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Fort St. Louis was located in Villagedale, Nova Scotia. The Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada erroneously asserts that Fort Saint Louis is located at [[Port La Tour, Nova Scotia]]. The fort at Port La Tour was Fort Lomeron (also known as Fort La Tour). <ref>http://www.museeacadien.ca/english/archives/articles/43.htm</ref>
Fort St. Louis was located in Villagedale, Nova Scotia. The Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada erroneously asserts that Fort Saint Louis is located at [[Port La Tour, Nova Scotia]]. The fort at Port La Tour was Fort Lomeron (also known as Fort La Tour). <ref>http://www.museeacadien.ca/english/archives/articles/43.htm</ref>

===French Colony===
Cape Sable and [[Cape Negro, Nova Scotia]] were first settled by the Acadians who migrated from [[Port Royal, Nova Scotia]] in 1620.<ref>M. A. MacDonald. Fortune and La Tour. Methuen Press. 1983.p.14</ref> The French governor of Acadia, [[Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour|Charles de la Tour]], colonized Cap de Sable giving it the present name, meaning Sandy Cape.<ref>[http://www.gov.ns.ca/nsarm/cap/places/page.asp?ID=108 ''Place Names of Nova Scotia'' Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management]</ref> La Tour built up a strong post at Cap de Sable beginning in 1623, called Fort Lomeron in honour of David Lomeron who was his agent in France. (The fur trading post called Fort Lomeron was later renamed Fort La Tour although identified as Fort Saint-Louis in the writings of Samuel de Champlain.) Here he carried on a sizable trade in furs with the Mi'kmaq and farmed the land.

During the [[Anglo-French War (1627–1629)]] , under [[Charles 1]], by 1629 the [[David Kirke|Kirkes]] took [[Quebec City]], Sir James Stewart of Killeith, [[Lord Ochiltree]] planted a colony on [[Cape Breton Island]] at [[Baleine, Nova Scotia|Baleine]], and Alexander’s son, [[William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling]] established the first incarnation of [[Nova Scotia|“New Scotland”]] at [[Port Royal, Nova Scotia]]. This set of British triumphs in what had otherwise been a disastrous war was not destined to last. Charles 1’s hast to make peace with France on the terms most beneficial to him meant that the new North American gains would be bargained away in the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632)]].<ref>Nichols, 2010. p. xix</ref> There were three battles in Nova Scotia during the colonization of Scots: one at [[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]]; another battle at [[Baleine, Nova Scotia|Balene]], Cape Breton; and one on Cape Sable Island.

==== Siege of 1630 ====
In 1627, as a result of these Scottish victories, Cape Sable was the only major French holding in North America.<ref>Roger Sarty and Doug Knight. Saint John Fortifications: 1630-1956. New Brunswick Military Heritage Series. 2003. p. 18</ref> There was a battle between Charles and his father at Fort St. Louis (See [http://ns1763.ca/shelbco/fortstlouis.html National Historic Site - Fort St. Louis]), the latter supporting the Scottish who had taken [[Port Royal, Nova Scotia]]. The battle lasted two days. Claude was forced to withdraw in humiliation to Port Royal.<ref>Nicholls, 2010, p. 139</ref>

As a result, La Tour appealed to the King of France for assistance and was appointed lieutenant-general in Acadia in 1631.<ref>Roger Sarty and Doug Knight. Saint John Fortifications: 1630-1956. Goose Lane Editions. 2003. p. 18</ref>

By 1641, La Tour lost Cape Sable Island, Pentagouet ([[Castine, Maine]]), and [[Port Royal, Nova Scotia]] to Governor of Acadia [[Charles de Menou d'Aulnay]] de Charnisay.<ref>M. A. MacDonald. La Tour and Fortune. p. 89</ref>

La Tour retired to Cap de Sable with his third wife Jeanne Motin, wed in 1653, and died in 1666.<ref>[http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=254&interval=20&&PHPSESSID=1gb4rv4uhfqta7j7rekdtfv5n0 ''Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour'' Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online]</ref>

===Dummer's War===
During [[Dummer's War]], there were numerous attacks on New England fishing vessels. As an important landfall and base for seasonal New England fishing vessels working the rich fishing banks of Southwestern Nova Scotia, Cape Sable attracted several waves of pirate attacks in the [[Golden Age of Piracy]]. Pirates [[Ned Low]] and [[John Phillips (pirate)|John Phillips]] raided fishing vessels off Cape Sable and Phillips met his death off the Cape in 1723.<ref>[[Dan Conlin]], ''Pirates of the Atlantic'' (2009), Halifax: Formac Publishing, p. 34, 44, 52</ref>

===French and Indian War===
The British [[Siege of Port Royal (1710)|Conquest of Acadia]] happened in 1710. Over the next forty-five years the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During this time period Acadians participated in various militia operations against the British and maintained vital supply lines to the French Fortress of Louisbourg and Fort Beausejour.<ref>John Grenier, Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia 1710-1760. Oklahoma University Press. 2008 </ref> The Acadians and Mi'kmaq from Cape Sable Island raided the protestants at [[Raid on Lunenburg (1756)|Lunenburg]], Nova Scotia numerous times.

During the [[French and Indian War]], the British sought to neutralize any military threat Acadians posed and to interrupt the vital supply lines Acadians provided to Louisbourg by [[Expulsion of the Acadians|deporting Acadians from Acadia]].<ref>Stephen E. Patterson. "Indian-White Relations in Nova Scotia, 1749-61: A Study in Political Interaction." Buckner, P, Campbell, G. and Frank, D. (eds). The Acadiensis Reader Vol 1: Atlantic Canada Before Confederation. 1998. pp.105-106.; Also see Stephen Patterson, Colonial Wars and Aboriginal Peoples, p. 144.</ref> In April 1756, Major Preble and his New England troops, on their return to Boston, raided a settlement near [[Port La Tour, Nova Scotia|Port La Tour]] and captured 72 men, women and children.<ref> Winthrop Bell. Foreign Protestants, University of Toronto, 1961, p. 504; Peter Landry. ''The Lion and the Lily'', Trafford Press. 2007.p. 555</ref>

In the late summer of 1758, the British launched three large offensives against the Acadians. One was the [[St. John River Campaign]], another was the [[Petitcodiac River Campaign]], and the other was against the Acadians at Cape Sable Island. Major Henry Fletcher led the 35th regiment and a company of [[Joseph Gorham]]'s Rangers to Cape Sable Island. He cordoned off the cape and sent his men through it. One hundred Acadians and Father Jean Baptistee de Gray surrendered, while about 130 Acadians and seven Mi'kmaq escaped. The Acadian prisoners were taken to [[Georges Island (Nova Scotia)|Georges Island]] in Halifax Harbour.<ref>John Grenier, ''The Far Reaches of Empire'', Oklahoma Press. 2008. p. 198</ref>

En route to the [[St. John River Campaign]] in September 1758, Moncton sent Major Roger Morris, in command of two men-of-war and transport ships with 325 soldiers, to deport more Acadians. On October 28, his troops sent the women and children to Georges Island. The men were kept behind and forced to work with troops to destroy their village. On October 31, they were also sent to Halifax.<ref>Marshall, p. 98; see also Bell. ''Foreign Protestants''. p. 512</ref> In the spring of 1759, Joseph Gorham and his rangers arrived to take prisoner the remaining 151 Acadians. They reached Georges Island with them on June 29.<ref>Marshall, p. 98; Peter Landry. ''The Lion and the Lily,'' Trafford Press. 2007. p. 555</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 17:00, 29 July 2011

Villagedale
Community
Country Canada
Province Nova Scotia
CountyShelburne
Municipal districtBarrington
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-3 (ADT)
Area code902
Access Routes Route 309

Villagedale is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Barrington Municipal District of Shelburne County.[3]

Fort St. Louis was located in Villagedale, Nova Scotia. The Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada erroneously asserts that Fort Saint Louis is located at Port La Tour, Nova Scotia. The fort at Port La Tour was Fort Lomeron (also known as Fort La Tour). [4]

French Colony

Cape Sable and Cape Negro, Nova Scotia were first settled by the Acadians who migrated from Port Royal, Nova Scotia in 1620.[5] The French governor of Acadia, Charles de la Tour, colonized Cap de Sable giving it the present name, meaning Sandy Cape.[6] La Tour built up a strong post at Cap de Sable beginning in 1623, called Fort Lomeron in honour of David Lomeron who was his agent in France. (The fur trading post called Fort Lomeron was later renamed Fort La Tour although identified as Fort Saint-Louis in the writings of Samuel de Champlain.) Here he carried on a sizable trade in furs with the Mi'kmaq and farmed the land.

During the Anglo-French War (1627–1629) , under Charles 1, by 1629 the Kirkes took Quebec City, Sir James Stewart of Killeith, Lord Ochiltree planted a colony on Cape Breton Island at Baleine, and Alexander’s son, William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling established the first incarnation of “New Scotland” at Port Royal, Nova Scotia. This set of British triumphs in what had otherwise been a disastrous war was not destined to last. Charles 1’s hast to make peace with France on the terms most beneficial to him meant that the new North American gains would be bargained away in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632).[7] There were three battles in Nova Scotia during the colonization of Scots: one at Saint John; another battle at Balene, Cape Breton; and one on Cape Sable Island.

Siege of 1630

In 1627, as a result of these Scottish victories, Cape Sable was the only major French holding in North America.[8] There was a battle between Charles and his father at Fort St. Louis (See National Historic Site - Fort St. Louis), the latter supporting the Scottish who had taken Port Royal, Nova Scotia. The battle lasted two days. Claude was forced to withdraw in humiliation to Port Royal.[9]

As a result, La Tour appealed to the King of France for assistance and was appointed lieutenant-general in Acadia in 1631.[10]

By 1641, La Tour lost Cape Sable Island, Pentagouet (Castine, Maine), and Port Royal, Nova Scotia to Governor of Acadia Charles de Menou d'Aulnay de Charnisay.[11]

La Tour retired to Cap de Sable with his third wife Jeanne Motin, wed in 1653, and died in 1666.[12]

Dummer's War

During Dummer's War, there were numerous attacks on New England fishing vessels. As an important landfall and base for seasonal New England fishing vessels working the rich fishing banks of Southwestern Nova Scotia, Cape Sable attracted several waves of pirate attacks in the Golden Age of Piracy. Pirates Ned Low and John Phillips raided fishing vessels off Cape Sable and Phillips met his death off the Cape in 1723.[13]

French and Indian War

The British Conquest of Acadia happened in 1710. Over the next forty-five years the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During this time period Acadians participated in various militia operations against the British and maintained vital supply lines to the French Fortress of Louisbourg and Fort Beausejour.[14] The Acadians and Mi'kmaq from Cape Sable Island raided the protestants at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia numerous times.

During the French and Indian War, the British sought to neutralize any military threat Acadians posed and to interrupt the vital supply lines Acadians provided to Louisbourg by deporting Acadians from Acadia.[15] In April 1756, Major Preble and his New England troops, on their return to Boston, raided a settlement near Port La Tour and captured 72 men, women and children.[16]

In the late summer of 1758, the British launched three large offensives against the Acadians. One was the St. John River Campaign, another was the Petitcodiac River Campaign, and the other was against the Acadians at Cape Sable Island. Major Henry Fletcher led the 35th regiment and a company of Joseph Gorham's Rangers to Cape Sable Island. He cordoned off the cape and sent his men through it. One hundred Acadians and Father Jean Baptistee de Gray surrendered, while about 130 Acadians and seven Mi'kmaq escaped. The Acadian prisoners were taken to Georges Island in Halifax Harbour.[17]

En route to the St. John River Campaign in September 1758, Moncton sent Major Roger Morris, in command of two men-of-war and transport ships with 325 soldiers, to deport more Acadians. On October 28, his troops sent the women and children to Georges Island. The men were kept behind and forced to work with troops to destroy their village. On October 31, they were also sent to Halifax.[18] In the spring of 1759, Joseph Gorham and his rangers arrived to take prisoner the remaining 151 Acadians. They reached Georges Island with them on June 29.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b 2006 Statistics Canada Community Profile: Barrington Municipal District, Nova Scotia
  2. ^ Nova Scotia Geographical Names: Villagedale
  3. ^ Government of Nova Scotia website: Community Counts
  4. ^ http://www.museeacadien.ca/english/archives/articles/43.htm
  5. ^ M. A. MacDonald. Fortune and La Tour. Methuen Press. 1983.p.14
  6. ^ Place Names of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management
  7. ^ Nichols, 2010. p. xix
  8. ^ Roger Sarty and Doug Knight. Saint John Fortifications: 1630-1956. New Brunswick Military Heritage Series. 2003. p. 18
  9. ^ Nicholls, 2010, p. 139
  10. ^ Roger Sarty and Doug Knight. Saint John Fortifications: 1630-1956. Goose Lane Editions. 2003. p. 18
  11. ^ M. A. MacDonald. La Tour and Fortune. p. 89
  12. ^ Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
  13. ^ Dan Conlin, Pirates of the Atlantic (2009), Halifax: Formac Publishing, p. 34, 44, 52
  14. ^ John Grenier, Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia 1710-1760. Oklahoma University Press. 2008
  15. ^ Stephen E. Patterson. "Indian-White Relations in Nova Scotia, 1749-61: A Study in Political Interaction." Buckner, P, Campbell, G. and Frank, D. (eds). The Acadiensis Reader Vol 1: Atlantic Canada Before Confederation. 1998. pp.105-106.; Also see Stephen Patterson, Colonial Wars and Aboriginal Peoples, p. 144.
  16. ^ Winthrop Bell. Foreign Protestants, University of Toronto, 1961, p. 504; Peter Landry. The Lion and the Lily, Trafford Press. 2007.p. 555
  17. ^ John Grenier, The Far Reaches of Empire, Oklahoma Press. 2008. p. 198
  18. ^ Marshall, p. 98; see also Bell. Foreign Protestants. p. 512
  19. ^ Marshall, p. 98; Peter Landry. The Lion and the Lily, Trafford Press. 2007. p. 555

External links




43°31′26″N 65°32′42″W / 43.52389°N 65.54500°W / 43.52389; -65.54500 (Villagedale, Nova Scotia)

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