuals who were [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and 1 person who was [[Hinduism|Hindu]]. 92 (or about 8.16% of the population) belonged to no church, are [[Agnosticism|agnostic]] or [[Atheism|atheist]], and 38 individuals (or about 3.37% of the population) did not answer the question.<ref name=STAT2000/> |
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==Weather== |
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Courtelary has an average of 145.6 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives {{convert|1317|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month is June during which time Courtelary receives an average of {{convert|126|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.9 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 14.9, but with only {{convert|121|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is September with an average of {{convert|93|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 9.4 days.<ref name=MeteoSchweiz> {{cite web| url =http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html | title =Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990 | accessdate= 8 May 2009|| publisher =Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss | language = German, French, Italian}}, the Courtelary weather station elevation is 698 meters above sea level.</ref> |
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==Education== |
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In Courtelary about 378 or (33.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]], and 115 or (10.2%) have completed additional higher education (either [[List of universities in Switzerland|university]] or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]''). Of the 115 who completed tertiary schooling, 74.8% were Swiss men, 19.1% were Swiss women.<ref name=STAT2000/> |
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The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory [[Kindergarten]], followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an [[apprenticeship]].<ref>{{Cite report |title=Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein |url= http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf |author= EDK/CDIP/IDES |year= 2010 |accessdate= 24 June 2010 }}</ref> |
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During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 204 students attending classes in Courtelary. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 22 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 13.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 61 students. Of the primary students, 1.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 3.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 5 lower secondary classes with a total of 90 students. There were 3.3% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 5.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language.<ref name=School>[http://www.erz.be.ch/erz/de/index/direktion/organisation/generalsekretariat/statistik/schul-_und_gemeindetabellen.html Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf document]{{de icon}} accessed 4 January 2012</ref> |
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{{as of|2000}}, there were 97 students in Courtelary who came from another municipality, while 93 residents attended schools outside the municipality.<ref name=commuter/> |
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==Industry== |
==Industry== |
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==Famous residents== |
==Famous residents== |
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It is the place of birth of Swiss composer [[Paul Miche]]. |
It is the place of birth of Swiss composer [[Paul Miche]]. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons category}} |
{{commons category}} |
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*{{HDS|265}} |
*{{HDS|265}} |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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{{Municipalities of the administrative district of Jura bernois}} |
{{Municipalities of the administrative district of Jura bernois}} |
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Revision as of 00:58, 27 September 2012
Courtelary | |
|---|---|
 School house in Courtelary | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Courtelary  | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Bern |
| District | Jura bernois |
| Area | |
| • Total | 22.21 km2 (8.58 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 695 m (2,280 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018)[2] | |
| • Total | 1,437 |
| • Density | 65/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 2608 |
| SFOS number | 0434 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-BE |
| Surrounded by | Cormoret, Nods, Cortébert, Mont-Tramelan, Les Breuleux, La Chaux-des-Breuleux |
| Website | www SFSO statistics |
Courtelary is a municipality of the French-speaking Bernese Jura, in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The town is the capital of the Jura bernois administrative district.
History
Courtelary is first mentioned in 968 as Curtis Alerici in a list of the properties of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. In 1179, Pope Alexander III elevated the Abbot to a Canon and confirmed the Abbots title to Courtelary.[3]
In addition to Moutier-Granval Abbey, the Cathedral chapter of Saint-Imier owned properties in the village which were managed for them by the Lords of Fenis-Neuchâtel. However, while under the control of the Lords of Fenis-Neuchâtel, the valley became a bailiwick of the Prince-Bishop of Basel. The Prince-Bishop placed the valley under the Seigniory of Erguel. By the late 13th century, Seigniory was controlled by the town of Biel.[3]
Due to the rising popularity of the cult of St. Imerius, in the 10th or 11th century a small Church of St. Imerius was built in the village. The original building was expanded in 1372, 1642 and finally in 1773. During a restoration in 1933-36, several 11th century murals were discovered in the building. The Courtelary parish was first mentioned in the 13th century. In 1530, Biel began forcing the entire Erguel region to accept the Protestant Reformation. This interference in local affairs pushed the residents of the valley to create an alliance with the town of Solothurn. In 1604 with Solothurn's support, the appeals court moved from Biel to Courtelary which brought limited self rule back to the valley. Two years later the seat of the Erguel Bailiwick moved to Courtelary's New Castle (which later became the town hall). During the Thirty Years' War, in 1639, the village was plundered and partially burned by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar's troops.[3]
In 1726, the Prince-Bishop of Basel, Johann Konrad von Reinach-Hirzbach, attempted to modernize and consolidate his extensive land holdings. He tried to sweep away the numerous local laws, customs and rights and replace them with a central government ruled according to the principles of enlightened absolutism. Riots and revolts against the new government broke out almost immediately in the Erguel valley and the region remained a center of anti-government activity.[4] In 1733 a meeting at the Courtelary Castle exploded into a riot and the Prince-Bishop's bailiff, Benoît-Aimé Mestrezat, was forced to flee the city. In 1792 and 1793, heavily influenced by the French Revolution, the revolutionary National Assembly of Erguel was established in Courtelary. Revolutionaries flocked to the town and established a short-lived Republic of Erguel. In 1797 the French invaded the lands of the Bishop of Basel and established the Canton of Courtelary with Courtelary as the capital. The Canton was initially part of the Department of Mont-Terrible followed by the Department of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat, in 1815, the Erguel region became part of the Canton of Bern. Courtelary was the capital of the District of Erguel until 1831 when it became the capital of the District of Courtelary.[3]
Courtelary remained a rural and agricultural town until the early 20th Century. The farms on the valley floor produced grain for local use. In contrast, the surrounding mountain pastures were used by Anabaptist sharecroppers to raise dairy cattle and other livestock. They then produced butter and cheese which they exported. In 1874 the Biel-Les Convers-La Chaux-de-Fonds railroad was built through the town. The lower transportation costs from the railroad allowed a wood pulp factory to be built in Courtelary. In 1935, the Camille Bloch chocolate factory moved into the old wood pulp building. Other than the chocolate factory, manufacturing developed very slowly in Courtelary. A few precision machine and watch parts factories were built during the early 20th century, but during the 1970s these industries declined. In the following decades the industrial sector rebounded and in 2000 about 47% of the working population worked in industry.[3]
Geography
Courtelary has an area of 22.21 km2 (8.58 sq mi).[5] Of this area, 11.39 km2 (4.40 sq mi) or 51.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 9.66 km2 (3.73 sq mi) or 43.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.99 km2 (0.38 sq mi) or 4.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.03 km2 (7.4 acres) or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 (4.9 acres) or 0.1% is unproductive land.[6]
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%. Out of the forested land, 37.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.7% is used for growing crops and 13.1% is pastures and 26.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.[6]
Courtelary consists of two sections, the main village down in the valley and a number of individual farms up (about 900 meters (3,000 ft) above sea level) on the mountains.
On 31 December 2009 it stopped being the capital of the District de Courtelary when it was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it became the capital of the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.[7]
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules on a Bend Argent three Linden Leaves pointing to base sinister.[8]
Demographics
Courtelary has a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 1,405.[9] As of 2010[update], 13.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[10] Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 13%. Migration accounted for 12.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 1.5%.[11]
Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks French (933 or 82.8%) as their first language, German is the second most common (125 or 11.1%) and Italian is the third (21 or 1.9%). There are 6 people who speak Romansh.[12]
As of 2008[update], the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. The population was made up of 527 Swiss men (41.5% of the population) and 88 (6.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 575 Swiss women (45.3%) and 80 (6.3%) non-Swiss women.[10] Of the population in the municipality, 321 or about 28.5% were born in Courtelary and lived there in 2000. There were 380 or 33.7% who were born in the same canton, while 210 or 18.6% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 162 or 14.4% were born outside of Switzerland.[12]
As of 2010[update], children and teenagers (0-19 years old) make up 24.9% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 56.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.8%.[11]
As of 2000[update], there were 440 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 545 married individuals, 73 widows or widowers and 69 individuals who are divorced.[12]
As of 2000[update], there were 134 households that consist of only one person and 36 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 451 apartments (80.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 69 apartments (12.3%) were seasonally occupied and 43 apartments (7.6%) were empty.[13] As of 2010[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 7.1 new units per 1000 residents.[11] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2011[update], was 1.76%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:[3][14]
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Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 33.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (28.3%), the Green Party (12.7%) and the FDP.The Liberals (9.3%). In the federal election, a total of 302 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 34.5%.[15]
Economy
As of 2011[update], Courtelary had an unemployment rate of 3.53%. As of 2008[update], there were a total of 610 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 64 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 24 businesses involved in this sector. 330 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 17 businesses in this sector. 216 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 36 businesses in this sector.[11] There were 6 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 50.0% of the workforce.
In 2008[update] there were a total of 532 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 43, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 312 of which 274 or (87.8%) were in manufacturing and 38 (12.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 177. In the tertiary sector; 25 or 14.1% were in trade, sale or the repair of motor vehicles, 4 or 2.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 18 or 10.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 21 or 11.9% were the insurance or financial industry, 8 or 4.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 14 or 7.9% were in education and 41 or 23.2% were in health care.[16]
In 2000[update], there were 342 workers who commuted into the municipality and 308 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 1.8% of the workforce coming into Courtelary are coming from outside Switzerland.[17] Of the working population, 13.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 51.5% used a private car.[11]
Religion
From the 2000 census[update], 269 or 23.9% were Roman Catholic, while 640 or 56.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 4 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.35% of the population), there were 6 individuals (or about 0.53% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 70 individuals (or about 6.21% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 31 (or about 2.75% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 11 individuals who were Buddhist and 1 person who was Hindu. 92 (or about 8.16% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 38 individuals (or about 3.37% of the population) did not answer the question.[12]
Weather
Courtelary has an average of 145.6 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1,317 mm (51.9 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is June during which time Courtelary receives an average of 126 mm (5.0 in) of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.9 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 14.9, but with only 121 mm (4.8 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is September with an average of 93 mm (3.7 in) of precipitation over 9.4 days.[18]
Education
In Courtelary about 378 or (33.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 115 or (10.2%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 115 who completed tertiary schooling, 74.8% were Swiss men, 19.1% were Swiss women.[12]
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.[19]
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 204 students attending classes in Courtelary. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 22 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 13.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 61 students. Of the primary students, 1.6% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 3.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 5 lower secondary classes with a total of 90 students. There were 3.3% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 5.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language.[20]
As of 2000[update], there were 97 students in Courtelary who came from another municipality, while 93 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[17]
Industry
The town is also well known for the Camille Bloch chocolate factory.
Famous residents
It is the place of birth of Swiss composer Paul Miche.
References
- ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
- ^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Courtelary in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ Troubles in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ^ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
- ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data Template:De icon accessed 25 March 2010
- ^ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz Template:De icon accessed 4 April 2011
- ^ Flags of the World.com accessed 26-September-2012
- ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ a b Statistical office of the Canton of Bern Template:De icon accessed 4 January 2012
- ^ a b c d e Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 26-September-2012
- ^ a b c d e STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 Template:De icon accessed 2 February 2011
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen Template:De icon accessed 28 January 2011
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Template:De icon accessed 29 January 2011
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2011 Election Template:De icon accessed 8 May 2012
- ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 Template:De icon accessed 28 January 2011
- ^ a b Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb Template:De icon accessed 24 June 2010
- ^ "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help), the Courtelary weather station elevation is 698 meters above sea level. - ^ EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010). Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 24 June 2010.
- ^ Schuljahr 2010/11 pdf documentTemplate:De icon accessed 4 January 2012
External links
- Courtelary in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
