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Muhammed is reported to leave two weighty things after him in the famous [http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/031.smt.html#031.5920 hadith of thaqlain],the Quran and his Ahl ul-Bayt.
Muhammed is reported to leave two weighty things after him in the famous [http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/031.smt.html#031.5920 hadith of thaqlain],the Quran and his Ahl ul-Bayt.


=== Ancestors===
=== [[Sahaba's ancestors|Ancestors]]===

The sahabas grand father and mothers can be found here: [[Sahaba's ancestors]]



[[Sahaba's ancestors]]


===''[[Taba'een]]''===
===''[[Taba'een]]''===

The generation after the Sahaba is known as the [[Taba'een]] or "followers".
The generation after the Sahaba is known as the [[Taba'een]] or "followers".





=== Other people ===
=== [[Taba Tabe'een]] ===

The generation after the Taba'een are called the [[Taba Tabe'een|taba Tabe'een]]



=== [[non Muslims that interacted with Muslims during Muhammmeds era|Other people]] ===


[[non Muslims that interacted with Muslims during Muhammmeds era]]
[[non Muslims that interacted with Muslims during Muhammmeds era]]

Revision as of 01:24, 2 July 2005

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In the Islamic religion, the Sahaba (or Asahaaba,الصحابه; both forms are plural--the singular is Sahaabi, which is Arabic for "friend", or "companion") are the companions of the Prophet Muhammad. A Sahabi knew or saw the Prophet, believed in his teachings, and died as a Muslim. At the time of the death of Muhammad, there were over 100,000 companions, tens of thousands of which have their names and biographies of various lengths recorded in readily available religious reference texts of the subject, ilmul-rijal, literally, "knowledge of men."

Sunnis claim that all Sahaba were truthfull and reliable. This can be ilustrated in that when Sunnis are evaluating the string of narations in one hadith, if there is a missing link in the chain of narrators, but they know that its a Sahabi, then according to "all the sahaba are truthfull" principle, the whole chain is authenticated, providing that the rest of the narators are reliable as well.

Shias do not have that rule and have different views on each Sahabi.

See also List of companions of the prophet Muhammad

List of Sahaba

Sunni view

All the following sahabis are great people and the best of earth's generations. The second best are the taba'een, and the third are the following that generation.

Top Ten Sahabis

The following ten where granted Paradise even as they lived, not implying that the rest are going elsewhere:

Four rightousley guided
  • 1 Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (51 B.H-13 A.H; 573-634 C.E)
  • 2 Umar bin Al-Khattab Al-Farooq (40 B.H-23 A.H; 584-644 C.E)
  • 3 Uthman bin Affan Ghani Dhun-Nurayn (47 B.H- 35 A.H; 577-656 C.E)
  • 4 Ali ibn abi Taleb (23 B.H- 40 A.H; 600-661 C.E)
following six Sahabis

Other Sahabis

The first four of them are also known as the "rightousley guided Caliphs" and are writen in the order they hade Caliphat and the order they where prefered during Muhmmads time.

the rest of the Sahaba where regarded equal in status, all granted blessings by God:


and many many others...


Shia view

Shias look at each Sahaba as an individual, preferring some above others.

There is no standardized guideline of status according to the Shia school of thought, it can not be established a Shia consensus regarding a detailed list based on rank.

However there is a general consensus on the approximate rank of each Sahaba, in the same way that most people would think very bad of Adolf Hitler and Ted Bundy and very good of Mahatma Ghandi and Jesus.

It would be impossible to establish a list showing the approximate view for each Sahaba for all the people in the world, since most people have very different frame of preference. However, it is much easier to do so if the targeted group have a similar frame of preference.


Most Shias have the same frame of preference regarding the relevant issues, since Shias have few sects and that most disagreements between the sects start after Husayn ibn Ali's era. This, and all sects being minority to the twelvers, explains why almost all Shia have a very similar frame of preference regarding the Sahaba, making this list relevant and accurate in the field of Social sciences rather then Hard science.

Shias can in general be expected to have a certain view on each Sahaba after havig understood what relevant actions (in the Shia point of view) the specific Sahaba have accomplished during his or her life.

This in contrast to Sunnis. Egyptian and Saudi Arabian have in general diffrently views on, for example, Muawiya ibn Abu sufyian, one more favorable and the other more dim, however, both are within the Sunni view that states that all Sahaba go to heaven.


Here follows manny, but not all, Sahaba with a short list of events that are relevant (in the Shia point of view) for establishing a view, ranked accordingly to their general perceived status.


The Ahl ul-Bayt are not included in this list, since the list revolves around them.


strongly positive status

This can be defined as sahaba that in action aided Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to go to the higher levels of heaven, althought God knows best. 11 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib is in contrast to Sunnis considered Muslim by Shias, arguing that Ali inherited him wich would be forbidden if he where an unbeliver.


Aminah bint Wahab was Muhammads mother and Muslim, although she was died befor Muhammads call.


Salman the Persian gave Muhammad the idea to dig the trench, is said that he was elevated in merited to the same level as the Ahl ul-Bayt. He did not give allegiance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so.


Abu Dharr Ghifari is called by Muhammed as "the most truthful man between heaven and earth", loudly opposed Uthmans caliphat, was exiled to death by Uthman.


Abdullah ibn Abbas was a staunch follower of Ali. Did not give alligance to Abu Bakr, until Ali supposedly did so. Accompanied Ali when he demanded his inheritance from Umar and sought very badly of Umar and Abu Bakr. Strongly argued against Umars prohibition of temporary marriage. Convinced 20'000 of 24'000 the Khawarij to return to Ali. Cried at the age of 70 when recalling Umar calling Muhammad "Delirius".


Malik ibn Ashter was Ali's general when he came close to killing Muaviya, then became his governor, has long and beautiful letter addressed to him in Nahj ul-Balagha in which Ali gives guidance in how to uphold a goverment. That letter was reffered to in the United Nations as a advice to arabs.


Ammar ibn Yasir was killed by Muawiyas army in the Battle of Siffin when he was 90 years old, as predicted by Muhammad.


Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib had his body desecrated in the battle of Uhud by Hind binte Utbah


Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr was Abu Bakr's son and a great companion of Ali. He was choosen to govern egypt, killed and tortured by Muawiya. He was against Uthmans rule.


Umm Khultum binte Ali was taken to Yazids palace after the Battle of Karbala.


Zaynab binte Ali was taken to Yazids palace after the Battle of Karbala.


Less famous sahaba:


positive status

This can be defined as sahaba that in words aided Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to go to the heaven, althought God knows best. 26 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Abbas ibn Abdu'l-Muttalib (insert motivation)


Asma bint Umais was Abu Bakr's wife. When Abu Bakr died, she married Ali.


Miqdad ibn al-Aswad al-Kindi (insert motivation)


Bilal bin Ribah stoped singing the adhan after Muhammad as his protest of Ali's right being usurped.


Zaid ibn Arqam reiterated the hadith of thaqalyan in Sahi Muslim.


Sa'd ibn Mu'adh (insert motivation)


Abd al-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr (insert motivation)


Less famous sahaba:


Zaid the freed slave of Muahmamd was the father of Usama.


Usama ibn Zaid was made commander over Umar, Abu Bakr and Uthman at the age of 18 a few days before Muhammad's demise. When Umar and others protested regarding his young age, Muhammad silenced the protests.


Ubaidullah bin Abdullah retold the event of the pen and paper as he heard from Ibn Abbas.


Lubaynah accepted Islam, and Umar who had not accepted Islam by that time would beat her mercilessly until he was tired. He would then say, "I have only stopped beating you, because I am tired." She would say. "May God treat you in the same way".


Fazl ibn Abbas (insert motivation)


Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As (insert motivation)


Buraida Aslami (insert motivation)


Ubai ibn Ka'b (insert motivation)


Khuzaima ibn Thabit Dhu'sh-Shahadatain (insert motivation)


Abu'l-Hathama Bin Tihan (insert motivation)


Sahl ibn Hunaif (insert motivation)


Uthman ibn Hunaif Dhu'sh-Shahadatain (insert motivation)


Abu Ayub Ansari (insert motivation)


Jabir Ibn Abdullah Ansari (insert motivation)


Hudhaifa ibn Yaman (insert motivation)


Sa'd ibn Ubaida (insert motivation)


Qais ibn Sa'd (insert motivation)


Malik ibn Nuwayra was killed by Khalid ibn Walid before his wife was raped and killed.


Layla Bint al-Minhal was Malik ibn Nuwayras widow that got raped and killed by Khalid ibn Walid


neutral status

This can be defined as sahaba that held a neutral position to Ahl ul-Bayt, or later on changed their position. No general expected view regardin their aftelife. 9 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Talha (insert motivation)


Zubayr ibn al-Awwam aided Ali in the shed of bani Saad and refused to give allegiance to Abu Bakr, gave again allegiance when Ali was selected as Caliph, then broke that allegiance and went to war with him in the Battle of the Camel, and ultimately left that battle to be killed by people in Ali's army, against Ali's wishes.


Abdullah ibn Zubayr turned his father against Ali, argued with ibn Abbas for the legitimacy of the ban against temporary marriage, fought Yazid for the Caliphat.


Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas (insert motivation)


Abdullah Umar ibn Abbas did not give oath of allegiance to Yazid


Less famous sahaba:


Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf demanded that Ali was to follow the Quran, the way of Muhammad and also the way of Umar and Abu Bakr in order to be the third Caliph. Ali refused, Uthman became Caliph.


Um Ruman was Abu Bakr wife


Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah (insert motivation)


Sa'id ibn Zayd ibn Amr (insert motivation)


negative status

This can be defined as sahaba that in words opposed Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to initialy go to hell, althought God knows best. 5 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Anas ibn Malik was famous for his disillusionment towards Ali


Abdullah ibn Umar contradicted his father regarding temporary marriage and also other of his misunderstandings, did not give oath of allegiance to Ali, disliked Ali, gave his oath of allegiance to Muawiya and received hundreds of thousands of dirham from him. He gave his oath to Yazid and demanded that no one that had done the same may oppose Yazid.


Abu Huraira was severely beaten by Umar ibn al-Khattab on several occasions, once when he was fired as governor while being accused of theft. Umar also called him a liar and forbade him to narrate ahadith from Muhammad. Later he strated to work for Muawiya as a irreligious serial fabricator of false hadith.


Abu Sufiyan ibn Harb for he was Muhammads arch enemy and Muawiyas step father.


Less famous sahaba:


Abdullah bin Aamir Hadhrami was assigned as guvernor by Uthman.


strongly negative status

This can be defined as sahaba that in action opposed Ahl ul-Bayt and are expected to go to the deepest levels of hell, althought God knows best. 8 included so far


Famous sahaba:


Amr ibn al-As aided Muawiya during the Battle of Siffin and on his order poisoned Malik ibn Ashter.


Hind bint Utbah was Abu Sufiyan ibn Harb wife and Muawiyas mother. She desecrated the body of Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib in the battle of Uhud.


Abu Bakr ibn abu Qahafa with Umars help he usurped Ali's caliphate and Fatima Zaharas inheritance and the land of Fadak, gifted to her by Muhammad after having violated Muahmmads order by leaving Usama's dispatchment. He made Khalid ibn Walid his general and protected Khalids atrocities from Umars wrath.


Umar ibn al-Khattab Regarded as an unholy and ignorant usurper and illegitimate leader; see his main Wikipedia entry for partial further details of the Shia view (and the sharply contrasting Sunni view).


Uthman ibn Affan Established a hereditary system of government, gave enormous amount of money to the Umayyed, doubled the morning prayer, gave Muawiya power, continued with Umar's bid'ah, sent Abu Dharr Ghifari to Muawiya and then sent him to exile where he died, returned Marwan ibn Al-Hakam from Muhammads exile.


Khalid ibn al-Walid murdered muslims during Muhammad's life. After Muhammad's departure, he and Umar on Abu Bakrs order broke in to Ali's house, giving Fatima a deadly injury, and dragged Ali to Abu Bakr. Khalid mercilessly butchered a whole tribe of devout Muslims. Afterwords he raped and then killed one of the widows, Layla Bint al-Minhal. After that it became a routine for the Muslim rulers and commanders to kill, loot and plunder the Muslim communities for worldly gains. Labeled a fasiq muslim.


Muavya ibn Abu Sufyan opposed Alis caliphat, broke his agreement with Hasan, poisoned Hasan, established the 80 year long practice of cursing Ali and lastly but not least: Allowed Yazid to come into power. labled a munafiq muslim.


Marwan ibn al-Hakam killed his commander Talha.


Less famous sahaba:


to be ranked

  • Zayd ibn Harithah
  • Uthman ibn Maz'un
  • Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr
  • Ja'far ibn Abi Talib
  • Abdullah ibn Mas'ud




Other group designations

Muhammad's wives

The women that married Muhammad


Ahlul Bayt

Sahaba are different from Ahlul Bayt (translated as "People of the House"), Ahlul Bayt are the Prophet Muhammed and his "kith and kin"; his daughter Fatima, Ali and his grandchildren through them.

Sunni Sources 1 2

In sunni sources it is explicitly said that the Prophets wives are not included in his household.

Muhammed is reported to leave two weighty things after him in the famous hadith of thaqlain,the Quran and his Ahl ul-Bayt.

Ancestors

The sahabas grand father and mothers can be found here: Sahaba's ancestors


Taba'een

The generation after the Sahaba is known as the Taba'een or "followers".


Taba Tabe'een

The generation after the Taba'een are called the taba Tabe'een


Other people

non Muslims that interacted with Muslims during Muhammmeds era

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