Aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami: Difference between revisions

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There is a need for temporary housing, as the Japanese government are trying to remove evacuees from large shelters, where there have been reports of poor sanitary conditions. As of late March, 8 800 temporary units were planned in Iwate, 10,000 in Miyagi, and 19,000 in Fukushima.<ref>Fujimura, Naoko. (2011-03-28) [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-28/japan-starts-to-rebuild-after-quake-as-evacuees-told-to-avoid-power-plant.html Japan Moves to Relocate Quake Victims After Meeting Food, Clothing Targets]. Bloomberg. Retrieved on 2011-04-01.</ref>
There is a need for temporary housing, as the Japanese government are trying to remove evacuees from large shelters, where there have been reports of poor sanitary conditions. As of late March, 8 800 temporary units were planned in Iwate, 10,000 in Miyagi, and 19,000 in Fukushima.<ref>Fujimura, Naoko. (2011-03-28) [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-28/japan-starts-to-rebuild-after-quake-as-evacuees-told-to-avoid-power-plant.html Japan Moves to Relocate Quake Victims After Meeting Food, Clothing Targets]. Bloomberg. Retrieved on 2011-04-01.</ref>

==Nuclear accidents==
[[File:Fukushima I by Digital Globe.jpg|thumb|Three of the reactors at [[Fukushima I nuclear accidents|Fukushima I]] overheated, causing [[nuclear meltdown|meltdowns]] that eventually led to explosions, which released large amounts of [[radioactive]] material into the air.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/02/world/asia/02japan.html?_r=1&ref=world |title=Report Finds Japan Underestimated Tsunami Danger |author=Martin Fackler |date=June 1, 2011 |work=New York Times }}</ref>]]

Following the earthquake, tsunami, and failure of cooling systems at [[Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant]] and [[2011 Japanese nuclear incidents|issues concerning other nuclear facilities]] in Japan on March 11, 2011, a nuclear emergency was declared. This was the first time a nuclear emergency had been declared in Japan, and 140,000 residents within {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=on}} of the plant were evacuated.<ref name=bi-emergency>{{cite news|last=Weisenthal|first=Joe|title=Japan Declares Nuclear Emergency, As Cooling System Fails At Power Plant|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/fukushima-nuclear-plant-2011-3|accessdate=11 March 2011|newspaper=Business Insider|date=11 March 2011}}</ref> Explosions and a fire have resulted in dangerous levels of [[radiation]], sparking a stock market collapse and panic-buying in supermarkets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1500862/Blasts-escalate-Japan's-nuclear-crisis |title=Blasts escalate Japan's nuclear crisis |date=March 16, 2011 |work=World News Australia }}</ref> The UK, France and some other countries advised their nationals to consider leaving Tokyo, in response to fears of spreading nuclear contamination. The accidents have drawn attention to ongoing concerns over [[Nuclear_power_in_Japan#Seismicity|Japanese nuclear seismic design standards]] and caused other governments to [[International_reaction_to_Fukushima_I_nuclear_accidents#Re-evaluation_of_existing_nuclear_energy_programs|re-evaluate their nuclear programs]]. As of April 2011, water is still being poured into the damaged reactors to cool melting fuel rods. John Price, a former member of the Safety Policy Unit at the UK's National Nuclear Corporation, has said that it "might be 100 years before melting fuel rods can be safely removed from Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/04/01/3179487.htm |title=Crews 'facing 100-year battle' at Fukushima |author=David Mark, Mark Willacy |date=April 1, 2011 |work=ABC News }}</ref>


==Economic impact==
==Economic impact==
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==Response in Japan==
==Response in Japan==

===Government===
===Government===
[[File:PM Kan visits JSDF and service members at Ishanomaki High School Image 2 of 6.jpg|thumb|200px|On April 11, Prime Minister Naoto Kan was briefed about the state of Ishinomaki Commercial High School in [[Ishinomaki, Miyagi]] by Lt. Gen. Yuji Kuno, the Commander of the 6th Division of the [[Japan Ground Self Defense Force]]]]
[[File:PM Kan visits JSDF and service members at Ishanomaki High School Image 2 of 6.jpg|thumb|200px|On April 11, Prime Minister Naoto Kan was briefed about the state of Ishinomaki Commercial High School in [[Ishinomaki, Miyagi]] by Lt. Gen. Yuji Kuno, the Commander of the 6th Division of the [[Japan Ground Self Defense Force]]]]

Revision as of 05:53, 11 June 2011

A convoy of fire engines in the tsunami zone

The aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami included both a humanitarian crisis and massive economic impacts. The tsunami created over 300,000 refugees in the Tōhoku region, and resulted in shortages of food, water, shelter, medicine and fuel for survivors. In response to the crisis, the Japanese government mobilized the Self-Defence Forces, whilst many countries sent search and rescue teams to help search for survivors. Aid organizations both in Japan and worldwide also responded, with the Japanese Red Cross reporting $1 billion in donations. The economic impact included both immediate problems, with industrial production suspended in many factories, and the longer term issue of the cost of rebuilding which has been estimated at ¥10 trillion ($122 billion).

A further serious impact of the tsunami was the critical damage done to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station, resulting in severe radiation leaks and the prospect of a long-term health and environmental hazard in need of an expensive cleanup.

Humanitarian crisis

Emergency housing under construction in Shichigahama

The earthquake caused a large number of displaced people. The number of the evacuees has once passed 300,000.[1] Some earthquake survivors died in the shelters or in the process of evacuation. Many shelters struggle to feed evacuees and are not medically sufficiently equipped.[2][3]

Fuel shortages hampered relief actions. In the first week after the earthquake, supplies of food, water, and medicine had been held up because of a fuel shortage and the weather condition.[4] Food was limited for some unevacuated people, and as of late March, some were given one meal a day.[5]

There is a need for temporary housing, as the Japanese government are trying to remove evacuees from large shelters, where there have been reports of poor sanitary conditions. As of late March, 8 800 temporary units were planned in Iwate, 10,000 in Miyagi, and 19,000 in Fukushima.[6]

Nuclear accidents

Three of the reactors at Fukushima I overheated, causing meltdowns that eventually led to explosions, which released large amounts of radioactive material into the air.[7]

Following the earthquake, tsunami, and failure of cooling systems at Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant and issues concerning other nuclear facilities in Japan on March 11, 2011, a nuclear emergency was declared. This was the first time a nuclear emergency had been declared in Japan, and 140,000 residents within 20 km (12 mi) of the plant were evacuated.[8] Explosions and a fire have resulted in dangerous levels of radiation, sparking a stock market collapse and panic-buying in supermarkets.[9] The UK, France and some other countries advised their nationals to consider leaving Tokyo, in response to fears of spreading nuclear contamination. The accidents have drawn attention to ongoing concerns over Japanese nuclear seismic design standards and caused other governments to re-evaluate their nuclear programs. As of April 2011, water is still being poured into the damaged reactors to cool melting fuel rods. John Price, a former member of the Safety Policy Unit at the UK's National Nuclear Corporation, has said that it "might be 100 years before melting fuel rods can be safely removed from Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant".[10]

Economic impact

Shoppers queue to buy supplies after the earthquake

Following the earthquake some analysts were predicting that the total recovery costs could reach ¥10 trillion ($122 billion),[11] however by April 12 the Japanese government estimated that the cost of just the direct material damage could exceed ¥25 trillion ($300 billion).[12] Japan's real gross domestic product contracted 3.7% for the quarter of January to March 2011.[13]

The northern Tōhoku region, which was most affected, accounts for about 8% of the country's gross domestic product, with factories that manufacture products such as cars and beer, as well as energy infrastructure.[14] It includes the northern Miyagi prefecture, where Sendai is located, about 300 km (180 miles) northeast of Tokyo. The Miyagi area includes manufacturing and industrial zones with chemical and electronics plants. It is estimated that Miyagi accounts for 1.7% of Japan's gross domestic product.[15]

An estimated 23,600 hectares of farmland, mostly rice paddies, were damaged by the tsunami. Salt left in the soil by the seawater could adversely affect rice crops for years. The affected area accounts for as much as 3-4% of Japan's rice production.[16]

An estimated 90% of the 29,000 fishing boats in Miyagi, Iwate, and Fukushima prefectures were rendered unusable by the tsunami.[17] Miyagi Prefecture's fishing industry was almost completely destroyed. Twelve thousand of 13,000 registered fishing boats in the prefecture were destroyed or damaged. Four hundred forty fishermen were killed or missing. The damage to the prefecture's fishing industry is estimated at ¥400 billion (US$5 billion).[18]

The earthquake and tsunami have had significant immediate impacts on businesses such as Toyota, Nissan and Honda, which completely suspended auto production until 14 March. Nippon Steel Corporation also suspended production, Toyo Tire & Rubber Company and Sumitomo Rubber Industries shuttered their tire and rubber production lines, while GS Yuasa closed its automotive battery production. This was expected to hinder supply availability for automakers.[19] Tokyo Electric Power Company, Toshiba, East Japan Railway Company and Shin-Etsu Chemical were suggested as the most vulnerable companies as a result of the earthquake.[20] Sony also suspended production at all its six plants in the area, while Fuji Heavy Industries discontinued production at most of its factories in the Gunma and the Tochigi Prefectures.[21] Other factories suspending operations include Kirin Holdings, GlaxoSmithKline, Nestlé[22] and Toyota amid power cuts.[23] The factory shutdowns, power cuts and the consequent presumed impact on consumer confidence could hurt the national GDP for several months, although economist Michael Boskin predicts "only minimal impact on the Japanese economy overall."[14][24] Following threats of further nuclear leaks, Blackstone Group LP, Continental AG and Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) were said to be moving their staff outside Japan.[25] Toyota plans to recommence hybrid production, including the Prius, Lexus HS, and Lexus CT, on March 28. Honda has said that their two Japanese factories will remain closed until April 3.[26] On 24 March, Nissan said it may move some engine production to the United States due to earthquake damage in Japan. Also on 24 March, IHS Inc. automobile analyst Paul Newton predicted U.S. plants could experience parts shortages by mid-April, and that automobile production worldwide could drop by 30%. Toyota expected some shutdowns in North America but these would be temporary since many needed parts were shipped prior to the earthquake.[27][28]

Some items sell out at a Tokyo store

Chief economist for Japan at Credit Suisse, Hiromichi Shirakawa, said in a note to clients that the estimated economic loss may be around $171–183 billion just to the region which was hit by the quake and tsunami. On 14 March, the Bank of Japan, in an attempt to maintain market stability,[29][30] injected 15 trillion yen into the money markets to assure financial stability amid a plunge in stocks and surge in credit risk. After it set up an emergency task force to ensure liquidity in the aftermath of the disaster, governor Masaaki Shirakawa and the bank's board also enlarged a programme to buy government bonds to exchange-traded funds to the tune of 10 trillion yen. The BOJ chief told reporters cash injections will continue as needed.[31] However, following the further nuclear leaks, its actions were read by the market as insufficient[32] despite 8 trillion yen being pumped into the market.[33] On 15 March, the Topix index fell again marking a two-day plunge not seen since 1987 as Japan's default risk surged after Prime Minister Naoto Kan warned of further leaks from the damaged nuclear power plant. Commodities were also significantly lower.[34] Residents of Tokyo were also reported to have gone on a panic shopping spree as daily necessities were sought after and gasoline was stocked up with the increasing risk of nuclear radiation leaks.[35]

Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano has said that Japan's government will convene on 13 March to gauge the economic effects of the catastrophe.[36] He also told NHK Television that about 200 billion yen that was remaining from the budget for the concurrent fiscal year that would end on 31 March would be used to fund the immediate recovery efforts. Additional measures could also hurt Japan's public debt (which is already the highest in the world). This additional spending could hurt demand for government bonds.[14]

Silicon wafer production has been suspended at factories owned by Shin-Etsu Chemical and MEMC Electronic Materials, which together account for 25% of the global silicon wafer production. The suspension is expected to drastically impact semiconductor production, which is contingent on wafer availability.[37][38]

Some economic analysts consider that, ultimately, the catastrophe will improve Japan's economy, with increased job availability during restoration efforts. An analyst at JPMorgan Chase, citing the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in the San Francisco Bay Area and the Southern California 1994 Northridge earthquake, noted that natural disasters "do eventually boost output." An analyst at Société Générale anticipated that Japan's economy will decline in March but will revive powerfully in subsequent months. After the Kobe earthquake, industrial output dropped 2.6%, but increased by 2.2% the next month, and 1% the following month. Japan's economy then accelerated substantially through the next two years, at more than its former rate.[24] Others are of the opinion that the catastrophe will harm the economy.[39] Some[who?] have argued that those who predict that the reconstruction effort could help Japan's economy have fallen prey to the broken window fallacy.[40] On 24 March, an executive of Bank of Japan's Osaka branch said he expected "a big decline in production, [leading to] an adjustment in the economy initially with exports and inventories falling and imports rising... Demand created by reconstruction projects will emerge after that." The government said that reconstruction in the ongoing year could raise GDP by 5 trillion yen to 7.75 trillion yen.[41]

Global financial impact

In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, Japan's Nikkei stock market index saw its futures slide 5% in after-market trading.[42] The Bank of Japan said that they would do their utmost to ensure financial market stability.[43] On Tuesday, 15 March, news of rising radiation levels caused the Nikkei to drop over 1,000 points or 10.6% (16% for the week).[44]

Other stock markets around the world were also affected; the German DAX lost 1.2% within minutes.[45] Hong Kong's Hang Seng index fell by 1.8%, while South Korea's Kospi index slumped by 1.3%.[46] By the end of trading on the day of the earthquake, the MSCI Asia Pacific Index had dropped by 1.8%.[47] Major U.S. stock market indexes rose between 0.5% and 0.7%.[48] Oil prices also dropped as a result of the closure of Japanese refineries, despite the ongoing violence in Libya and expected demonstrations in Saudi Arabia. US crude dropped as low as US$99.01 from $100.08 by lunchtime, with Brent Crude falling $2.62 to $112.81.[49] In Hong Kong, Financial Secretary John Tsang warned investors to "take extra care" as the earthquake may have a short term impact on local stock markets.[50]

Water shortages are severe enough to require the construction of temporary shower facilities in some locations

The share prices of the biggest reinsurance companies Munich Re and Swiss Reinsurance Company fell following the earthquake on speculation that they may face losses "somewhere in the $10 billion range" even after certain costs were absorbed by Japan's primary insurers and the government.[51]

The Japanese yen soared against most major currencies following the earthquake, and reached a post-World War II high of 76.25 yen to the US dollar on speculation that Japanese investors would repatriate assets to pay for rebuilding.[52] Since Japan relies heavily on exports, the strong yen could dampen its economy further. The financial markets' instability prompted the G7 to meet on 17 March, resulting in an agreement on joint forex intervention to sell yen against the dollar;[53] it was the first such move since 2000.[54]

Peter Bradford, a former member of the United States' Nuclear Regulatory Commission, said that the impact on the nuclear power plant was "obviously a significant setback for the so-called nuclear renaissance. The image of a nuclear power plant blowing up before your eyes on a television screen is a first."[55]

Response in Japan

Government

On April 11, Prime Minister Naoto Kan was briefed about the state of Ishinomaki Commercial High School in Ishinomaki, Miyagi by Lt. Gen. Yuji Kuno, the Commander of the 6th Division of the Japan Ground Self Defense Force

Prime Minister Naoto Kan announced the government has mobilized the Japan Self-Defense Forces in various earthquake disaster zones.[56] He asked the Japanese public to act calmly and tune into various media for updated information.[56][57] He also reported numerous nuclear power plants have automatically shut down to prevent damage and radiation leaks.[56] He also set up emergency headquarters in his office to coordinate the government's response.[57]

Evacuation shelters faced a shortage of potable water, food, blankets and bathroom facilities, as the government arranged these necessities to be delivered to where they were needed from various areas of Japan and abroad.[58] Dropping temperatures, due to the disruption in electrical and gas lines, caused further problems at shelters.[59] As of 17 March 2011, 336,521 people in Japan had been displaced from their homes and were residing elsewhere, including in 2,367 shelters.[60]

A Japanese urban search and rescue team sent to New Zealand following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake was recalled.[61] As of 27 March 2011, Japan's National Police Agency reported that 14 of its officers had died in the line of duty in the disaster and a further 16 were missing.[62]

The government in Japan committed to cleaning up the damage from the disaster, an effort forecast to cost a total of ¥1 trillion.[63]

Citizens

Fundraising drive for disaster victims

There was a notable lack of large-scale looting and disorder following the earthquake, and this was attributed not only to Japanese forbearance, an attitude sometimes referred to as gaman,[64] but also to laws that encourage honesty, a strong police presence, and three main clans of Yakuza gangs patrolling their territories.[65] A reporter for the Canadian The Globe and Mail wrote, "As one catastrophe piled on top of another, a very Japanese deference to authority emerged, as well as a national desire to see civility prevail, no matter the circumstances."[66]

Some people devastated by the quake began, however, to question the government's effort in providing food, clothing, electricity, heat, and phone service.[67] Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano later said, "In hindsight, we could have moved a little quicker in assessing the situation and coordinating all that information and provided it faster."[68]

Civilians form a human chain to speed unloading of a military supply flight

Some ten days after the quake, reports did begin to emerge of incidents of looting and theft in quake and tsunami-hit areas. By 20 March 2011, 250 thefts, with ¥4.9 million in merchandise stolen from stores and ¥5.8 million in cash, were reported to the Miyagi Prefectural Police. Witnesses reported thieves stealing cash and bank books from smashed houses, looting goods from stores, and siphoning gas from abandoned or damaged vehicles.[69][70][71] Around ¥40 million was reportedly stolen from a bank in Kesennuma, Miyagi.[72]

With hundreds of thousands of people displaced, anything with hints of luxury invites condemnation. Even though there are no regulations imposed by the Japan government for conservation, many people are practicing self-restraint by conserving resources and cancelling celebrations – Attributed by the experts as a way of coping with the traumatising scale of losses and the spreading fear of radioactive fallout.[73]

The government raised the level 7 severity of the nuclear accident after the Japanese unified regional elections, 2011.

Various non-government organizations, including Peace Boat, have assisted in cleaning up the disaster area since the quake.[74]

Non-citizen residents of Japan

Approximately 531,000 non-Japanese residing in Japan departed the country after the quake and tsunami. Foreigners living in Japan and the English-language media in Japan coined the term "flyjin" (or fly-jin), a play on the Japanese word gaijin, as a label for the non-Japanese who fled Japan in the wake of the disaster.[75][76][77][78] 9,720 dependents of United States military and government civilian employees in Japan fled the country, mainly to the United States.[79]

International response

Main article: Humanitarian response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
International troops aid civilians in the cleanup

Request for assistance

Japan specifically requested teams from Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the United States;[80] it also requested, via its space agency JAXA, the activation of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, allowing diverse satellite imagery of affected regions to be readily shared with rescue and aid organizations.[81]

World involvement

Japan received messages of condolence and offers of assistance from a range of international leaders. According to Japan's foreign ministry On 19 March 2011, 128 countries and 33 international organizations had offered assistance to Japan.[82] The EU has also been more than ready to offer its support to them: "An earthquake powerful enough to make the world wobble on its axis, a massive tsunami, an emergency in nuclear power stations. Any one of these would be a tragedy. Thousands of people have died and this has turned this tragedy into a catastrophe," said Herman van Rompuy, President of the European Council.[83] Twenty Member States have offered assistance through the European Civil Protection Mechanism.[84]

The Fukushima incident brought the issue of nuclear power to the fore internationally, causing an anti-nuclear demonstration of 50,000 people in Stuttgart and the cancellation of a pro-nuclear press conference in the United Kingdom.

Electric utility trucks are transported to the tsunami zone by sea

While stepping-up monitoring of radiation levels on its own shores in face of the Fukushima nuclear power plant crisis, China, a major supporter in the relief operations in Japan in spite of its own current earthquake crisis, had officially begun evacuating its citizens from those worst-hit areas in Japan on 15 March 2011.[85] France had also officially begun evacuation of its nationals from the worst-hit areas, dispatching airliners to assist in the evacuation on 16 March 2011.[86][87] Also responding to potential danger of radiation exposure, the government of Austria had relocated its embassy from Tokyo to Osaka some 250 mi (400 km) away.[88] The U.S. Embassy in Japan had advised evacuation of all American nationals to outside a 50 mi (80 km) radius from the Fukushima power plant on 16 March 2011,[89] which is a far greater distance than the 12.4 mile (20km) evacuation zone the Japanese government had already recommended for all inhabitants of the affected region,[90] but later increased to 18.6 miles (30km) on 25 March 2011.[91]

Japanese and international teams construct temporary buildings for disaster victims

In many countries, both government and private aid campaigns have been organized to offer money and support to the victims and general populace of Japan. Social buying sites have launched on-line campaigns in which several million dollars were raised for relief organizations working in Japan.[92] As of 3 April 2011, the Japanese Red Cross had received over $1 billion in donations in response to the disaster, and dispatched more than 200 emergency relief teams to the disaster zone. However it received criticism from some quarters for not yet having dispensed any cash aid to survivors.[93] The American Red Cross said that it had received $120 million in donations from the US public.[94] The Singapore Red Cross and Japan Association said that, as of 31 March 2011, residents of Singapore had donated S$ 3.15 million for disaster relief.[95]

As of May 2011, contributors in South Korea had donated ₩56 billion (US$51 million) to various organizations for the disaster relief effort.[96] By May 2011 the people of Taiwan had donated or pledged 5.9 billion Taiwan dollars (¥16.7 billion).[97]

Operation Tomodachi, which means Friend in Japanese, was the United States military operation to provide assistance and humanitarian aid to Japan. Twenty-thousand US military personnel, including 19 naval vessels and 120 aircraft, were mobilized to provide assistance or move supplies to the disaster area. The US aid efforts were conducted under the direction of Japanese government or military authorities.[98][99] The Yomiuri Shimbun reported that the "coordinated relief activities at the disaster sites are expected to deepen the Japan-U.S. alliance."[100]

Information and support

Among several resources offered to help find earthquake survivors and obtain information about people in Japan are: Disaster Message Board Web171 operated by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone,[101][102] the International Committee of the Red Cross,[103] American Red Cross,[104] Google Person Finder,[105] websites of the Australian Embassy,[106] US Department of State,[107] UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office,[108] and the Honshu Quake wiki operated by the CrisisCommons volunteer community.[109]

Sports

The 2011 World Figure Skating Championships were scheduled to take place from 21–27 March at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo but the International Skating Union decided on 14 March to postpone the event, after the German team announced that it would follow recommendations not to travel to Japan.[110] After Japanese officials announced it would not be possible to host the event in the country, it was moved to late April in Moscow, Russia.[111] The 2011 ISU World Team Trophy in Figure Skating, scheduled for Yokohama on April 14–17, was postponed until the following year.

The Japanese Olympic Committee denied reports that it had abandoned plans to bid for the 2020 Olympics and said it was still under consideration.[112] In April 2011, Japanese Olympic officials stated they were undecided whether to run but said hosting international sports events was important to helping the country rebuild.[113]

Message of support for Japan, seen on F1 car during Australian Grand Prix

The 2011 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix, originally scheduled for 24 April, was moved to 2 October.[114][115]

The 2011 Asia League Ice Hockey finals between the Tōhoku Free Blades and Anyang Halla were to begin on 11 March but the five games were canceled.[116] As of 14 March 2011, no rescheduled dates were announced.

The Japanese national football team canceled their friendly match with Montenegro scheduled for March 25 in Shizuoka. They were also scheduled to play New Zealand in Tokyo on March 29, although the Japan Football Association tried to relocate the match to Osaka, much further away from the affected area. "We hope to play New Zealand, which like Japan has also suffered damage from a big earthquake," Japan FA president Junji Ogura said in a statement.[117] In the end, the "All Whites" canceled their plans to play the Japanese due to safety concerns.[118]

The ITF tennis tournament, Japan Future 1, was to take place on Nishitama District, Tokyo from 14–20 March and was cancelled after the qualifying round was completed. The series of four ITF Men’s Circuit Futures tournaments in and around Tokyo, commencing the week of the 14th March 2011 has been cancelled.

Due to uncertainty over the nuclear situation, the International Federation of Gymnastics is also considering moving the 2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, which are scheduled to be held in Tokyo from October 7–16, 2011; a decision may be announced on May 18–20.[119]

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External Links

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