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The '''Raid on York''' (also known as the '''Candlemas Massacre''') took place in 3 February 1692<ref> The raid is referred to as the "Candlemas Massacre" because [[Candlemas]] is traditionally celebrated by the by the [[Church of England]] on 2 February or the Sunday between January 28 and February 3 (In the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] day is marked on February 2, forty days after [[Christmas]]). Due to [[Old Style and New Style dates|the differences]] between the [[Julian calendar|Julian]] and [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] calendars. Three days after the attack [[Samuel Sewall]] recorded in his diary: "''Tuesday, Jan. 26, 1691/2'' [which is equivalent to February 6, 1692 in the Gregorian calendar] .... This day...news was brought of an Attack made by the Indians on York." (''The Diary of Samuel Sewall: Vol. 1, 1674-1708'', Farrar, Straus & Girous: New York, 1973, p. 287) Note that William Williamson in ''The History of the State of Maine'' Vol. 1 indicates that the date in 5 February 1692. However, he erronously suggests that this date is a Monday. (p.628)</ref> during [[King William's War]], when Chief [[Madockawando]] and Father [[Louis-Pierre Thury]] led 200-300 natives entered the town of [[York, Maine|York]] (then in the [[District of Maine]] and part of the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]], now in the [[U. S. state|state]] of [[Maine]]), killing about 100 of the [[English people|English]] settlers and burning down buildings, taking another estimated 80 villagers hostage. The villagers were forced to walk to [[Canada, New France]],<ref>[http://archive.seacoastonline.com/2001news/2_1maine2.htm Portsmouth Herald Maine News: York commemorates Candlemas Raid<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> where they were ransomed by Capt. [[John Alden (sailor)|John Alden Jr.]] of [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] (son of [[John Alden]] and [[Priscilla Mullins]] of the [[Plymouth Colony]]). (One of those taken Captive was a young Jeremiah Moulton, who would later gain notoriety during the [[Father Rale's War]].)<ref>http://biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=1549</ref> |
The '''Raid on York''' (also known as the '''Candlemas Massacre''') took place in 3 February 1692<ref> The raid is referred to as the "Candlemas Massacre" because [[Candlemas]] is traditionally celebrated by the by the [[Church of England]] on 2 February or the Sunday between January 28 and February 3 (In the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] day is marked on February 2, forty days after [[Christmas]]). Due to [[Old Style and New Style dates|the differences]] between the [[Julian calendar|Julian]] and [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] calendars. Three days after the attack [[Samuel Sewall]] recorded in his diary: "''Tuesday, Jan. 26, 1691/2'' [which is equivalent to February 6, 1692 in the Gregorian calendar] .... This day...news was brought of an Attack made by the Indians on York." (''The Diary of Samuel Sewall: Vol. 1, 1674-1708'', Farrar, Straus & Girous: New York, 1973, p. 287) Note that William Williamson in ''The History of the State of Maine'' Vol. 1 indicates that the date in 5 February 1692. However, he erronously suggests that this date is a Monday. (p.628)</ref> during [[King William's War]], when Chief [[Madockawando]] and Father [[Louis-Pierre Thury]] led 200-300 natives entered the town of [[York, Maine|York]] (then in the [[District of Maine]] and part of the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]], now in the [[U. S. state|state]] of [[Maine]]), killing about 100 of the [[English people|English]] settlers and burning down buildings, taking another estimated 80 villagers hostage. The villagers were forced to walk to [[Canada, New France]],<ref>[http://archive.seacoastonline.com/2001news/2_1maine2.htm Portsmouth Herald Maine News: York commemorates Candlemas Raid<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> where they were ransomed by Capt. [[John Alden (sailor)|John Alden Jr.]] of [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] (son of [[John Alden]] and [[Priscilla Mullins]] of the [[Plymouth Colony]]). (One of those taken Captive was a young Jeremiah Moulton, who would later gain notoriety during the [[Father Rale's War]].)<ref>http://biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=1549</ref> |
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Capt Floyd wrote that "the houses are all burned and rifled except the half dozen or thereabout"...later in the same letter he adds: "there is about seventeen or eighteen houses burned".<ref>HISTORY OF YORK; Charles E.Banks,Boston,1931 [Vol.1]....page 295</ref> |
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Amongst those killed was Revd. [[Shubael Dummer]], the Congregational church minister; Dummer was shot at his own front door, while Dummer's wife, Lydia and their son, were carried away captive where "through snows and hardships among those dragons of the desert she also quickly died"; nothing further was heard of the boy.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Family of Dummer |last= Dummer|first=Michael |year= June 2005|edition= 7th|chapter=5: Richard and Early Days in New England|publisher= |location= |isbn= |page=26|url= |accessdate=}}</ref> The Indians set fire to all undefended houses on the north side of the [[York River (Maine)|York River]], the principal route for trade and around which the town had grown. After the settlement was reduced to ashes, however, it was rebuilt on higher ground at what is today York Village. |
Amongst those killed was Revd. [[Shubael Dummer]], the Congregational church minister; Dummer was shot at his own front door, while Dummer's wife, Lydia and their son, were carried away captive where "through snows and hardships among those dragons of the desert she also quickly died"; nothing further was heard of the boy.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Family of Dummer |last= Dummer|first=Michael |year= June 2005|edition= 7th|chapter=5: Richard and Early Days in New England|publisher= |location= |isbn= |page=26|url= |accessdate=}}</ref> The Indians set fire to all undefended houses on the north side of the [[York River (Maine)|York River]], the principal route for trade and around which the town had grown. After the settlement was reduced to ashes, however, it was rebuilt on higher ground at what is today York Village. |
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Revision as of 10:14, 17 March 2012
| Raid on York (1692) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of King William's War | |||||||
 Memorial plaque in York, ME | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
New France Abenaki |
 English colonists | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Chief Madockawando, Father Louis-Pierre Thury[1] | Preble, Harman, Alcock, and Norton | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 200-300 Abenaki and Canadiens | |||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| unknown | 75 killed and 100 prisoners[2] | ||||||
The Raid on York (also known as the Candlemas Massacre) took place in 3 February 1692[3] during King William's War, when Chief Madockawando and Father Louis-Pierre Thury led 200-300 natives entered the town of York (then in the District of Maine and part of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, now in the state of Maine), killing about 100 of the English settlers and burning down buildings, taking another estimated 80 villagers hostage. The villagers were forced to walk to Canada, New France,[4] where they were ransomed by Capt. John Alden Jr. of Boston (son of John Alden and Priscilla Mullins of the Plymouth Colony). (One of those taken Captive was a young Jeremiah Moulton, who would later gain notoriety during the Father Rale's War.)[5]
Capt Floyd wrote that "the houses are all burned and rifled except the half dozen or thereabout"...later in the same letter he adds: "there is about seventeen or eighteen houses burned".[6]
Amongst those killed was Revd. Shubael Dummer, the Congregational church minister; Dummer was shot at his own front door, while Dummer's wife, Lydia and their son, were carried away captive where "through snows and hardships among those dragons of the desert she also quickly died"; nothing further was heard of the boy.[7] The Indians set fire to all undefended houses on the north side of the York River, the principal route for trade and around which the town had grown. After the settlement was reduced to ashes, however, it was rebuilt on higher ground at what is today York Village.
Today the event is commemorated annually in York, with historical re-enactments and lectures, events presented by the Old York Historical Society and sponsored in part by the Maine Humanities Council.
There is a memorial plaque in York on a large stone where, according to the plaque, Abenaki Indians left their snowshoes before creeping into York and attacking the settlers.
See also
References
Endnotes
- ^ http://battlefieldbiker.com/York-Maine-Settlers-Killed-by-Madockawando-25-January-1692
- ^ William Williamson. The History of the State of Maine. p. 629
- ^ The raid is referred to as the "Candlemas Massacre" because Candlemas is traditionally celebrated by the by the Church of England on 2 February or the Sunday between January 28 and February 3 (In the Catholic Church day is marked on February 2, forty days after Christmas). Due to the differences between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Three days after the attack Samuel Sewall recorded in his diary: "Tuesday, Jan. 26, 1691/2 [which is equivalent to February 6, 1692 in the Gregorian calendar] .... This day...news was brought of an Attack made by the Indians on York." (The Diary of Samuel Sewall: Vol. 1, 1674-1708, Farrar, Straus & Girous: New York, 1973, p. 287) Note that William Williamson in The History of the State of Maine Vol. 1 indicates that the date in 5 February 1692. However, he erronously suggests that this date is a Monday. (p.628)
- ^ Portsmouth Herald Maine News: York commemorates Candlemas Raid
- ^ http://biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=1549
- ^ HISTORY OF YORK; Charles E.Banks,Boston,1931 [Vol.1]....page 295
- ^ Dummer, Michael (June 2005). "5: Richard and Early Days in New England". The Family of Dummer (7th ed.). p. 26.
Texts
- Clayton, W. W. "History of York County, Maine. With illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers", 1888. p. 51
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