Gunner Kelly

Ray "Gunner" Kelly (born 1906 Broken Hill NSW died 1976) was an Australian police officer from Sydney who became famous during his career owing to his high-profile cases and results.

Also known as "Machine Gun Kelly", he gained national fame as the head of the investigation into the notorious kidnapping and murder of Sydney schoolboy Graham Thorne in 1960.

Kelly gained further renown in 1967 thanks to his highly-publicised capture of prison escapees Ronald Ryan and Peter John Walker in 1967. However, according to writer Tony Reeves, -- the biographer of Sydney crime boss Lenny McPherson -- Kelly was able to capture the pair easily because they had been betrayed by McPherson -- they had come to McPherson seeking his help to leave the country, but McPherson then set up a bogus meeting with Ryan and Walker at Concord Hospital in Sydney and tipped off Kelly..

Kelly often leaked stories to journalist Bill Jenkings of the now-defunct Sydney newspaper The Daily Mirror. He retired in 1966 as the best-known and best-regarded police officer in Sydney.

By the time he died in 1977, however, his reputation had been tarnished by serious corruption allegations, many of which were canvassed in David Hickie's 1985 book The Prince and The Premier. Hickie and others have alleged that Kelly and Det. Fred Krahe were involved in the protection rackets that fed on Sydney's notorious illegal abortion industry . Kelly also made "no secret" of his association with figures such as notorious abortionist Dr Reginald Stuart-Jones, illegal gaming czars Perc Galea and Joe Taylor and leading Sydney gangster Charles "Paddles" Anderson. Author Tony Reeves quoted a former police officer who said that Kelly "ran" Lenny McPherson as an informant for many years, According to Reeves, Kelly kept the lid on numerous crimes to reward or gain influence over McPherson and others and learned early in his career that he could exert a powerful influence on criminal activities by setting up underworld killings of criminals who could not be controlled by other means.

Kelly was also legendary for his prowess in "verballing" alleged criminals. This notorious practice involved coering verbal confessions from people for offences they may not have committed and Kelly used the practice so effectively that barrister (later Justice) Simon Isaacs nicknamed him "Verbal Kelly".

Kelly acquired the "Gunner" nickname after two incidents early in his career when he drew his service revolver and fired at suspects. It was his successes as a detective that made his name, however, and his talents were used in situations when particular approaches were warranted.

For example, when the British gangster Billy Hill sailed into Sydney with the intention of starting a new life in Australia, Kelly was detailed to ensure that he didn't land. Hill had a legal right to enter the country, so an unorthodox approach was required. Kelly met Hill in his cabin, identified himself, and told Hill that if he stepped off the boat he would return to Britain a week later, in a coffin. Kelly was deadly serious; Hill stayed on the boat and returned to Britain, and never tried to visit Australia again.