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[[Image:Johann (Sachsen).jpg|thumb|John of Saxony]]
[[Image:Johann (Sachsen).jpg|thumb|John of Saxony]]
'''John''' ({{lang-de|Johann}}; [[12 December]] [[1801]] – [[29 October]] [[1873]]) was a [[monarch|King]] of [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] from the [[House of Wettin]].
'''John''' (full name: ''Johann Nepomuk Maria Joseph Anton Xaver Vincenz Aloys Franz de Paula Stanislaus Bernhard Paul Felix Damasus'') (({{lang-de|Johann}}; b. [[Dresden]], [[12 December]] [[1801]] – d. [[Pillnitz]], [[29 October]] [[1873]]) was a [[monarch|King]] of [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxony]] and a member of the [[House of Wettin]].


John born in the Saxon capital [[Dresden]]. He was the son of [[Maximilian, Prince of Saxony]] (1759-1838), and his first wife, [[Caroline of Bourbon-Parma]] (1770-1804). He became King of Saxony after the death of his brother [[Frederick Augustus II of Saxony|Frederick Augustus II]] in 1854. John died at [[Pillnitz]] and was succeeded as king by his son [[Albert of Saxony|Albert]].
He was the third son of [[Maximilian, Prince of Saxony]] -younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony- by his first wife, [[Princess Caroline of Parma|Caroline of Bourbon, Princess of Parma]].


==Early Life==

During most part of his life, Johann had little chances to inherited the Saxon Crown: he was preceded by his father and two older brothers, Frederick Augustus and Klemens. However, in [[1822]] Klemens died unmarried in [[Italy]], and Johann became now only preceded by his older brother Frederick Augustus in the line of succession.

When his uncle Anton succeded his older brother as King ([[1827]]), Johann became in the third in line to the throne, and after the renunciation of his father Maximilian to his succesion rights in [[1830]], in the second in line. Johann's older brother became King Frederick Augustus II in [[1836]]; now he was the first in line of succesion to the throne as Crown Prince (de: ''Kronprinz''). The King, married twice, was childless, and for this, Johann remained as Heir presumptive during all the reign of Frederick Augustus II.


==King of Saxony==

Johann became King of Saxony after the death of his brother [[Frederick Augustus II of Saxony|Frederick Augustus II]] on [[9 August]] [[1854]].

The Judiciary Organization of [[1855]], the extension of the railroad network, the introduction of the freedom of trade are mainly to be owed to his suggestion and promotion. Under his government, it came to the acceptance of the French Commercial Treaty ([[1862]]) and for the acknowledgment of Italy of a contract with this Empire. He exerted himself under influence of his Minister [[Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust]] for the Great Germany Solution (de: [[''Großdeutschland|Großdeutsche]] Lösung'') of the imperial arrangement (under inclusion of Austria). Saxony fought on [[1866]] in the [[Austro-Prussian War]]. Finally, after the defeat of the [[Battle of Königgrätz]] Saxon joined to the North German Union and in [[1871]] to the German Empire under the hegemony of the Kingdom of Prussia. The King died two years later, aged seventy-one.

Near his political work Johann was busy with literature. Under the [[pseudonym]] ''Philalethes'' translated to German the [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s [[The Divine Comedy|Divine Comedy]]; some parts of this work were placed in the [[Schloss Weesenstein]]. The [[Dresden]] district of [[Johannstadt]] was named after him.


==Ancestors==
==Ancestors==
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==Marriage and Issue==

== Family ==


On [[21 November]] [[1822]] at Dresden, John married [[Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria|Amelia]] of [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (1801-1877), daughter of King [[Maximilian I of Bavaria]] (1756-1825) and his second wife [[Caroline of Baden|Karoline]] of [[Baden]] (1776-1841). Amelia's twin sister [[Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria|Elisabeth]] was the [[queen consort]] of King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]]. John and Amelia had nine children:
On [[21 November]] [[1822]] at Dresden, John married [[Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria|Amelia]] of [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavaria]] (1801-1877), daughter of King [[Maximilian I of Bavaria]] (1756-1825) and his second wife [[Caroline of Baden|Karoline]] of [[Baden]] (1776-1841). Amelia's twin sister [[Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria|Elisabeth]] was the [[queen consort]] of King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]]. John and Amelia had nine children:

Revision as of 01:18, 18 December 2007

"John of Saxony" may also refer to John, Elector of Saxony (1468–1532).
John of Saxony

John (full name: Johann Nepomuk Maria Joseph Anton Xaver Vincenz Aloys Franz de Paula Stanislaus Bernhard Paul Felix Damasus) ((German: Johann; b. Dresden, 12 December 1801 – d. Pillnitz, 29 October 1873) was a King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.

He was the third son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony -younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony- by his first wife, Caroline of Bourbon, Princess of Parma.


Early Life

During most part of his life, Johann had little chances to inherited the Saxon Crown: he was preceded by his father and two older brothers, Frederick Augustus and Klemens. However, in 1822 Klemens died unmarried in Italy, and Johann became now only preceded by his older brother Frederick Augustus in the line of succession.

When his uncle Anton succeded his older brother as King (1827), Johann became in the third in line to the throne, and after the renunciation of his father Maximilian to his succesion rights in 1830, in the second in line. Johann's older brother became King Frederick Augustus II in 1836; now he was the first in line of succesion to the throne as Crown Prince (de: Kronprinz). The King, married twice, was childless, and for this, Johann remained as Heir presumptive during all the reign of Frederick Augustus II.


King of Saxony

Johann became King of Saxony after the death of his brother Frederick Augustus II on 9 August 1854.

The Judiciary Organization of 1855, the extension of the railroad network, the introduction of the freedom of trade are mainly to be owed to his suggestion and promotion. Under his government, it came to the acceptance of the French Commercial Treaty (1862) and for the acknowledgment of Italy of a contract with this Empire. He exerted himself under influence of his Minister Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust for the Great Germany Solution (de: Großdeutsche Lösung) of the imperial arrangement (under inclusion of Austria). Saxony fought on 1866 in the Austro-Prussian War. Finally, after the defeat of the Battle of Königgrätz Saxon joined to the North German Union and in 1871 to the German Empire under the hegemony of the Kingdom of Prussia. The King died two years later, aged seventy-one.

Near his political work Johann was busy with literature. Under the pseudonym Philalethes translated to German the Dante's Divine Comedy; some parts of this work were placed in the Schloss Weesenstein. The Dresden district of Johannstadt was named after him.

Ancestors

John's ancestors in three generations
John of Saxony Father:
Prince Maximilian of Saxony 		Paternal Grandfather:
Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony 		Paternal Great-grandfather:
Augustus III of Poland
Paternal Great-grandmother:
Maria Josepha of Austria
Paternal Grandmother:
Maria Antonia Walpurgis 		Paternal Great-grandfather:
Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Paternal Great-grandmother:
Maria Amalia of Austria
Mother:
Princess Caroline of Parma 		Maternal Grandfather:
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma 		Maternal Great-grandfather:
Philip, Duke of Parma
Maternal Great-grandmother:
Princess Louise-Élisabeth of France
Maternal Grandmother:
Archduchess Marie Amalie of Austria 		Maternal Great-grandfather:
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maternal Great-grandmother:
Maria Theresa of Austria

Marriage and Issue

On 21 November 1822 at Dresden, John married Amelia of Bavaria (1801-1877), daughter of King Maximilian I of Bavaria (1756-1825) and his second wife Karoline of Baden (1776-1841). Amelia's twin sister Elisabeth was the queen consort of King Frederick William IV of Prussia. John and Amelia had nine children:


John, King of Saxony
Born: December 12 1801 Died: October 29 1873
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Saxony
1854-1873 		Succeeded by
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