Serbs of Croatia: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{expand}} |
|||
{{Infobox Ethnic group |
{{Infobox Ethnic group |
||
|flag = <!-- WARNING: if you put any coat of arms here, it will be reverted with the article protected or a block enforced. Discuss it on the talk page. --> |
|flag = <!-- WARNING: if you put any coat of arms here, it will be reverted with the article protected or a block enforced. Discuss it on the talk page. --> |
||
| Line 11: | Line 13: | ||
|region5 = |
|region5 = |
||
|region6 = |
|region6 = |
||
|langs = [[ |
|langs = '''[[Serbian Language|Serbian]]''' (''[[Shtokavian dialect]]'') |
||
|rels = [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbian Orthodox]]<ref>[http://www.stsavaorthodoxschool.org/OrthodoxReligion.html Orthodox Religion<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>}} |
|rels = '''[[Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbian Orthodox]] [[Christianity|†]]'''<ref>[http://www.stsavaorthodoxschool.org/OrthodoxReligion.html Orthodox Religion<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>}} |
||
{{Serbs}} |
{{Serbs}} |
||
'''Serbs of Croatia''', sometimes called the '''Frontiersmen''' (''Krajishniks, Grenzer'') |
'''Serbs of Croatia''', sometimes called the '''Frontiersmen''' (English: ''Krajishniks'', German: ''Grenzer'') or '''Krajina Serbs''', are the largest single [[national minority]] in the [[Republic of Croatia]]. |
||
On 22 December 1990, the Parliament of Croatia ratified a new constitution, changing the status of Serbs in Croatia to a 'national minority' from a 'constituent nation'. The percentage of those declaring themselves as Serbs, according to the 1991 census, was 12.2% (the rest of the population declared itself to be Croat). This was read as taking away some of the rights from the Serbs granted by the previous Socialist constitution. They are currently under 4%. |
|||
The Serbs have been present in Croatia since at least the 7th century, they formed several principalities of which [[Pagania]], [[Zahumlje]] and [[Travunia]] had territory of southern Dalmatia region. |
|||
A large number of ethnic Serbs migrated to the north and west in 1538 when [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Kaiser Ferdinand I]], ruler of the [[Habsburg Monarchy]] offered sanctuary and permanent settlement to displaced Serbs ([[Raška (state)|Rasca]]) fleeing from the Turks, placing them under Austrian military administration. The newly established military region was called ''Militärgrenze'' or [[Croatian Military Frontier|Vojna Krajina]]. In exchange for military services, Serbs received land and were not taxed.<ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKL1187232120080311 FACTBOX - Brief history of Croatia's rebel Serb Krajina region | World | Reuters<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Although Serbs were a part of many different changing states and empires, a large number continued to live in the territory of present day Croatia. The most recent figures approximate the Serb population to be 201,631. |
|||
During the [[Yugoslav Wars]], Croatian Serbs rebelled against the Croatian government, and created an unrecognized state called [[Republic of Serbian Krajina|Serbian Krajina]] in hopes of achieving independence, international recognition, and complete self-governance from the government of Croatia. A massive exodus of Serbs from Croatia occurred in 1995, during the [[Operation Storm]], when the rebellion was crushed.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKL1187232120080311?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 FACTBOX - Brief history of Croatia's rebel Serb Krajina region | World | Reuters<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> As response to a Croatian lawsuit accusing Serbia of genocide in Croatia and BiH, Serbia has filed its own countersuit against [[Croatia]] alleging that Operation Storm and other Croatian military operations during the 1990s were acts of ethnic cleansing amounting to a [[genocide]] of local Serbs.<ref name="sofiaecho.com">http://www.sofiaecho.com/2009/12/31/836754_serbia-to-sue-croatia-for-genocide</ref> |
During the [[Yugoslav Wars]], Croatian Serbs rebelled against the Croatian government, and created an unrecognized state called [[Republic of Serbian Krajina|Serbian Krajina]] in hopes of achieving independence, international recognition, and complete self-governance from the government of Croatia. A massive exodus of Serbs from Croatia occurred in 1995, during the [[Operation Storm]], when the rebellion was crushed.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKL1187232120080311?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 FACTBOX - Brief history of Croatia's rebel Serb Krajina region | World | Reuters<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> As response to a Croatian lawsuit accusing Serbia of genocide in Croatia and BiH, Serbia has filed its own countersuit against [[Croatia]] alleging that Operation Storm and other Croatian military operations during the 1990s were acts of ethnic cleansing amounting to a [[genocide]] of local Serbs.<ref name="sofiaecho.com">http://www.sofiaecho.com/2009/12/31/836754_serbia-to-sue-croatia-for-genocide</ref> |
||
| Line 165: | Line 173: | ||
Although being a privileged ethnic group in most regimes, Croatian Serbs have been discriminated in several periods throughout the history. |
Although being a privileged ethnic group in most regimes, Croatian Serbs have been discriminated in several periods throughout the history. |
||
In 1991 they were stripped of their status as a constitutional ethnic group.<ref>http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:205790</ref> <!-- READ REF-ARTICLE --> This was done because Serbs were the only minority specially emphasised in Croatian constituition as art of their privilegies in Socialist Yugoslavia. |
|||
On 22 December 1990, the Parliament of Croatia ratified a new constitution, changing the status of Serbs in Croatia to a 'national minority' from a 'constituent nation'. The percentage of those declaring themselves as Serbs, according to the 1991 census, was 12.2% (the rest of the population declared itself to be Croat). This was read as taking away some of the rights from the Serbs granted by the previous Socialist constitution.<ref>http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:205790</ref> |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
* [[Croatia]] |
* [[Croatia]] |
||
Revision as of 03:40, 10 June 2010
  Jovan Karamata | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| Serbs living in Croatia: 201,631[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Languages | |
| Serbian (Shtokavian dialect) | |
| Religion | |
| Serbian Orthodox †[2] |
| Part of a series on |
| Serbs |
|---|
 |
Serbs of Croatia, sometimes called the Frontiersmen (English: Krajishniks, German: Grenzer) or Krajina Serbs, are the largest single national minority in the Republic of Croatia.
On 22 December 1990, the Parliament of Croatia ratified a new constitution, changing the status of Serbs in Croatia to a 'national minority' from a 'constituent nation'. The percentage of those declaring themselves as Serbs, according to the 1991 census, was 12.2% (the rest of the population declared itself to be Croat). This was read as taking away some of the rights from the Serbs granted by the previous Socialist constitution. They are currently under 4%.
The Serbs have been present in Croatia since at least the 7th century, they formed several principalities of which Pagania, Zahumlje and Travunia had territory of southern Dalmatia region.
A large number of ethnic Serbs migrated to the north and west in 1538 when Kaiser Ferdinand I, ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy offered sanctuary and permanent settlement to displaced Serbs (Rasca) fleeing from the Turks, placing them under Austrian military administration. The newly established military region was called Militärgrenze or Vojna Krajina. In exchange for military services, Serbs received land and were not taxed.[3] Although Serbs were a part of many different changing states and empires, a large number continued to live in the territory of present day Croatia. The most recent figures approximate the Serb population to be 201,631.
During the Yugoslav Wars, Croatian Serbs rebelled against the Croatian government, and created an unrecognized state called Serbian Krajina in hopes of achieving independence, international recognition, and complete self-governance from the government of Croatia. A massive exodus of Serbs from Croatia occurred in 1995, during the Operation Storm, when the rebellion was crushed.[4] As response to a Croatian lawsuit accusing Serbia of genocide in Croatia and BiH, Serbia has filed its own countersuit against Croatia alleging that Operation Storm and other Croatian military operations during the 1990s were acts of ethnic cleansing amounting to a genocide of local Serbs.[5]
Religion
The Serbs of Croatia are Serbian Orthodox. There are many Orthodox monasteries across Croatia, built since the 12th century. Most notable are the Krka Monastery, Krupa Monastery, Dragović Monastery, Lepavina Monastery and Gomirje Monastery. Many Orthodox churches were demolished during World War II, the recent Yugoslav war, while some were rebuilt by the Croatian government with money partially donated by the Serbian diaspora.[6]
History
According to Byzantine tradition (De Administrando Imperio, by Porphyrogenitus), the Serbs settled in parts of modern day Croatia during 610–626, forming several Serbian principalities. The Serbs ruled Lower Dalmatia and until the Ottoman conquest of Balkans.
Several Serbian Orthodox Churches have been built in Croatia Krka monastery (>1345), Krupa monastery (1317) and many have been destroyed in the Croatian War.
Ottoman conquest of Serbian lands and Austro-Hungary
Serbs of Rascia, Bosnia and Herzegovina fled the Ottoman Turks and settled west in the Austrian Military Border (Militärgrenze), created in 1522 as an military administered region established along the Austro-Ottoman border, by Ferdinand I.[7]
Sometime in 1530, Serb Uskoks under Vladislav Stefović sought lands in Mutnica (Kranjska) to defend the frontiers by attacking Ottoman Turks. The 50 families lived in Metkike to Crnomlja, Kostelo to Lasa, Krasa into Kapela. King Ferdinand granted the Serbs the lands of Žumberak and gave them assistance in organizing their counts and dukes of the many clans. They were exempted of tax pay in return of military service in the Austrian army, they were permitted to raid and pillage Turkish settlements across the border. Nikola Jurisic settled 600 families in 1535. 3,000 Uskoks are settled in ruined Zumberak. In 1538, the Kranjska dukes of Vuk Popovic, Resan Lismanovic and Djuro Radivojcevic went to the Adriatic coast to settle families there. The three Serb military officers of Koprivnica, Križevci and Ivanic formed the Varaždin general command. The Uskoks led uprisings in 1542 to 1546 after the death of their cattle after a grasshopper invasion. Ivan Lenkovic found the Uskok families in misery and resettled a remaining 180 families in the region, buying out the privately owned Mehovo and stabilizing the region. In 1547 the Uskoks inhabited Marindol and Bojanci. The Žumberak Serbs had initially freedom of faith but were later converted into Greek Catholicism under pressure from Rome, and later into Roman Catholicism during the World War II.[7]
On 12 September 1683, a relieving force under Polish King Jan III Sobieski surprised and defeated the Turkish army at the Battle of Kahlenberg, thereby ending the second Siege of Vienna. Prince Eugene of Savoy's impressive victory at the Battle of Zenta, 11 September 1697, marked the turning point in the Austrian struggle against the Turks. Following the Treaty of Karlowitz, 26 January 1699, Karlovac, Varaždin, and Banat general commands of the Military Border were created. During the reign of Emperor Leopold I. The Slavonian border was established by Luigi Ferdinando Conte de Marsigli in 1702, from lands along the Sava, Theis, and Maros rivers, which were largely incorporated into Hungary in 1747.
The Military Border was dissolved in 1881 into self-administered region of Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia which later became State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs. In 1918 the territory joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form Kingdom of Yugoslavia until 1945. Afterward, this state became Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and finally Croatia.
Modern history
World War II
During World War II, the Axis powers occupied Yugoslavia, partially partitioning it and on territory of today Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia creating the Independent State of Croatia, with the Ustaše movement installed at its head [3]. Catholic monks and priests, including Archbishop Sarić of Sarajevo (nicknamed the "Hangman of Serbs"),[8] supported forcible conversions and were largely silent about the killings.[citation needed] In addition, the regime organized extermination camps, the most notorious of which was the Jasenovac concentration camp, where Serbs, Jews, Gypsies, and anti-fascist Croats were massacred in large numbers. Between 330,000[9] and 500,000[10] of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia were killed by the Ustaše during the war. One example was the Glina massacre.
Yugoslav wars and Operation Storm
Croatian Serbs started an illegal war of aggression and occupied a third of the newly independent Croatia, starting the bloody Croatian War of Independence. The Serb rebels were finally defeated in two brilliant military actions, Operation Flash and Operation Storm. The majority of Serbs in the occupied areas left before Croatian Army liberated its occupied homeland.[4] Serbia has filed a lawsuit against Croatia alleging that Operation Storm and other Croatian military operations during 1990's were acts of ethnic cleansing amounting to a genocide of Serbs of Croatia.[5]
After the war
The war ended with a military success of the Croatian government in 1995 and subsequent peaceful reintegration of the remaining renegade territory in eastern Slavonia in 1998.[citation needed] The exodus of the Krajina Serbs in 1995 was prompted by the advance of the Croatian troops, but was mostly self-organized rather than forced.[4][11] All Serbs were officially called upon to stay in Croatia shortly before the operation,[12]. Many Croat refugees moved to homes abandoned by Serbs during Operation Storm, ostensibly because their homes were destroyed by the Serbs.[11] At the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia at The Hague, Milan Babić was indicted, pleaded guilty and was convicted for "persecutions on political, racial and religious grounds, a crime against humanity".[citation needed] Babić stated during his trial that "during the events, and in particular at the beginning of his political career, he was strongly influenced and misled by Serbian propaganda".[13]
Changes during the 1990s
| Catholic Muslim Orthodox | Protestant Mixed Catholic and Orthodox Mixed Catholic and Protestant |
Most of the Serbs from Bilogora and northwestern Slavonia fled those areas as they fell under Croatian military control.[citation needed] In the later stages of the war, under order of Republic of Serbian Krajina government most of the Serbs of western Slavonia, Banija, Kordun, eastern Lika and northern Dalmatian Zagora fled those areas also came under Croatian military control Image:Martic-order1995.jpg The largest decrease in the number of Serbs in Croatia occurred during the Croatian War of Independence which was part of Yugoslav wars.[citation needed] Prewar census of 1991 was the last Serbian consensus held in Croatia. Around 580,000 citizens declared themselves as Serbs.[14] At that time Serbs represented 12.2% on the Croatian population.[14] After the war, the Serbian population reduced radically to 4.5%.[14] Today the majority of the population continues to live in exile in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro, where, as of 2005[update], there were still 200,000 refugees.[15]
Tensions in modern Croatia
Tension between Serbs and Croatians were violently high in 1990s. The violence has reduced since 2000 and has remained low to this day, however, significant problems remain.[16] The participation of the largest Serbian party SDSS in the Croatian Government of Ivo Sanader has eased tensions to an extent, but the refugee situation is still politically sensitive.[citation needed] The main issue is high-level official and social discrimination against the Serbs.[17] At the height levels of the government, new laws are continuously being introduced in order to combat this discrimination, thus, demonstrating an effort on the part of government.[16] For example, lengthy and in some cases unfair proceedings,[16] particularly in lower level courts, remain a major problem for Serbian returnees pursuing their rights in court.[16] In addition, Serbs continue to be discriminated against in access to employment and in realizing other economic and social rights.[citation needed] Also some cases of violence and harassment against Croatian Serbs continue to be reported.[16] The property laws allegedly favor Bosnian Croatians refugees who took residence in houses that were left unoccupied and unguarded by Serbs after Operation Storm.[16] Amnesty International's 2005 report considers one of the greatest obstacles to the return of thousands of Croatian Serbs has been the failure of the Croatian authorities to provide adequate housing solutions to Croatian Serbs who were stripped of their occupancy rights, including where possible by reinstating occupancy rights to those who had been affected by their discriminatory termination[16] The European Court of Human Rights decided against Croatian Serb Kristina Blečić, stripped her of occupancy rights after leaving his house in 1991 in Zadar.[18]
Population
Generally, during the course of history the population of Serbs in Croatia has steadily gone down. This trend can chiefly be attributed to the casualties of war, as well as mass migrations that were induced by it. The loss of the heavily Serb populated Eastern Srijem region, the incorporation of Istria and Dalmatia, and the non-inclusion of Croat dominated regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the People's Republic of Croatia (as had been done in the Banovina of Croatia), are examples of territorial changes that either increased or reduced the relative percentage of the Serb population of Croatia.
- 1931 - 633000 Serbs out of 3430270 People in Croatia (18.45%)[14]
- 1948 - 543795 Serbs out of 3779858 People in Croatia (14.39%)[14]
- 1953 - 588756 Serbs out of 3936022 People in Croatia (14.96%)[14]
- 1961 - 624991 Serbs out of 4159696 People in Croatia (15.02%)[14]
- 1971 - 626789 Serbs out of 4426221 People in Croatia (14.16%)[14]
- 1981 - 531502 Serbs out of 4601469 People in Croatia (11.55%)[14]
- 1991 - 581663 Serbs out of 4784265 People in Croatia (12.16%)[14]
- 2001 - 201631 Serbs out of 4437460 People in Croatia ( 4.54%)[14]
Politics
The Serbs of Croatia have 3 seats in the Sabor. The major Serbian parties in Croatia have been the Independent Democratic Serbian Party (SDSS) and the Serb People's Party (SNS). The SDSS currently holds all 3 Serbian seats in the Sabor, and Slobodan Uzelac is currently a Vice Prime Minister. Other parties include the Party of Danube Serbs, the Democratic Party of Serbs and the New Serbian Party [4].
Prominent individuals
Many famed ethnic Serbs were born in what is today's Croatia, including:
- Nikola Tesla, a very significant electrical engineer
- Geophysicist Milutin Milanković who co-founded the Theory of Ice Age and is considered in the top 15 greatest scientists of the world.[19]
- Mathematician Jovan Karamata created two theories now named after him, Tauberian theorem, Karamata's inequality and has added to the Weierstrass theorem, Schmidt theorem, and Littlewood's theorem, among others.[20]
- Serbian Prince Bjeloš (1110–1198) of the Vukanović dynasty, Ban of Croatia between 1142 and 1163[21]
- Momčilo R. Đujić World War II Military leader
- Dr Božidar Petranović founded the first Serbian literal and scientific paper in Dalmatia (Zadar) in the 19th century, the Serbian-Dalmatian Magazine (Srpsko-dalmatinski magazin).
- Branimir "Johnny" Štulić is singer, songwriter, poet and a leader of the popular former Yugoslav rock group Azra.
- Arsen Dedić is a singer-songwriter, musician and composer and a poet
- Svetozar Pribićević was the main Serbian representative from Austro-Hungary, a politician in the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.
- Mile Mrkšić is a Serbian Colonel of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) in charge of the unit involved in the Battle of Vukovar
- Jovo Stanisavljević Čaruga, outlaw in Slavonia during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia who started his own "revolution" by stealing from the rich and giving to the poor in the likeness of Robin Hood.
- Josif Pančić botanist who discovered the Serbian Spruce
- Writer Dejan Medaković was a writer and historian who has received the Herder Prize among many other awards.
- Ivan Desnica was from a noble family and leader of the Military Frontier)
- Simo Matavulj, novelist
- Sava Mrkalj attempted to simplify the Serbian language.
- Bojan Pavlović, Red Star Belgrade soccer player
- Jovan Rašković was the initiator of a movement for Serbian autonomy within Croatia.
- Vojin Jelić poet
- Mihailo Merćep was a famous bicyclist and flight pioneer.
- Jovo Stanisavljević Čaruga (1897–1925), outlaw Slavonianhaiduk[22]
- Vladimir Matijević (1854–1929), economist and humanitarian[23]
- Dejan Medaković (1922–2008) historian, writer and academic of noble descent[24]
- Miloš Milošević (born 1972) swimmer[25]
- Lukijan Mušicki (1777–1837), notable Baroque writer and Eastern Orthodox Bishop[26]
- Zaharije Stefanović Orfelin (1726–1785), one of the most prominent Baroque poets, historian and writer[27]
- Patriarch Pavle of Serbia (1914–2009) (born Gojko Stojčević), former Serbian Patriarch [28]
- Božidar Petranović (1809–1874), Dalmatian Serb activist[29]
- Svetozar Pribićević (1875–1936), Political leader[30]
- Josif (Ilija) Rajačić (1785–1861), Karlovac Metropolitan, Serbian Patriarch, political activist and founder of the Serbian Vojvodina[31]
- Josif Runjanin (1821–1878), composer of the melody of the Croatian national anthem.[32]
- Jasna (Branković) Šekarić (born 1965), Sharpshooter and Olympic champion[33]
- Rade Šerbedžija (born 1946), famous actor[34]
- Pavle Solarić (1779–1821), writer and Slavist[35]
- Predrag Stojaković (born 1977), Serbian basketball player[36]
- Jelena (Nemanjić) Šubić, prominent Croatian Banness, wife of Ban Mladen III Šubić, sister of Serbian Emperor Dušan and 14th century founder of earliest Serbian cultural monuments[37]
- Jelena Dokic, tennis player, ranked 4th in 2002.
- Footballer Dado Pršo [38]
- Petar Bergamo composer
- Vladan Desnica writer
- Ivo Vojnović, titular count of Užice, writer[39]
- Petar Preradović, poet[40]
- Stojan Janković
- Janko Mitrović
- Svetozar Borojević, commander (1907–1912) of (Austro-Hungarian) Imperial Croatian Home Guard, fieldmarshall
- Stevan Šupljikac, vojvoda of Serbian Vojvodina
- Stephan Freiherr von Jovanovich, military commander of Austrian Empire
- Petar Preradović
- Rade Končar
2001 Census
Discrimination
Although being a privileged ethnic group in most regimes, Croatian Serbs have been discriminated in several periods throughout the history.
On 22 December 1990, the Parliament of Croatia ratified a new constitution, changing the status of Serbs in Croatia to a 'national minority' from a 'constituent nation'. The percentage of those declaring themselves as Serbs, according to the 1991 census, was 12.2% (the rest of the population declared itself to be Croat). This was read as taking away some of the rights from the Serbs granted by the previous Socialist constitution.[41]
See also
- Croatia
- Operation Storm
- Serbs
- List of Serbs
- Serbs of Croatia Timeline
- Republic of Serbian Krajina
- Independent Democratic Serbian Party
References
- ^ census 2001
- ^ Orthodox Religion
- ^ FACTBOX - Brief history of Croatia's rebel Serb Krajina region | World | Reuters
- ^ a b c FACTBOX - Brief history of Croatia's rebel Serb Krajina region | World | Reuters
- ^ a b http://www.sofiaecho.com/2009/12/31/836754_serbia-to-sue-croatia-for-genocide
- ^ http://stmichael-soc.org/background.htm
- ^ a b Warwick Armstrong, James Anderson (2007), Geopolitics of European Union enlargement: the fortress empire, Routledge research in transnationalism, vol. 20 (illustrated, annotated ed.), Routledge, p. 212, ISBN 0415339391
- ^ Manfred and Anne Lehmann Foundation
- ^ Jasenovac
- ^ http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205930.pdf
- ^ a b Croatia
- ^ http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/oluja/950804/I040895141858.html [dead link]
- ^ http://www.un.org/icty/babic/trialc/judgement/index.htm Sentencing judgement for Milan Babić
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Population of Croatia 1931-2001
- ^ "Croatia: Operation "Storm" - still no justice ten years on". Amnesty International. 2005-08-04. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Croatia: European Court of Human Rights to consider important case for refugee returns" (Press release). Amnesty International. 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2008-09-16. Cite error: The named reference "Amnesty" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ [1]
- ^ NEGATIVNA PRESUDA EVROPSKOG SUDA U SLUČAJU KRISTINE BLEČIĆ IZ ZADRA
- ^ http://www.milutinmilankovic.com/biografija.html
- ^ http://www.sanu.ac.rs/Clanstvo/IstClan.aspx?arg=240,
- ^ http://209.85.135.104/search?q=cache:VfKA_WG_LVwJ:www.rastko.org.rs/cms/files/books/46c3633ba55db.pdf+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&client=firefox-a
- ^ http://www.banjalukaonline.com/vijest_p_16503.html
- ^ http://www.nacional.hr/en/articles/view/42719/18/
- ^ http://www.gerila.com/knjige/autori/m/medakovic_dejan.htm
- ^ http://www.skdprosvjeta.com/news.php?id=135
- ^ http://www.eparhija-gornjokarlovacka.hr/Episkop-Musicki-L.htm
- ^ http://www.antikvarne-knjige.com/biografije/orfelin/zaharija_orfelin_biografija.html
- ^ http://www.serbianorthodoxchurch.com/pages/s/pavle/biography-en.html
- ^ http://www.eparhija-dalmatinska.hr/Publikacije-Krka13-L.htm
- ^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/475726/Svetozar-Pribicevic
- ^ http://www.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/rz/rajacic.htm
- ^ Josip Runjanin
- ^ http://jasnasekaric.com/home.html
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0784884/
- ^ http://www.rastko.org.rs/knjizevnost/umetnicka/poezija/psolaric_gozba_c.html
- ^ http://jockbio.com/Bios/Stojakovic/Stojakovic_bio.html
- ^ http://www.rastko.org.rs/istorija/loza_nemanjica/fajfric-svloza_5.html
- ^ [2]
- ^ http://www.arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2005/04/29/srpski/K05042801.shtml Prota Sava Nakićenović, O hercegnovskim Vojnovićima, Dubrovnik 1910, http://www.srpsko-nasledje.co.rs/sr-c/1998/02/article-13.html Dragomir Acović, Heraldika i Srbi, Beograd 2008, p. 335, http://www.rastko.org.yu/rastko-ukr/istorija/2003-ns/dmartinovic.pdf, http://www.scindeks-clanci.nb.rs/data/pdf/0350-0861/2005/0350-08610553121C.pdf
- ^ History of family Preradović from Gornja Krajina (Grubišno Polje etc) and their relation to the russian branch (general Nikolay Depreradovich etc), may be seen in the book published in Zagreb, Croatia in 1903, Znameniti Srbi XIX veka, year 2, 2, editor Andra Gavrilović, Zagreb 1903, p. 13. Also, book published in Belgrade in 1888, Milan Đ. Milićević, Pomenik znamenitih ljudi u srpskog naroda novijeg doba, p. 572. For the list of Preradovićs (Serbs) murderd in Jasenovac concentration camp of Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during World War II, including Preradovićs from Grubišno Polje, where father of Petar Preradović was born see (official in Croatia) Jasenovac Memorial site list of victims, where one could see a few Jovan Preradović, as was the name of Petar Preradović`s father (http://www.jusp-jasenovac.hr Spomen Područje Jasenovac), or names of 100 Preradovićs on the list of victims on the list of victims of Jasenovac Research Institue, New York, (https://cp13.heritagewebdesign.com/~lituchy/victim_search.php?field=&searchtype=contains)
- ^ http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:205790
Other sources
- Development of Astronomy among Serbs II, Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade,, Belgrade: M. S. Dimitrijević, 2002.
- Vladimir Ćorović. Illustrated History of Serbs, Books 1 - 6. Belgrade: Politika and Narodna Knjiga, 2005
- Nicholas J. Miller. Between Nation and State: Serbian Politics in Croatia before the First World War, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997.
- OSCE Report on Croatian treatment of Serbs [5]
Other Notes
- ^ In an interview on Fokus (30 September 2005), Croat academic Petar Simunovic explained that the name of Srb originates from an old Croatian verb serbati, srebati meaning "to sip", from which the noun "srb" has been derived. Thus "srb" denotes the spring of river Una, where the village lies. Compare this with the villages of Srbani (near Pula), and Srbinjak, both in Istria, which clearly have nothing to do with the Serbian name. The Istarski razvod from 13th century mentions the name of srbar, meaning a water spring.
External links
- The Serbs in the Former SR of Croatia
- Prosvjeta - Serb Cultural Society
- Reference to etymology of the name Srb
- Reference to Istarski Razvod - related to etymology of Srb
- Tradition chest adornment worn in Kninska Krajina
- Croatian census 2001 - see under "Crostat Database: "Censuses"
