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{{short description|Sexual fixation on individuals of particular age ranges}}
{{short description|Sexual fixation on individuals of particular age ranges}}
The term '''chronophilia''' was used by psychologist [[John Money]] to describe a form of [[paraphilia]] in which an individual experiences sexual fixation limited to individuals of particular age ranges.<ref>{{cite book | author = Money, John |author-link = John Money| year = 1986 | title = Lovemaps: clinical concepts of sexual/erotic health and pathology, paraphilia, and gender transposition of childhood, adolescence, and maturity | isbn = 978-0-8290-1589-8 | pages = 70, 260}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author = Money, John |author-link= John Money | year = 1990| title = Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation | url = https://archive.org/details/gaystraightinbet0000mone | url-access = registration | isbn = 978-0-19-505407-1 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/gaystraightinbet0000mone/page/137 137], 183}}</ref> The term has not been widely adopted by [[sexology|sexologists]], who instead use terms that refer to the specific age range in question. An arguable historical precursor was [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]]'s concept of "age fetishism".<ref name="janssen">{{cite journal | last = Janssen | first = D.F. | year = 2015 | title = "Chronophilia": Entries of Erotic Age Preference into Descriptive Psychopathology | journal = Medical History | volume = 59 | issue = 4 | pages = 575–598 | issn = 0025-7273 | doi=10.1017/mdh.2015.47 | pmid=26352305 | pmc=4595948}}</ref>
The term '''chronophilia''' was used by psychologist [[John Money]] to describe varying forms of sexual preference and/or sexual fixation limited to individuals of particular age ranges. Some such fixations, specifically those towards prepubescents and those towards the elderly, constitute types of [[paraphilia]]. <ref>{{cite book | author = Money, John |author-link = John Money| year = 1986 | title = Lovemaps: clinical concepts of sexual/erotic health and pathology, paraphilia, and gender transposition of childhood, adolescence, and maturity | isbn = 978-0-8290-1589-8 | pages = 70, 260}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author = Money, John |author-link= John Money | year = 1990| title = Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation | url = https://archive.org/details/gaystraightinbet0000mone | url-access = registration | isbn = 978-0-19-505407-1 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/gaystraightinbet0000mone/page/137 137], 183}}</ref> The term has not been widely adopted by [[sexology|sexologists]], who instead use terms that refer to the specific age range in question. An arguable historical precursor was [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]]'s concept of "age fetishism".<ref name="janssen">{{cite journal | last = Janssen | first = D.F. | year = 2015 | title = "Chronophilia": Entries of Erotic Age Preference into Descriptive Psychopathology | journal = Medical History | volume = 59 | issue = 4 | pages = 575–598 | issn = 0025-7273 | doi=10.1017/mdh.2015.47 | pmid=26352305 | pmc=4595948}}</ref> Importantly, chronophilia are technically not determined by age itself, but by human sexual maturity stages, such as body type, secondary sexual characteristics and other visible features, particularly as measured by the stages of the [[Tanner scale]].<ref name="Seto_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Seto MC | title = The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–22 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27549306 | doi = 10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y | s2cid = 254256051 }}</ref>


==Sexual preferences based on age==
==Sexual preferences based on age==
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***'''[[Pedophilia]]''' is a [[Mental disorder|psychological disorder]] in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a sexual fixation on prepubescent youth.<ref name="WHOPaedophilia">World Health Organization, [https://web.archive.org/web/20061028063020/http://www.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/gf60.htm#F654 ''International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: ICD-10''] Section F65.4: Pedophilia (online access via ICD-10 site map table of contents)</ref><ref name="Blanchard2007">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1177/107906320701900307 | pmid = 17634757 | last1 = Blanchard | first1 = R. | last2 = Kolla | first2 = N. J. | last3 = Cantor | first3 = J. M. | last4 = Klassen | first4 = P. E. | last5 = Dickey | first5 = R. | last6 = Kuban | first6 = M. E. | last7 = Blak | first7 = T. | year = 2007 | title = IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source | journal = Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | volume = 19 | issue = 3| pages = 285–309 | s2cid = 220359453 }}</ref> According to the fifth edition of the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM-5), pedophilia is a [[paraphilia]] in which a person has intense sexual urges towards children, and experiences recurrent sexual urges towards and [[fantasy (psychology)|fantasies]] about children. Pedophilic disorder is further defined as psychological disorder in which a person meets the criteria for pedophilia above, and also either acts upon those urges, or else experiences distress or interpersonal difficulty as a consequence.<ref>American Psychiatric Association, [http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf ''Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019204551/http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf |date=October 19, 2013 }} Paraphilic disorders (page 18)</ref><ref name="dsm4">{{cite book | last = American Psychiatric Association | author-link = American Psychiatric Association | title = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV TR (Text Revision) | volume = 1 | url = http://www.psychiatryonline.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=1 | date = June 2000 | publisher = American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. | location = Arlington, VA, USA | isbn = 978-0-89042-024-9 | doi = 10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 | page = 943 | access-date = 2010-05-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111025012701/http://www.psychiatryonline.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=1 | archive-date = 2011-10-25 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The diagnosis can be made under the DSM or [[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems|ICD]] criteria for persons age 16 and older.<ref name="ICD10">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/GRNBOOK.pdf |title=The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders – Diagnostic criteria for research }}&nbsp;{{small|(715&nbsp;KB)}} (see F65.4, pp. 166–167)</ref><ref name="faganJAMA">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fagan PJ, Wise TN, Schmidt CW, Berlin FS |title=Pedophilia |journal=JAMA |volume=288 |issue=19 |pages=2458–65 |date=November 2002 |pmid=12435259 |doi=10.1001/jama.288.19.2458 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12435259 |access-date=2010-05-14 |archive-date=2020-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304103354/http://jamanetwork.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12435259 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
***'''[[Pedophilia]]''' is a [[Mental disorder|psychological disorder]] in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a sexual fixation on prepubescent youth.<ref name="WHOPaedophilia">World Health Organization, [https://web.archive.org/web/20061028063020/http://www.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/gf60.htm#F654 ''International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: ICD-10''] Section F65.4: Pedophilia (online access via ICD-10 site map table of contents)</ref><ref name="Blanchard2007">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1177/107906320701900307 | pmid = 17634757 | last1 = Blanchard | first1 = R. | last2 = Kolla | first2 = N. J. | last3 = Cantor | first3 = J. M. | last4 = Klassen | first4 = P. E. | last5 = Dickey | first5 = R. | last6 = Kuban | first6 = M. E. | last7 = Blak | first7 = T. | year = 2007 | title = IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source | journal = Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | volume = 19 | issue = 3| pages = 285–309 | s2cid = 220359453 }}</ref> According to the fifth edition of the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM-5), pedophilia is a [[paraphilia]] in which a person has intense sexual urges towards children, and experiences recurrent sexual urges towards and [[fantasy (psychology)|fantasies]] about children. Pedophilic disorder is further defined as psychological disorder in which a person meets the criteria for pedophilia above, and also either acts upon those urges, or else experiences distress or interpersonal difficulty as a consequence.<ref>American Psychiatric Association, [http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf ''Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019204551/http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf |date=October 19, 2013 }} Paraphilic disorders (page 18)</ref><ref name="dsm4">{{cite book | last = American Psychiatric Association | author-link = American Psychiatric Association | title = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV TR (Text Revision) | volume = 1 | url = http://www.psychiatryonline.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=1 | date = June 2000 | publisher = American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. | location = Arlington, VA, USA | isbn = 978-0-89042-024-9 | doi = 10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 | page = 943 | access-date = 2010-05-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111025012701/http://www.psychiatryonline.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=1 | archive-date = 2011-10-25 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The diagnosis can be made under the DSM or [[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems|ICD]] criteria for persons age 16 and older.<ref name="ICD10">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/GRNBOOK.pdf |title=The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders – Diagnostic criteria for research }}&nbsp;{{small|(715&nbsp;KB)}} (see F65.4, pp. 166–167)</ref><ref name="faganJAMA">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fagan PJ, Wise TN, Schmidt CW, Berlin FS |title=Pedophilia |journal=JAMA |volume=288 |issue=19 |pages=2458–65 |date=November 2002 |pmid=12435259 |doi=10.1001/jama.288.19.2458 |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12435259 |access-date=2010-05-14 |archive-date=2020-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304103354/http://jamanetwork.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12435259 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
**Fixation on adolescents
**Fixation on adolescents
***'''[[Hebephilia]]''' and '''[[ephebophilia]]''' are sexual fixations on pubescent and post-pubescent youths, respectively.<ref name="Blanchard2008">Blanchard, R., Lykins, A. D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M. E., Cantor, J. M., Blak, T., Dickey, R., & Klassen, P. E. (2008). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM–V. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior.'' {{doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9}}.</ref> The term ''hebephilia'' was introduced by Bernard Glueck in 1955.<ref>Glueck, B. C. Jr. (1955). ''Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955.'' New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene.</ref>
***'''[[Hebephilia]]''' is a sexual fixation on early-pubescent youths in Tanner Stages 2 and 3. '''[[Ephebophilia]]''' is a sexual fixation on late-pubescent youths in Tanner Stage 4. <ref name="Blanchard2008">Blanchard, R., Lykins, A. D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M. E., Cantor, J. M., Blak, T., Dickey, R., & Klassen, P. E. (2008). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM–V. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior.'' {{doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9}}.</ref> The term ''hebephilia'' was introduced by Bernard Glueck in 1955.<ref>Glueck, B. C. Jr. (1955). ''Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955.'' New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene.</ref> Ephebophilia is not classified as a paraphilia, due to overlaps with teleiophilia and overlaps and similarities between Tanner Stages 4 and 5. Forensic psychologist and sexologist Dr. [[Michael Seto]] has noted ""older adolescents are reproductively viable and the fact that typically men are sexually attracted to older adolescents, as reflected in self-report, psychophysiological, and pornography use studies (Freund, Seeley, Marshall, & Glinfort, 1972; Symons, 1979)".<ref name="Seto">{{Cite web | vauthors = Seto M |title=What are chronophilias? |url=http://theconversation.com/what-are-chronophilias-88074 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Phenix A, Hoberman H | title = Sexual Offending: Predisposing Antecedents, Assessments and Management | page = 30 | year = 2015 | ISBN 978-1493924165 }}</ref>
*Attraction to adults
*Attraction to adults
**'''Teleiophilia''' (from Greek ''téleios'', "full grown") is a sexual preference for adults.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1023/A:1001943719964 | last1 = Blanchard | first1 = R. | last2 = Barbaree | first2 = H. E. | last3 = Bogaert | first3 = A. F. | last4 = Dickey | first4 = R. | last5 = Klassen | first5 = P. | last6 = Kuban | first6 = M. E. | last7 = Zucker | year = 2000 | first7 = KJ | title = Fraternal birth order and sexual orientation in pedophiles | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 29 | issue = 5| pages = 463–478 | pmid = 10983250 | s2cid = 19755751 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> The term was coined by [[Ray Blanchard]] in 2000 and has seen less public adoption than some newer terms.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Blanchard, R. |author2=Barbaree, H. E. |name-list-style=amp | year = 2005 | title = The strength of sexual arousal as a function of the age of the sex offender: Comparisons among pedophiles, hebephiles, and teleiophiles | journal = Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 441–456 | doi=10.1177/107906320501700407|pmid=16341604 |s2cid=220355347 }}</ref>
**'''Teleiophilia''' (from Greek ''téleios'', "full grown") is a sexual preference for adults, spcifically for adult body types, as it also technically encompasses sexual attraction towards postpubertal, sexually mature teenagers.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1023/A:1001943719964 | last1 = Blanchard | first1 = R. | last2 = Barbaree | first2 = H. E. | last3 = Bogaert | first3 = A. F. | last4 = Dickey | first4 = R. | last5 = Klassen | first5 = P. | last6 = Kuban | first6 = M. E. | last7 = Zucker | year = 2000 | first7 = KJ | title = Fraternal birth order and sexual orientation in pedophiles | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 29 | issue = 5| pages = 463–478 | pmid = 10983250 | s2cid = 19755751 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> Dr. [[Michael Seto]] states: "A sexual preference in those in late adolescence who show many signs of sexual maturity (Tanner stage 4) or who are sexually mature (Tanner stage 5) is not representative of hebephilia; instead, it can be described as ephebophilia or teleiophilia (Hames & Blanchard, 2012)." <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Seto MC | title = Sexual offenders: Predisposing antecedents, assessments, and management | isbn = 978-1-4939-2415-8 | pages = 29-44 | date = January 2016 | DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-2416-5_3 }}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Hames |first1=Raymond |last2=Blanchard |first2=Ray |date=2012-08-01 |title=Anthropological Data Regarding the Adaptiveness of Hebephilia |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9972-0 |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |language=en |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=745–747 |doi=10.1007/s10508-012-9972-0 |pmid=22644593 |s2cid=254261711 |issn=1573-2800}}</ref> The term was coined by [[Ray Blanchard]] in 2000 and has seen less public adoption than some newer terms.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Blanchard, R. |author2=Barbaree, H. E. |name-list-style=amp | year = 2005 | title = The strength of sexual arousal as a function of the age of the sex offender: Comparisons among pedophiles, hebephiles, and teleiophiles | journal = Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 441–456 | doi=10.1177/107906320501700407|pmid=16341604 |s2cid=220355347 }}</ref>
***'''Mesophilia''' (derived from the Greek "mesos", "intermediate") is a sexual preference for middle-aged adults. The term was coined by [[Michael Seto]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Seto, M | year = 2016 | title = The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–22 | doi=10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y| pmid = 27549306 | s2cid = 1555795 }}</ref>
***'''Mesophilia''' (derived from the Greek "mesos", "intermediate") is a sexual preference for middle-aged adults. The term was coined by [[Michael Seto]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Seto, M | year = 2016 | title = The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–22 | doi=10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y| pmid = 27549306 | s2cid = 1555795 }}</ref>
***'''[[Gerontophilia]]''' is a sexual preference for the elderly.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kaul | first1 = A. | last2 = Duffy | first2 = S. | year = 1991 | title = Gerontophilia: A case report | journal = [[Medicine, Science and the Law]] | volume = 31 | issue = 2| pages = 110–114 | doi = 10.1177/002580249103100204 | pmid = 2062191 | s2cid = 6455643 }}</ref>
***'''[[Gerontophilia]]''' is a sexual preference for the elderly.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kaul | first1 = A. | last2 = Duffy | first2 = S. | year = 1991 | title = Gerontophilia: A case report | journal = [[Medicine, Science and the Law]] | volume = 31 | issue = 2| pages = 110–114 | doi = 10.1177/002580249103100204 | pmid = 2062191 | s2cid = 6455643 }}</ref>

Revision as of 06:00, 26 May 2023

The term chronophilia was used by psychologist John Money to describe varying forms of sexual preference and/or sexual fixation limited to individuals of particular age ranges. Some such fixations, specifically those towards prepubescents and those towards the elderly, constitute types of paraphilia. [1][2] The term has not been widely adopted by sexologists, who instead use terms that refer to the specific age range in question. An arguable historical precursor was Richard von Krafft-Ebing's concept of "age fetishism".[3] Importantly, chronophilia are technically not determined by age itself, but by human sexual maturity stages, such as body type, secondary sexual characteristics and other visible features, particularly as measured by the stages of the Tanner scale.[4]

Sexual preferences based on age

  • Sexual fixation on minors
    • Pedohebephilia refers to an expansion and reclassification of pedophilia and hebephilia with subgroups, proposed during the development of the DSM-5.[5] It refers more broadly to sexual fixations. Under the proposed revisions, people who are dysfunctional as a result of it would be diagnosed with pedohebephilic disorder. People would be broken down into types based on the idea of being fixated on one, the other or both of the subgroups. The proposed revision was not ratified for inclusion in the final published version of DSM-5.
      • Infantophilia (sometimes called nepiophilia) is a subtype of pedophilia describing a sexual fixation on children less than 5 years old (including toddlers and infants).[6]
      • Pedophilia is a psychological disorder in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a sexual fixation on prepubescent youth.[7][8] According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), pedophilia is a paraphilia in which a person has intense sexual urges towards children, and experiences recurrent sexual urges towards and fantasies about children. Pedophilic disorder is further defined as psychological disorder in which a person meets the criteria for pedophilia above, and also either acts upon those urges, or else experiences distress or interpersonal difficulty as a consequence.[9][10] The diagnosis can be made under the DSM or ICD criteria for persons age 16 and older.[11][12]
    • Fixation on adolescents
      • Hebephilia is a sexual fixation on early-pubescent youths in Tanner Stages 2 and 3. Ephebophilia is a sexual fixation on late-pubescent youths in Tanner Stage 4. [13] The term hebephilia was introduced by Bernard Glueck in 1955.[14] Ephebophilia is not classified as a paraphilia, due to overlaps with teleiophilia and overlaps and similarities between Tanner Stages 4 and 5. Forensic psychologist and sexologist Dr. Michael Seto has noted ""older adolescents are reproductively viable and the fact that typically men are sexually attracted to older adolescents, as reflected in self-report, psychophysiological, and pornography use studies (Freund, Seeley, Marshall, & Glinfort, 1972; Symons, 1979)".[15]

[16]

  • Attraction to adults
    • Teleiophilia (from Greek téleios, "full grown") is a sexual preference for adults, spcifically for adult body types, as it also technically encompasses sexual attraction towards postpubertal, sexually mature teenagers.[17] Dr. Michael Seto states: "A sexual preference in those in late adolescence who show many signs of sexual maturity (Tanner stage 4) or who are sexually mature (Tanner stage 5) is not representative of hebephilia; instead, it can be described as ephebophilia or teleiophilia (Hames & Blanchard, 2012)." [18] [19] The term was coined by Ray Blanchard in 2000 and has seen less public adoption than some newer terms.[20]
      • Mesophilia (derived from the Greek "mesos", "intermediate") is a sexual preference for middle-aged adults. The term was coined by Michael Seto in 2016.[21]
      • Gerontophilia is a sexual preference for the elderly.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ Money, John (1986). Lovemaps: clinical concepts of sexual/erotic health and pathology, paraphilia, and gender transposition of childhood, adolescence, and maturity. pp. 70, 260. ISBN 978-0-8290-1589-8.
  2. ^ Money, John (1990). Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation. pp. 137, 183. ISBN 978-0-19-505407-1.
  3. ^ Janssen, D.F. (2015). ""Chronophilia": Entries of Erotic Age Preference into Descriptive Psychopathology". Medical History. 59 (4): 575–598. doi:10.1017/mdh.2015.47. ISSN 0025-7273. PMC 4595948. PMID 26352305.
  4. ^ Seto MC (January 2017). "The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 46 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y. PMID 27549306. S2CID 254256051.
  5. ^ DSM-5 U 03 Archived 2011-11-13 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Greenberg DM, Bradford J, Curry S (1995). "Infantophilia--a new subcategory of pedophilia?: a preliminary study". Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 23 (1): 63–71. PMID 7599373..
  7. ^ World Health Organization, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: ICD-10 Section F65.4: Pedophilia (online access via ICD-10 site map table of contents)
  8. ^ Blanchard, R.; Kolla, N. J.; Cantor, J. M.; Klassen, P. E.; Dickey, R.; Kuban, M. E.; Blak, T. (2007). "IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source". Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 19 (3): 285–309. doi:10.1177/107906320701900307. PMID 17634757. S2CID 220359453.
  9. ^ American Psychiatric Association, Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5 Archived October 19, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Paraphilic disorders (page 18)
  10. ^ American Psychiatric Association (June 2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV TR (Text Revision). Vol. 1. Arlington, VA, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. p. 943. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349. ISBN 978-0-89042-024-9. Archived from the original on 2011-10-25. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  11. ^ "The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders – Diagnostic criteria for research" (PDF). (715 KB) (see F65.4, pp. 166–167)
  12. ^ Fagan PJ, Wise TN, Schmidt CW, Berlin FS (November 2002). "Pedophilia". JAMA. 288 (19): 2458–65. doi:10.1001/jama.288.19.2458. PMID 12435259. Archived from the original on 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  13. ^ Blanchard, R., Lykins, A. D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M. E., Cantor, J. M., Blak, T., Dickey, R., & Klassen, P. E. (2008). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM–V. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9.
  14. ^ Glueck, B. C. Jr. (1955). Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955. New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene.
  15. ^ Seto M. "What are chronophilias?". The Conversation. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  16. ^ Phenix A, Hoberman H (2015). Sexual Offending: Predisposing Antecedents, Assessments and Management. p. 30. {{cite book}}: Text "ISBN 978-1493924165" ignored (help)
  17. ^ Blanchard, R.; Barbaree, H. E.; Bogaert, A. F.; Dickey, R.; Klassen, P.; Kuban, M. E.; Zucker, KJ; et al. (2000). "Fraternal birth order and sexual orientation in pedophiles". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 29 (5): 463–478. doi:10.1023/A:1001943719964. PMID 10983250. S2CID 19755751.
  18. ^ Seto MC (January 2016). "Sexual offenders: Predisposing antecedents, assessments, and management": 29–44. ISBN 978-1-4939-2415-8. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Text "DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-2416-5_3" ignored (help)
  19. ^ Hames, Raymond; Blanchard, Ray (2012-08-01). "Anthropological Data Regarding the Adaptiveness of Hebephilia". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 41 (4): 745–747. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9972-0. ISSN 1573-2800. PMID 22644593. S2CID 254261711.
  20. ^ Blanchard, R. & Barbaree, H. E. (2005). "The strength of sexual arousal as a function of the age of the sex offender: Comparisons among pedophiles, hebephiles, and teleiophiles". Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 17 (4): 441–456. doi:10.1177/107906320501700407. PMID 16341604. S2CID 220355347.
  21. ^ Seto, M (2016). "The Puzzle of Male Chronophilias". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 46 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0799-y. PMID 27549306. S2CID 1555795.
  22. ^ Kaul, A.; Duffy, S. (1991). "Gerontophilia: A case report". Medicine, Science and the Law. 31 (2): 110–114. doi:10.1177/002580249103100204. PMID 2062191. S2CID 6455643.
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