Anamalai Tiger Reserve

Anamalai Tiger Reserve Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park Anaimalai Tiger Reserve Top Slip
national park
Established	1976
Website	www.forests.tn.nic.in/WildBiodiversity/np_ignp.html

Welcome to Anamalai Tiger Reserve

Athioda stream at the park

Map of Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park

Jambu Malai

Akka Malai (at rear) at top of Bison Ridge

Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park (IGWLS&NP) is a protected area located in the Anaimalai Hills of Pollachi, Valparai and Udumalpet taluks of Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu state, South India.

Etymology

The park is named after Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who visited the park on October 7, 1961. It is often called "Topslip", a village in the northeast corner of the park which is the main visitor center. This name is derived from the local 19th century practice of sliding Teak timber logs down the hills from here.

History

The 108 square kilometres (42 sq mi) National Park is the core area of the 958 square kilometres (370 sq mi) Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, formerly called Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary. It was notified as a sanctuary in 1974. 108 square kilometres (42 sq mi) of its unique habitats at 3 places - Karian Shola, Grass hills, Manjampatti Valley were notified as a National Park in 1989. IGWS was declared a Project Tiger tiger reserve in 2008.

The Park and the Sanctuary is under consideration by UNESCO as part of The Western Ghats World Heritage site. The Sanctuary and the Palni Hills in Dindigul District form the Anaimalai Conservation Area.

Geography

The sanctuary has six administrative ranges, Pollachi: Range Head Quarters at Anaimalai Farm: 109.72 km², Vaalpaarai: Water Falls: 171.50 km², Ulandy: Top Slip: 75.93 km², Amaravathi: Amaravathi Nagar: 172.50 km², Udumalpet: 290.18 km². IGWLS is adjacent to Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary to the west. Manjampatti Valley is a 110± km² drainage basin at the eastern end of the park.

Altitude ranges between 340 metres (1,120 ft) to 2,513 metres (8,245 ft) above sea level. There are several named peaks over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in the park, including:

Local name	Height	Location
Akka Malai	2,483 metres (8,146 ft)	10°20′43″N 77°4′10″E
Tangachi Malai	2,380 metres (7,810 ft)	10°20′46″N 77°3′38″E
Thanakku Malai	2,170 metres (7,120 ft)	10°22′22″N 77°4′44″E
Sadayandi Malai	2,240 metres (7,350 ft)	10°19′28″N 77°6′7″E
Kazhuthasuthi Malai	2,250 metres (7,380 ft)	10°19′38″N 77°5′21″E
Kallar Malai	2,270 metres (7,450 ft)	10°18′48″N 77°4′40″E
Jambu Malai	1,395 metres (4,577 ft)	10°15′51″N 77°15′48″E
Pappalamman Malai	2,201 metres (7,221 ft)	10°17′29″N 77°21′04″E
Vellari Malai	2,219 metres (7,280 ft)	10°15′46″N 77°20′56″E
Podu Malai	2,230 metres (7,320 ft)	10°18′44″N 77°5′16″E
Unknown at Kilanavayal	2,350 metres (7,710 ft)	10°14′55″N 77°21′22″E
Paratumba	2,370 metres (7,780 ft)	10°13′39″N 77°17′24″E
Kalabhaathur Malai	2,066 metres (6,778 ft)	10°14′09″N 77°16′13″E
Kadavaari	2,112 metres (6,929 ft)	10°13′40″N 77°17′24″E

Mean annual rainfall is between 500 millimetres (20 in) in the south western fringes to 4,500 millimetres (180 in) on the north east.

Tribal Communities

The IGWS has significant anthropological diversity with more than 4600 Adivasi people from six tribes of indigenous people living in 34 settlements. The tribes are the Kadars, Malasars, Malaimalasars, Pulaiyars, Muduvars and the Eravallan (Eravalar).

Fauna

Threatened species of mammals in the sanctuary include:

• the endangered Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, Dhole (Asiatic wild dog), Nilgiri tahr and Lion-tailed macaque,
• the vulnerable Brown Mongoose, Gaur, Malabar Spiny Dormouse, Nilgiri langur, Rusty-spotted cat, Sambar Deer, Sloth bear and Smooth-coated Otter,
• the near threatened Indian Giant Squirrel, Indian Leopard and Indian Pangolin.

Animals of least concern here include: Golden jackal, Leopard cat, Jungle cat, Spotted deer, Barking Deer, Mouse Deer, Wild Boar, Common langur, Bonnet macaque, Asian Palm Civet, Small Indian Civet, Indian Gray Mongoose, Striped-necked Mongoose, Ruddy Mongoose, Grey Slender Loris, Indian Giant Squirrel, Indian Crested Porcupine, Indian Pangolin, Indian porcupine and Three-striped Palm Squirrel.

Over 250 species of birds have been identified in the Park . Some of the most important groups include, cormorants, ducks, teal, darter, partridge, quail, jungle fowl, spurfowl, Indian peafowl, parakeets, hornbills, barbets, drongos, orioles, shrikes, warblers, Old World flycatchers, woodpeckers, chloropsis, trogons, kingfishers, storks, egrets, fish eagle, hawk eagles, harriers, falcons, kites, owls and nightjars.

It is home to 15 of 16 species of birds endemic to the Western Ghats.

Reptiles include Toads, Spotted Leaping Frog and Leith's Leaping Frog, Black Torrent Frogs, tree frogs, Pythons, Cobras, Kraits, Vipers, Grass Snakes, Forest Cane Turtles, Travancore Tortoises, Flapshell Turtless, Star Tortoises, Flying lizards, Chameleons and Forest Lizards.

315 species of butterflies belonging to five families have been identified in the Anaimalai Hills. 44 are endemic to the Western Ghats.

Anaimalai Tiger Reserve

The Steering Committee of Project Tiger granted approval in principle to inclusion of Indira Gandhi WLS and NP under Project Tiger in 2005. IGWS was declared a Project Tiger sanctuary in 2008. Continuance of Project Tiger’ in Anamalai Tiger Reserve for FY 2010/11, at the cost of Rs. 235.47 Lakhs, was approved by the National Tiger Conservation Authority on 31 August 2010.

Kozhikamudhi Elephant Camp

Tourists with Kumki elephant from Kozhikamudhi Elephant Camp after Elephant Pongal at Top Slip

Elephants were earlier trained and used at Anamalai for timber operations till felling of trees was stopped in 1972. The elephant camp has become a popular public attraction since 1976. There are 20 kumki elephants at the Kozhikamudhi Elephant Camp in the IGWSNP. There are 13 tuskers (including three calves) and seven cow elephants. The names and ages of twelve of the working elephants are: Vijayalakshmi (58), Sarada (56), Nanjan (50), Kaleem (45), Paari (31), Kalpana (30), Venkatesh (28), Karthik (27), Bharani (25), Durga (13), Rajvardhan (11) and Suyambu (4).

In 1997, annual celebration of Elephant Pongal at Top Slip was begun. For Pongal, several decorated elephants stand in front of the Pongal pot to mark the commencement of the celebration. The elephants are fed chakkarai pongal, banana and sugarcane while lined up behind a barricade, so tourists can have a close look. In 2011, Elephant Pongal was celebrated on January 18.

On February 24, 2011 the Kumki Karthik was gored to death by two wild male elephants after it unchained itself in the camp and escaped into the forest. The elephant was in musth and was in search of a female companion. It was gored by the two elephants possibly because Karthik entered their habitation leading to a territorial conflict.

Flora

Shola/grassland complex at Grass Hills, Indira Gandhi National Park

The park is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna typical of the South Western Ghats. There are over 2000 species plants of which about 400 species are of prime medicinal value. The diverse topography and rainfall gradient allow a wide variety of vegetation comprising a mix of natural and man-made habitats. The former includes wet evergreen forest and semi-evergreen forest, montane shola-grassland, moist deciduous, dry deciduous, thorn forests and marshes. Tropical wet evergreen forest is found at an altitude of 600m to 1,600m.

Tropical montane forests occur at higher elevations and are interspersed with montane grasslands, forming the shola-grassland complex. Much of the original evergreen forest now contains introduced teak plantations. Bamboo stands and reeds occur in the natural forests. Tree cover is provided by Hopea parviflora, Mesua ferrea, Calophyllum tomentosum, Vateria indica, Cullenia excelsa and Mangifera indica, Machilus macrantha, Alstonia scholaris, Evodia meliaefolia, Ailanthus and Malabaricum and Eucalyptus grandis. The area is home to Podocarpus wallichianus, a rare South Indian species of conifer.

Visitor Information

IGWS&NP, Grass Hills area, Konalar Hut 10°19′22″N 77°04′17″E

The IGWLS is managed by the Wildlife Warden (Wildlife Warden Office, 178 Meenkarai Road, Pollachi, Ph: 04259-225356) and falls within the administrative control of the Coimbatore Forest Circle headed by the Conservator of Forests, Coimbatore.

Travel by road from Coimbatore to Pollachi (40 km) to the Wildlife Warden's Office for visitor permit and then by road to Top Slip (35 km), or to Udumalpet (40 km - Amaravathi and Udumalpet range), or to Vaalparai (65 km - Vaalparai and Manamboly range)

The ideal months to visit the Park are May to January. Entry time is between 6 am and 6 pm. The Park has a large tourist complex at Top Slip that houses many cottages, rooms, and dormitories for visitors. Visitors can get around the park by trekking and a safari van.