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In the Islamic religion, the '''Sahaba''' (or Asahaaba,الصحابه; both forms are plural--the singular is '''Sahaabi''', which is [[Arabic]] for "friend", or "companion") are the companions of the Prophet [[Muhammad]]. A Sahabi knew or saw the Prophet, believed in his teachings, and died as a Muslim. At the time of the death of Muhammad, there were over 100,000 companions, tens of thousands of which have their names and biographies of various lengths recorded in readily available religious reference texts of the subject, ilmul-rijal, literally, "knowledge of men."
In the Islamic religion, the '''Sahaba''' (or Asahaaba,الصحابه; both forms are plural--the singular is '''Sahaabi''', which is [[Arabic]] for "friend", or "companion") are the companions of the Prophet [[Muhammad]]. A Sahabi knew or saw the Prophet, believed in his teachings, and died as a Muslim. At the time of the death of Muhammad, there were over 100,000 companions, tens of thousands of which have their names and biographies of various lengths recorded in readily available religious reference texts of the subject, ilmul-rijal, literally, "knowledge of men."


Even though some scholars have stipulated that, in order to be ranked as a Companion, a believer should have lived in the company of Allah’s Messenger for one or even two years, the majority of the scholars regarded it as enough to have been present in the radiant atmosphere of the Messenger long enough to have derived some benefit from it.
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== Sunni introduction ==


⚫
All Sahaba were truthful, reliable and [http://www.abc.se/~m9783/o/abfm_e.html Upright]. This can be illustrated in that when Sunnis are evaluating the string of narration in one hadith, if there is a missing link in the chain of narrators, but they know that its a Sahabi, then according to "all the sahaba are truthful" principle, the whole chain is authenticated, providing that the rest of the narrators are reliable as well.


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==List of ''Sahaba''==
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== Shia introduction ==


⚫
=== Sunni view ===
⚫
There is no default merit in having seen Muhammad or being his wife, except that it gives you the potential of using Muahmmads wisdom. In other words, it is up to the individual to decide how much they are going to benefit from Muhammad. Therefor, Shias have different views on each Sahabi, depending on what they accomplished.


⚫
== Sunni introduction ==
⚫
In fact, the Shia view on Sahaba is very well described in this verse that is addressed to Muhammads wives:


⚫
All Sahaba were truthful, reliable and [http://www.abc.se/~m9783/o/abfm_e.html Upright]. This can be illustrated in that when Sunnis are evaluating the string of narration in one hadith, if there is a missing link in the chain of narrators, but they know that its a Sahabi, then according to "all the sahaba are truthful" principle, the whole chain is authenticated, providing that the rest of the narrators are reliable as well.
⚫
[33.30] ''O wives of the prophet! whoever of you commits an open indecency, the punishment shall be increased to her doubly; and this IS easy to Allah.


⚫
[33.31] ''And whoever of you is obedient to Allah and His Apostle and does good, We will give to her her reward doubly, and We have prepared for her an honorable sustenance.


⚫
All sahabas are great people and the best of earth's generations. The second best are the [[taba'een]], and the third are the following generation and serve as a guide to humanity.
⚫
In other words, Shia view a sahaba that "commits an open indecency" as twice as blameworthy, since the sahabi had the greatest roll model, and should have been inspired by him. Meanign that the sahabi had all the potential in the world to abstain from sin.


also see: [http://www.swordofallah.com/html/companionshome.htm Introduction]
⚫
At the same time, a sahaba "is obedient to Allah and His Apostle and does good" is considered twice as admirable, since the sahabi accomplished so much more due to Muhammads direct guidance and since he aided Muahmmad and his Ahl ul-Bayt.

⚫
==List of ''Sahaba''==

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=== Sunni view ===

⚫
All the following sahabis are great people and the best of earth's generations. The second best are the [[taba'een]], and the third are the following generation.


==== Top Ten Sahabis ====
==== Blessed Ten Sahabis ====


The following ten where granted [[paradise]] even as they lived, not implying that the rest are going elsewhere:
The following ten where granted [[paradise]] even as they lived, not implying that the rest are going elsewhere:
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=== Shia view ===
=== Shia view ===


⚫
== Shia introduction ==


Shias look at each Sahaba as an individual, preferring some above others.
Shias look at each Sahaba as an individual, preferring some above others.


While Sunni rank them ccordingly to when they embraced Islam, Shia rank them accordingly to what they did during ther life. Furthermore, Shia assume as self-evident that a sahabi that is [[fasiq]] is going to hell.
⚫
There is no standardized guideline of status according to the Shia school of thought, it can not be established a Shia consensus regarding a detailed list based on rank.

⚫
There is no standardized guideline of status according to the Shia school of thought, it can not be established a Shia consensus regarding a detailed list based on rank.


However there is a general consensus on the approximate rank of each Sahaba, in the same way that most people would think very bad of [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Ted Bundy]] and very good of [[Mahatma Ghandi]] and [[Jesus]].
However there is a general consensus on the approximate rank of each Sahaba, in the same way that most people would think very bad of [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Ted Bundy]] and very good of [[Mahatma Ghandi]] and [[Jesus]].
Line 87: Line 84:
This in contrast to Sunnis. Egyptian and Saudi Arabian have in general diffrently views on, for example, Muawiya ibn Abu sufyian, one more favorable and the other more dim, however, both are within the Sunni view that states that all Sahaba go to heaven.
This in contrast to Sunnis. Egyptian and Saudi Arabian have in general diffrently views on, for example, Muawiya ibn Abu sufyian, one more favorable and the other more dim, however, both are within the Sunni view that states that all Sahaba go to heaven.


⚫
Shia acknowledge no merit per see for having seen Muhammad or being his wife, except that it gives you the potential of using Muahmmads wisdom. In other words, it is up to the individual to decide how much they are going to benefit from Muhammad. Therefor, Shias have different views on each Sahabi, depending on what they accomplished. In the Shia view, some of them lived a life earning [[hell]], suporting their argument from the Quranic verses regarding prophets wives:


[66.10] ''Allah sets forth '''an example''' to those who disbelieve: the wife of [[Noah|Nuh]] and the wife of [[Lut]]: they were both under two of '''Our righteous servants''', but they acted '''treacherously towards them''' so they availed them naught against Allah, and it was said: '''Enter both the fire''' with those who enter.
⚫
Here follows manny, but not all, Sahaba with a short list of events that are relevant (in the Shia point of view) for establishing a view, ranked accordingly to their general perceived status.


⚫
Shias also suporting their view of the Sahaba from this verses addressed to Muhammads wives:


⚫
[33.30] ''O wives of the prophet! whoever of you commits an '''open indecency''', the '''punishment shall be increased to her doubly'''; and this IS easy to Allah.
⚫
The [[Ahl ul-Bayt]] are not included in this list, since the list revolves around them.


⚫
[33.31] ''And whoever of you is obedient to Allah and His Apostle and '''does good''', We will give to her her '''reward doubly''', and We have prepared for her an honorable sustenance.

⚫
In other words, Shia view a sahaba that "commits an open indecency" as twice as blameworthy, since the sahabi had the greatest roll model, and should have been inspired by him. Meanign that the sahabi had all the potential in the world to abstain from sin.

⚫
At the same time, a sahaba "is obedient to Allah and His Apostle and does good" is considered twice as admirable, since the sahabi accomplished so much more due to Muhammads direct guidance and since he aided Muahmmad and his Ahl ul-Bayt.

A further verse that is used is:

[9.101] ''And from among those who are round about you of the dwellers of the desert there are '''hypocrites''', and from among the people of '''Medina (also)'''; they are '''stubborn in hypocrisy'''; you do not know them; We know them; '''We will chastise them twice''' then shall they be turned back to a grievous chastisement

⚫
The list of Sahaba includes events that are relevant (in the Shia point of view) for establishing a view, ranked accordingly to their general perceived status.

⚫
The [[Ahl ul-Bayt]] are not included in this list, since the list revolves around them.


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Revision as of 01:09, 3 July 2005

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In the Islamic religion, the Sahaba (or Asahaaba,الصحابه; both forms are plural--the singular is Sahaabi, which is Arabic for "friend", or "companion") are the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. A Sahabi knew or saw the Prophet, believed in his teachings, and died as a Muslim. At the time of the death of Muhammad, there were over 100,000 companions, tens of thousands of which have their names and biographies of various lengths recorded in readily available religious reference texts of the subject, ilmul-rijal, literally, "knowledge of men."

Even though some scholars have stipulated that, in order to be ranked as a Companion, a believer should have lived in the company of Allah’s Messenger for one or even two years, the majority of the scholars regarded it as enough to have been present in the radiant atmosphere of the Messenger long enough to have derived some benefit from it.


List of Sahaba

Sunni view

Sunni introduction

All Sahaba were truthful, reliable and Upright. This can be illustrated in that when Sunnis are evaluating the string of narration in one hadith, if there is a missing link in the chain of narrators, but they know that its a Sahabi, then according to "all the sahaba are truthful" principle, the whole chain is authenticated, providing that the rest of the narrators are reliable as well.


All sahabas are great people and the best of earth's generations. The second best are the taba'een, and the third are the following generation and serve as a guide to humanity.

also see: Introduction

Blessed Ten Sahabis

The following ten where granted paradise even as they lived, not implying that the rest are going elsewhere:

Four rightousley guided
  • 1 Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (51 B.H-13 A.H; 573-634 C.E)
  • 2 Umar bin Al-Khattab Al-Farooq (40 B.H-23 A.H; 584-644 C.E)
  • 3 Uthman ibn Affan Ghani Dhun-Nurayn (47 B.H- 35 A.H; 577-656 C.E)
  • 4 Ali ibn Abi Talib (23 B.H- 40 A.H; 600-661 C.E)
following six Sahabis

Other Sahabis

The first four of them are also known as the "rightousley guided Caliphs" and are writen in the order they hade Caliphat and the order they where prefered during Muhmmads time.

the rest of the Sahaba where regarded equal in status, all granted blessings by God:


and many many others...


Shia view

Shia introduction

Shias look at each Sahaba as an individual, preferring some above others.

While Sunni rank them ccordingly to when they embraced Islam, Shia rank them accordingly to what they did during ther life. Furthermore, Shia assume as self-evident that a sahabi that is fasiq is going to hell.

There is no standardized guideline of status according to the Shia school of thought, it can not be established a Shia consensus regarding a detailed list based on rank.

However there is a general consensus on the approximate rank of each Sahaba, in the same way that most people would think very bad of Adolf Hitler and Ted Bundy and very good of Mahatma Ghandi and Jesus.

It would be impossible to establish a list showing the approximate view for each Sahaba for all the people in the world, since most people have very different frame of preference. However, it is much easier to do so if the targeted group have a similar frame of preference.


Most Shias have the same frame of preference regarding the relevant issues, since Shias have few sects and that most disagreements between the sects start after Husayn ibn Ali's era. This, and all sects being minority to the twelvers, explains why almost all Shia have a very similar frame of preference regarding the Sahaba, making this list relevant and accurate in the field of Social sciences rather then Hard science.

Shias can in general be expected to have a certain view on each Sahaba after havig understood what relevant actions (in the Shia point of view) the specific Sahaba have accomplished during his or her life.

This in contrast to Sunnis. Egyptian and Saudi Arabian have in general diffrently views on, for example, Muawiya ibn Abu sufyian, one more favorable and the other more dim, however, both are within the Sunni view that states that all Sahaba go to heaven.

Shia acknowledge no merit per see for having seen Muhammad or being his wife, except that it gives you the potential of using Muahmmads wisdom. In other words, it is up to the individual to decide how much they are going to benefit from Muhammad. Therefor, Shias have different views on each Sahabi, depending on what they accomplished. In the Shia view, some of them lived a life earning hell, suporting their argument from the Quranic verses regarding prophets wives:

[66.10] Allah sets forth an example to those who disbelieve: the wife of Nuh and the wife of Lut: they were both under two of Our righteous servants, but they acted treacherously towards them so they availed them naught against Allah, and it was said: Enter both the fire with those who enter.

Shias also suporting their view of the Sahaba from this verses addressed to Muhammads wives:

[33.30] O wives of the prophet! whoever of you commits an open indecency, the punishment shall be increased to her doubly; and this IS easy to Allah.

[33.31] And whoever of you is obedient to Allah and His Apostle and does good, We will give to her her reward doubly, and We have prepared for her an honorable sustenance.

In other words, Shia view a sahaba that "commits an open indecency" as twice as blameworthy, since the sahabi had the greatest roll model, and should have been inspired by him. Meanign that the sahabi had all the potential in the world to abstain from sin.

At the same time, a sahaba "is obedient to Allah and His Apostle and does good" is considered twice as admirable, since the sahabi accomplished so much more due to Muhammads direct guidance and since he aided Muahmmad and his Ahl ul-Bayt.

A further verse that is used is:

[9.101] And from among those who are round about you of the dwellers of the desert there are hypocrites, and from among the people of Medina (also); they are stubborn in hypocrisy; you do not know them; We know them; We will chastise them twice then shall they be turned back to a grievous chastisement

The list of Sahaba includes events that are relevant (in the Shia point of view) for establishing a view, ranked accordingly to their general perceived status.

The Ahl ul-Bayt are not included in this list, since the list revolves around them.

strongly positive status

This can be defined as sahaba that in action aided Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to go to the higher levels of heaven, althought God knows best. 11 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib is in contrast to Sunnis considered Muslim by Shias, arguing that Ali inherited him wich would be forbidden if he where an unbeliver.


Aminah bint Wahab was Muhammads mother and Muslim, although she was died befor Muhammads call.


Salman the Persian gave Muhammad the idea to dig the trench, is said that he was elevated in merited to the same level as the Ahl ul-Bayt. He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so.


Abu Dharr Ghifari is called by Muhammed as "the most truthful man between heaven and earth", loudly opposed Uthmans caliphat, was exiled to death by Uthman.


Abdullah ibn Abbas was a staunch follower of Ali. Did not give alligance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. Accompanied Ali when he demanded his inheritance from Umar and sought very badly of Umar and Abu Bakr. Strongly argued against Umars prohibition of temporary marriage. Convinced 20'000 of 24'000 the Khawarij to return to Ali. Cried at the age of 70 when recalling Umar calling Muhammad "Delirius".


Malik ibn Ashter was Ali's general when he came close to killing Muaviya, then became his governor, has long and beautiful letter addressed to him in Nahj ul-Balagha in which Ali gives guidance in how to uphold a goverment. That letter was reffered to in the United Nations as a advice to arabs.


Ammar ibn Yasir was killed by Muawiyas army in the Battle of Siffin when he was 90 years old, as predicted by Muhammad.


Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib had his body desecrated in the battle of Uhud by Hind binte Utbah


Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr was Abu Bakr's son and a great companion of Ali. He was choosen to govern egypt, killed and tortured by Muawiya. He was against Uthmans rule.


Umm Khultum binte Ali was taken to Yazids palace after the Battle of Karbala.


Zaynab binte Ali was taken to Yazids palace after the Battle of Karbala.


Less famous sahaba:


positive status

This can be defined as sahaba that in words aided Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to go to the heaven, althought God knows best. 26 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Abbas ibn Abdu'l-Muttalib (insert motivation)


Asma bint Umais was Abu Bakr's wife. When Abu Bakr died, she married Ali.


Miqdad ibn al-Aswad al-Kindi (insert motivation)


Bilal bin Ribah stoped singing the adhan after Muhammad as his protest of Ali's right being usurped.


Zaid ibn Arqam reiterated the hadith of thaqalyan in Sahi Muslim.


Sa'd ibn Mu'adh (insert motivation)


Abd al-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr (insert motivation)


Less famous sahaba:


Zaid the freed slave of Muahmamd was the father of Usama.


Usama ibn Zaid was made commander over Umar, Abu Bakr and Uthman at the age of 18 a few days before Muhammad's demise. When Umar and others protested regarding his young age, Muhammad silenced the protests.


Ubaidullah bin Abdullah retold the event of the pen and paper as he heard from Ibn Abbas.


Lubaynah accepted Islam, and Umar who had not accepted Islam by that time would beat her mercilessly until he was tired. He would then say, "I have only stopped beating you, because I am tired." She would say. "May God treat you in the same way".


Fazl ibn Abbas (insert motivation)


Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As (insert motivation)


Buraida Aslami (insert motivation)


Ubai ibn Ka'b (insert motivation)


Khuzaima ibn Thabit Dhu'sh-Shahadatain (insert motivation)


Abu'l-Hathama Bin Tihan (insert motivation)


Sahl ibn Hunaif (insert motivation)


Uthman ibn Hunaif Dhu'sh-Shahadatain (insert motivation)


Abu Ayub Ansari (insert motivation)


Jabir Ibn Abdullah Ansari (insert motivation)


Hudhaifa ibn Yaman (insert motivation)


Sa'd ibn Ubaida (insert motivation)


Qais ibn Sa'd (insert motivation)


Malik ibn Nuwayra was killed by Khalid ibn Walid before his wife was raped and killed.


Layla Bint al-Minhal was Malik ibn Nuwayras widow that got raped and killed by Khalid ibn Walid


neutral status

This can be defined as sahaba that held a neutral position to Ahl ul-Bayt, or later on changed their position. No general expected view regardin their aftelife. 9 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Talha (insert motivation)


Zubayr ibn al-Awwam aided Ali in the shed of bani Saad and refused to give allegiance to Abu Bakr, gave again allegiance when Ali was selected as Caliph, then broke that allegiance and went to war with him in the Battle of the Camel, and ultimately left that battle to be killed by people in Ali's army, against Ali's wishes.


Abdullah ibn Zubayr turned his father against Ali, argued with ibn Abbas for the legitimacy of the ban against temporary marriage, fought Yazid for the Caliphat.


Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas (insert motivation)


Abdullah Umar ibn Abbas did not give oath of allegiance to Yazid


Less famous sahaba:


Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf demanded that Ali was to follow the Quran, the way of Muhammad and also the way of Umar and Abu Bakr in order to be the third Caliph. Ali refused, Uthman became Caliph.


Um Ruman was Abu Bakr wife


Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah (insert motivation)


Said ibn Zayd (insert motivation)


negative status

This can be defined as sahaba that in words opposed Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to initialy go to hell, althought God knows best. 5 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Anas ibn Malik was famous for his disillusionment towards Ali


Abdullah ibn Umar contradicted his father regarding temporary marriage and also other of his misunderstandings, did not give oath of allegiance to Ali, disliked Ali, gave his oath of allegiance to Muawiya and received hundreds of thousands of dirham from him. He gave his oath to Yazid and demanded that no one that had done the same may oppose Yazid.


Abu Huraira was severely beaten by Umar ibn al-Khattab on several occasions, once when he was fired as governor while being accused of theft. Umar also called him a liar and forbade him to narrate ahadith from Muhammad. Later he strated to work for Muawiya as a irreligious serial fabricator of false hadith.


Abu Sufiyan ibn Harb for he was Muhammads arch enemy and Muawiyas step father.


Less famous sahaba:


Abdullah bin Aamir Hadhrami was assigned as guvernor by Uthman.


strongly negative status

This can be defined as sahaba that in action opposed Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to go to the deepest levels of hell, althought God knows best. 8 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Amr ibn al-As aided Muawiya during the Battle of Siffin and on his order poisoned Malik ibn Ashter.


Hind bint Utbah was Abu Sufiyan ibn Harb wife and Muawiyas mother. She desecrated the body of Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib in the battle of Uhud.


Abu Bakr ibn abu Qahafa with Umars help he usurped Ali's caliphate and Fatima Zaharas inheritance and the land of Fadak, gifted to her by Muhammad after having violated Muahmmads order by leaving Usama's dispatchment. He made Khalid ibn Walid his general and protected Khalids atrocities from Umars wrath.


Umar ibn al-Khattab Regarded as an unholy and ignorant usurper and illegitimate leader; see his main Wikipedia entry for partial further details of the Shia view (and the sharply contrasting Sunni view).


Uthman ibn Affan Established a hereditary system of government, gave enormous amount of money to the Umayyed, doubled the morning prayer, gave Muawiya power, continued with Umar's bid'ah, sent Abu Dharr Ghifari to Muawiya and then sent him to exile where he died, returned Marwan ibn Al-Hakam from Muhammads exile.


Khalid ibn al-Walid murdered muslims during Muhammad's life. After Muhammad's departure, he and Umar on Abu Bakrs order broke in to Ali's house, giving Fatima a deadly injury, and dragged Ali to Abu Bakr. Khalid mercilessly butchered a whole tribe of devout Muslims. Afterwords he raped and then killed one of the widows, Layla Bint al-Minhal. After that it became a routine for the Muslim rulers and commanders to kill, loot and plunder the Muslim communities for worldly gains. Labeled a fasiq muslim.


Muavya ibn Abu Sufyan opposed Alis caliphat, broke his agreement with Hasan, poisoned Hasan, established the 80 year long practice of cursing Ali and lastly but not least: Allowed Yazid to come into power. labled a munafiq muslim.


Marwan ibn al-Hakam killed his commander Talha.


Less famous sahaba:


to be ranked

  • Zayd ibn Harithah
  • Uthman ibn Maz'un
  • Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr
  • Ja'far ibn Abi Talib
  • Abdullah ibn Mas'ud


  • Abu Bakrah (is by the way among the Fuqaha and Ahl al-Fatwa of the Companions in whose time *extremely few of whom* )
  • Nafi ibn al-Harith ibn Kalada al-Thaqafi (Abu Bakrah's half-brother)


Other group designations

Muhammad's wives

The women that married Muhammad


Ahlul Bayt

Sahaba are different from Ahlul Bayt (translated as "People of the House"), Ahlul Bayt are the Prophet Muhammed and his "kith and kin"; his daughter Fatima, Ali and his grandchildren through them. (Sunni Sources 1 2)

In sunni sources it is explicitly said that the Prophets wives are not included in his household.

Muhammed is reported to leave two weighty things after him in the famous hadith of thaqlain,the Quran and his Ahl ul-Bayt.

Ancestors

The sahabas grand father and mothers can be found here: Sahaba's ancestors


Taba'een

The generation after the Sahaba is known as the Taba'een or "followers".


Taba Tabe'een

The generation after the Taba'een are called the taba Tabe'een


Other people

non Muslims that interacted with Muslims during Muhammmeds era


See also

List of companions of the prophet Muhammad

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Companions_of_the_Prophet&oldid=18042446"