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== Surgeon ==
== Surgeon ==
[[File:Photograph by Dr Julian Smith (1930s) The theatre sister.jpg|thumb|Dr Julian Smith (1930s) The theatre sister]]
[[File:Photograph by Dr Julian Smith (1930s) The theatre sister.jpg|thumb|Dr Julian Smith (1930s) The theatre sister]]
In April 1901<ref>{{Cite news |date=1901-03-29 |title=Advertising |pages=2 |work=Morwell Advertiser |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article67091386 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> Smith began general practice at [[Morwell]], Gippsland where he was appointed Health Officer,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1901-07-02 |title=Morwell Shire Council. |pages=3 |work=Traralgon Record |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59584574 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> with an early task of dealing with an outbreak of diphtheria.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1901-06-28 |title=Morwell Shire Council. |pages=2 |work=Morwell Advertiser |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65877131 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> He and Edith Mary Reynolds were married by Archdeacon Langley at [[St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne]] on 24 September that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1901-10-05 |title=Family Notices |pages=24 |work=Adelaide Observer |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article161764736 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> In 1905 he was a junior partner in the Melbourne surgical practice of Frederic Bird. In 1906 he returned to England to [[St Mary's Hospital, London|St Mary's Hospital]], London, working in vaccines and vaccine therapy. Two years later Smith joined the honorary surgical staff of [[St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne]], and influenced its recognition as a clinical school of the university in 1909. He successfully established rooms at 59 [[Collins Street, Melbourne|Collins Street]] and in 1927 he became a Foundation Fellow of the (Royal) Australasian College of Surgeons. He retired from St Vincents and was appointed consulting surgeon in 1929.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Vellar |first=Ivo D. |year=2003 |title=Julian Smith: Scientific surgeon, photographer, inventor |journal=ANZ Journal of Surgery, |volume=72 |pages=49–56 |issn=1445-1433}}</ref>
In April 1901<ref>{{Cite news |date=1901-03-29 |title=Advertising |pages=2 |work=Morwell Advertiser |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article67091386 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> Smith began general practice at [[Morwell]], Gippsland where he was appointed Health Officer,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1901-07-02 |title=Morwell Shire Council. |pages=3 |work=Traralgon Record |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article59584574 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> with an early task of dealing with an outbreak of diphtheria.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1901-06-28 |title=Morwell Shire Council. |pages=2 |work=Morwell Advertiser |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65877131 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> He and Edith Mary Reynolds were married by Archdeacon Langley at [[St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne]] on 24 September that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1901-10-05 |title=Family Notices |pages=24 |work=Adelaide Observer |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article161764736 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> While they lived in Gippsland their first son was born on 21 January 1903.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1903-02-21 |title=Family Notices |work=Daily News |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article83159688 |access-date=2022-06-28}}</ref> In 1905 he was a junior partner in the Melbourne surgical practice of Frederic Bird. In 1906 he returned to England to [[St Mary's Hospital, London|St Mary's Hospital]], London, working in vaccines and vaccine therapy. Two years later Smith joined the honorary surgical staff of [[St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne]], and influenced its recognition as a clinical school of the university in 1909. He successfully established rooms at 59 [[Collins Street, Melbourne|Collins Street]] and in 1927 he became a Foundation Fellow of the (Royal) Australasian College of Surgeons. He retired from St Vincents and was appointed consulting surgeon in 1929.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Vellar |first=Ivo D. |year=2003 |title=Julian Smith: Scientific surgeon, photographer, inventor |journal=ANZ Journal of Surgery, |volume=72 |pages=49–56 |issn=1445-1433}}</ref>


In 1936 he retired from practice, but in [[World War II]] returned to surgery. From his interests in [[Hematology|haematology]], he made the prototypes of a pump for transfusing blood direct from donor to patient,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Julian Smith direct blood transfusion pump was invented by Dr Smith in Melbourne, 1941 |url=https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/5b48284b25b5a31c241ef17f |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Victorian Collections |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Neil |date=12 July 2004 |title=Surgery On Show |pages=26 |work=Herald Sun}}</ref> and devised a machine for sharpening and polishing transfusion and other needles, both inventions advanced surgical treatment. As a member of the British Medical Association in 1901–36 he promulgated views on surgery, particularly on diseases of the urinary tract, at branch meetings and his research in [[urology]] and [[Transfusion medicine|transfusion]] was published in the ''[[Medical Journal of Australia]].<ref name=":0" />''<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Vellar |first=Ivo D. |year=2003 |title=Julian Smith: Scientific surgeon, photographer, inventor |journal=ANZ Journal of Surgery, |volume=72 |pages=49–56 |issn=1445-1433}}</ref>
In 1936 he retired from practice, but in [[World War II]] returned to surgery. From his interests in [[Hematology|haematology]], he made the prototypes of a pump for transfusing blood direct from donor to patient,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Julian Smith direct blood transfusion pump was invented by Dr Smith in Melbourne, 1941 |url=https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/5b48284b25b5a31c241ef17f |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=Victorian Collections |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Neil |date=12 July 2004 |title=Surgery On Show |pages=26 |work=Herald Sun}}</ref> and devised a machine for sharpening and polishing transfusion and other needles, both inventions advanced surgical treatment. As a member of the British Medical Association in 1901–36 he promulgated views on surgery, particularly on diseases of the urinary tract, at branch meetings and his research in [[urology]] and [[Transfusion medicine|transfusion]] was published in the ''[[Medical Journal of Australia]].<ref name=":0" />''<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Vellar |first=Ivo D. |year=2003 |title=Julian Smith: Scientific surgeon, photographer, inventor |journal=ANZ Journal of Surgery, |volume=72 |pages=49–56 |issn=1445-1433}}</ref>

Revision as of 11:57, 28 June 2022

Julian Smith
Smith in 1936 by W.B. McInnes
Born
Julian Augustus Romaine Smith

5 December 1873 (1873-12-05)
Melbourne, Australia
Died13 November 1947(1947-11-13) (aged 73)
Melbourne
Alma materUniversity of Adelaide, University of Melbourne
Occupation(s)Surgeon, photographer
MovementPictorialism
Spouse
Edith Reynolds
​
(m. 1901)​
Signature

Julian Augustus Romaine Smith FRPS (1873–1947) was a British-Australian surgeon and photographer.

Early life and education

Julian Smith was born on 5 December 1873 in Camberwell, Surrey, England, the son of Rose Amelia Smith (née Pooley) and Captain Julian Augustus James Smith, master mariner. His family migrated to live in Halifax Street Adelaide, Australia three years later.

He was educated at Prince Alfred College and the University of Adelaide where he obtained a Bachelor of Science in 1892 and on graduation taught at his former school, returning to University to study medicine from 1893. He rowed in the winning Adelaide university crew in 1895–1896. However a mass resignation of all honorary physicians and surgeons due to disagreement between the board of management of the Royal Adelaide Hospital and the government ceased clinical instruction, so that in 1897 Smith and seventeen other students had to move to Melbourne to complete their studies, and there he rowed in and coached the Ormond College rowing crew 1897–1898.

Smith graduated with M.B. in 1898 and B.S. in 1899 at the top of his year, with exhibitions, and prizes including that offered by the estate of Dr. James George Beaney for bacteriology in surgery.[1] He was made senior resident medical officer at the Royal Melbourne Hospital,[2] and was interim medical superintendent. He obtained his M.D. (Melbourne) in 1901 followed by the M.S. (Adelaide) in 1908.[3]

Surgeon

Dr Julian Smith (1930s) The theatre sister

In April 1901[4] Smith began general practice at Morwell, Gippsland where he was appointed Health Officer,[5] with an early task of dealing with an outbreak of diphtheria.[6] He and Edith Mary Reynolds were married by Archdeacon Langley at St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne on 24 September that year.[7] While they lived in Gippsland their first son was born on 21 January 1903.[8] In 1905 he was a junior partner in the Melbourne surgical practice of Frederic Bird. In 1906 he returned to England to St Mary's Hospital, London, working in vaccines and vaccine therapy. Two years later Smith joined the honorary surgical staff of St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, and influenced its recognition as a clinical school of the university in 1909. He successfully established rooms at 59 Collins Street and in 1927 he became a Foundation Fellow of the (Royal) Australasian College of Surgeons. He retired from St Vincents and was appointed consulting surgeon in 1929.[9]

In 1936 he retired from practice, but in World War II returned to surgery. From his interests in haematology, he made the prototypes of a pump for transfusing blood direct from donor to patient,[10][11] and devised a machine for sharpening and polishing transfusion and other needles, both inventions advanced surgical treatment. As a member of the British Medical Association in 1901–36 he promulgated views on surgery, particularly on diseases of the urinary tract, at branch meetings and his research in urology and transfusion was published in the Medical Journal of Australia.[3][9]

Photographer

Dr Julian Smith (1930s) Self-portrait

Recognised as a distinguished surgeon in Melbourne, Smith succeeded in a parallel career as an eminent photographer when, having taken up the medium in the 1920s and exhibiting with the Melbourne Camera Club,[12] he devoted time to it in his late forties. He specialised in portraiture which he exhibited locally and internationally. He helped establish the Victorian Photographic Salon as a founding member in 1929. In 1946 the Australasian Photo-Review paid tribute to him;

"It is safe to assume that every Australian photographer is familiar with the work of Dr. Julian Smith His artistic genius, his technical skill and his versatility are famous, not only in Australia, but throughout the whole world of pictorial photography."[13]

He was elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Photographic Society.[14] In his early history of the medium in Australia Jack Cato asserted that Smith "had no superior in any part of the world".[15] His portraits are in an outmoded Pictorialist style in a period of the emerging New Photography,[16][17] artistically lit with orchestrated, sometimes melodramatic, poses,[18] and printed with radical overexposure in pyrocatechin developer and bleaching-back with ferricyanide.[15] In his more contrived, but popular,[17] 'character study' tableaux the subject may be costumed as a protagonist from Dickens, Shakespeare, or from nursery rhymes.

"Dr Julian Smith is represented by four of his capable portrait studies perhaps character studies would be a more apt description. He uses emphasis of lighting in a dramatic way, and thus heightens the drama already suggested by the disposition of the model."[19]

Smith's character studies appeared with an article explaining his technique in Contemporary Photography,[20] and he achieved international recognition; the American Annual of Photography featured his "My Aims and Methods" in 1941.[21] Unafraid to express his forthright opinions, in 1935 after the 3rd Canadian salon, he wrote to Eric Brown, director of the National Gallery of Canada, to complain "about the selection methods, the acceptance of photogravure as a photographic process, the recognition or not of certain technical processes" and the definition of "experimental photography."[22]

Portraitist

Smith was a mentor to portraitist and fashion photographer Athol Shmith, whose studio was also in the 'Paris End' of Collins Street, Melbourne.[16]

Julian Smith's subjects, many of them celebrated Australians, include virologist Frank Macfarlane Burnet,[23] artist John Shirlow,[24] pathologist Howard Florey,[25] E. B. Hawkes,[26] photographer Monte Luke,[27] photographer F. C. Tilney,[28] politician Alfred Stephen,[29] artist Lionel Lindsay,[30] Gwendolyn M. Bernard,[31] William Dargie,[32] Dr. Thomas Wood,[33] poet John Shaw Neilson,[34] Sir Robert Gibson,[35] Beatrice Baillieu,[36] actor Gregan McMahon,[37] Bernard O'Dowd,[38] dancer Sono Osato,[39] artist Murray Griffin,[40] Royal Physician Thomas Horder,[41] aviator Charles Kingsford Smith,[42] actor Frank Talbot,[43] James E. Paton,[44] photographer Dudley Johnston,[45] Colonel Walter E. Summons,[46][47] Dr. John Dale,[48] Neil Hamilton Fairley,[49] anatomist Professor Frederic Wood Jones,[50] writer Robert Henderson Croll,[51] and community worker and writer Paquita Mawson.[52][53]

Legacy

Smith died of cancer on 13 November 1947 at his East Melbourne home aged 74, and was cremated at Springvale with Anglican rites.[54] His wife, two sons and daughter survived him. Joan Lindsay remembered that "trifling eccentricities [. . . ] gave Dr Julian his unique flavour. Behind the rather petulant façade he was a good clever and kindly man, mourned by thousands of friends and patients when he died."[55] Posthumously, Kodak published a portfolio of Smith's portraits, Fifty Masterpieces of Photography.[56] W. B. McInnes's portrait of Dr Julian Smith won the Archibald in 1936.[57][58]

Exhibitions

Posthumous

  • 1948, 5–23 April: The Dr. Julian Smith Memorial Collection, Kodak Salon Galleries, 386 George Street, Sydney[59]
  • 1958, September to November: The Memorial Exhibition of Character Portrait Studies by the late Dr Julian Smith, The Kodak Galleries, Sep – Nov 1958[60]

Collections

  • National Portrait Gallery[24]
  • National Library of Australia[28]
  • State Library of Victoria[31]
  • National Gallery of Victoria
  • Art Gallery of New South Wales[27]
  • Adelaide University Research and Scholarship Collection[25]

Gallery

  • Photographs by Julian Smith

References

  1. ^ "News". Ovens and Murray Advertiser. 22 April 1899. p. 6.
  2. ^ "Stabbed With A Knife : Charge Against a Woman : Accused Committed". Herald. 31 January 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b Russell, K. F. (1988). "Smith, Julian Augustus (1873–1947)'". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 11. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
  4. ^ "Advertising". Morwell Advertiser. 29 March 1901. p. 2. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  5. ^ "Morwell Shire Council". Traralgon Record. 2 July 1901. p. 3. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  6. ^ "Morwell Shire Council". Morwell Advertiser. 28 June 1901. p. 2. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  7. ^ "Family Notices". Adelaide Observer. 5 October 1901. p. 24. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  8. ^ "Family Notices". Daily News. 21 February 1903. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  9. ^ a b Vellar, Ivo D. (2003). "Julian Smith: Scientific surgeon, photographer, inventor". ANZ Journal of Surgery,. 72: 49–56. ISSN 1445-1433.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  10. ^ "The Julian Smith direct blood transfusion pump was invented by Dr Smith in Melbourne, 1941". Victorian Collections. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  11. ^ Wilson, Neil (12 July 2004). "Surgery On Show". Herald Sun. p. 26.
  12. ^ Elliott, Alan; Melbourne Camera Club (1991). A century exposed: one hundred years of the Melbourne Camera Club : history. South Melbourne: The Club. p. 9. OCLC 1035486217.
  13. ^ H.S.L. (1 November 1946). "The Recent Portrait Work of Dr. Julian Smith, F.R.P.S.". Australasian photo-review.Vol. 53 No. 11 (). 53 (11): 523.
  14. ^ Tilney, F. C; Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain (1928). Pictorial photography: exhibited at the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain, 1928. London: Fountain Press. p. 37. OCLC 633868.
  15. ^ a b Cato, Jack (1977). The story of the camera in Australia. Melbourne: Institute of Australian Photographers. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-9596839-0-5. OCLC 977124927.
  16. ^ a b Van Wyk, Susan; Shmith, Michael; Whitfield, Danielle; National Gallery of Victoria (2006). The Paris end: photography, fashion & glamour (1st ed.). Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-7241-0271-6. OCLC 995540139.
  17. ^ a b Rossi, Danielle (1996). "Naturalism and the establishment of photography as an artform in mid-century Australia". photo-web: Australian Photography History. Retrieved 2022-06-28. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help); Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  18. ^ Bunbury, Alisa (2020). Pride of place: exploring the Grimwade collection. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-522-87639-0. OCLC 1225623501.
  19. ^ "Review of the Victorian Salon of Photography". Australasian Photo-Review. 40 (6). 1 July 1933.
  20. ^ Smith, Dr. Julian (April 1947). "Character Study". Contemporary Photography: 36.
  21. ^ Smith, Julian (1941). "My Aims and Methods". American Annual of Photography. 55.
  22. ^ Kunard, Andrea (2009). "The Role Of Photography Exhibitions At The National Gallery Of Canada (1934–1960)". Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales d'histoire de l'art Canadien. 30: 35. ISSN 0315-4297.
  23. ^ Centre, Australian Science and Technology Heritage. "14 – Photographs – Frank Macfarlane Burnet Guide to Records". austehc.unimelb.edu.au. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  24. ^ a b "John Shirlow, c. 1937". National Portrait Gallery collection. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  25. ^ a b "Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968) Portraits". Adelaide Research and Scholarship.
  26. ^ Smith, Julian (1920s). "E B Hawkes, circa 1920s by Julian Smith". Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  27. ^ a b Smith, Julian (1939). "Monte Luke, by Julian Smith". Art Gallery of New South Wales. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  28. ^ a b Smith, Julian (1930s). "F.C. Tilney, F.R.P.S." National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  29. ^ "Alfred Stephen, 1939 / Julian Smith". Collection – State Library of NSW. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Lionel Lindsay / photograph by Dr Julian Smith". Collection – State Library of NSW. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  31. ^ a b Smith, Julian (1938). "Gwendolyn M. Bernard, neé Smith". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  32. ^ Smith, Julian (1934). "William Dargie". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  33. ^ Smith, Julian (1934). "Dr, Thomas Wood". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  34. ^ Smith, Julian (1934). "John Shaw Nielson". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  35. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Sir Robert Gibson". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  36. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Beatrice Baillieu". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  37. ^ Smith, Julian (1920s). "Portrait of Gregan McMahon as Micawber". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  38. ^ Smith, Julian (1925–1935). "Bernard O'Dowd". State Library Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  39. ^ Smith, Julian (1938–1940). "Sono Osato of the Covent Garden Russian Ballet and the original Ballets Russes, ca. 1939 [picture]". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  40. ^ Smith, Julian (1935). "Murray Griffin". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  41. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Lord Horder, Royal Physician". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  42. ^ Smith, Julian (1932). "Portrait of Charles Kingsford Smith in aviator suit, ca. 1932". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  43. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Portrait of Frank Talbot as the character Dick Swiveller appearing in The old curiosity shop, Melbourne Athenaeum, Victoria ca. 1930". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  44. ^ Smith, Julian (1927), James E. Paton, retrieved 28 June 2022
  45. ^ Smith, Julian (1935), Dudley Johnston, retrieved 28 June 2022
  46. ^ Smith, F. B., "Summons, Walter Ernest Isaac (1881–1970)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 28 June 2022
  47. ^ Smith, Julian (1930), Colonel W. Summons, retrieved 28 June 2022
  48. ^ Smith, Julian (1935), Dr. John Dale, retrieved 28 June 2022
  49. ^ Smith, Julian (1930s). "Brigadier N. Hamilton Fairley". National Gallery of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  50. ^ Smith, Julian Augustus Romaine (1934). "Portrait of Professor Frederic Wood Jones". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  51. ^ Smith, Julian (1934). "Robert Henderson Croll". State Library of Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  52. ^ "Paquita Mawson". State Library of South Australia. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  53. ^ McEwin, Emma; Whittle, Nancy Robinson, "Mawson, Francisca Adriana (Paquita) (1891–1974)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 28 June 2022
  54. ^ "Obituary : Dr. Julian Smith". Advocate. Burnie, Tasmania. 15 November 1947. p. 2.
  55. ^ Lindsay, Joan, Adams, Phillip (2020). Time without clocks. pp. 275–6. ISBN 978-1-922268-62-4. OCLC 1262561776.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  56. ^ Smith, Julian Augustus Romaine; Grimwade, Russell (1948). Fifty masterpieces of photography: containing some of the last and finest works of this internationally-famous master. Victoria, Australia: Reproduced in facsimile by McLaren. OCLC 5857259.
  57. ^ Westwood, Matthew (16 June 2020). "Prize find as Archibald centenary nears". The Australian.
  58. ^ Lennon, T. (30 March 2012). "Lasting fame eluded first Archibald winner". The Daily Telegraph. p. 115. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  59. ^ "Kodak Salon Galleries (advertisement)". Australasian Photo-Review. 55 (4): 221. 1 April 1948.
  60. ^ Smith, Julian; Kodak Galleries (1958). Catalogue of the memorial exhibition of character portrait studies by the late Dr. Julian Smith, B. Sc., M.D., F.R.A.C.S., Hon. F.R.P.S.: presented in recognition of the tenth anniversary of the passing of a master artist and a gracious gentleman. Adelaide: Kodak Galleries. OCLC 437253070.
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