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==Early life==
==Early life==
He was born in [[Perast]] (now [[Montenegro]]) to a family of Croatian descent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=67334 |title=Zmajević, Matija |publisher=Encyclopedia of the Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute, Zagreb |accessdate=15 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hr.rbth.com/povijest/79585-zaboravljeni-hrvat-u-rusiji |title=Croat who was promoted to admiral rank by Peter the Great personally |first=Denis |last=Krnić |date=17 July 2020 |website=https://hr.rbth.com/povijest/79585-zaboravljeni-hrvat-u-rusiji |language=hr |access-date=30 January 2022}}</ref> His uncle [[Andrija Zmajević]], a poet, was a renowned archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar]]. The Zmajević family<ref>{{Cite web|url=
He was born in [[Perast]] (now [[Montenegro]]). His uncle [[Andrija Zmajević]], a poet, was a renowned archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar]]. His uncle was a renowned Roman Catholic bishop of [[Antivari]] (Bar) and primate of Serbia. The family was in conflict with another Perast family of Bujović, and after [[Vicko Bujović]] was killed in a fight on city streets, Matija was forced to leave Perast for alleged involvement when he was 28. He escaped to the [[Republic of Ragusa]] ([[Dubrovnik]]) and then to [[Istanbul]], where he found refuge with Russian ambassador [[Peter Tolstoy]]. In 1712, Tolstoy sent him with a recommendation to Peter I.
https://istorijskizapisi.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/V-Babic-Zmajevi-ci-%E2%80%93-prilog-kulturnoj-povijesti.pdf |title=Zmajević family - a contribution on cultural history of the Mediterranean |first=Vanda |last=Babić |date=2016 |website=https://istorijskizapisi.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/V-Babic-Zmajevi-ci-%E2%80%93-prilog-kulturnoj-povijesti.pdf |language=en |access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> was in conflict with another Perast family of Bujović, and after [[Vicko Bujović]] was killed in a fight on city streets, Matija was forced to leave Perast for alleged involvement when he was 28. He escaped to the [[Republic of Ragusa]] ([[Dubrovnik]]) and then to [[Istanbul]], where he found refuge with Russian ambassador [[Peter Tolstoy]]. In 1712, Tolstoy sent him with a recommendation to Peter I.


==Military career==
==Military career==
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[[Category:1735 deaths]]
[[Category:1735 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kotor]]
[[Category:People from Kotor]]
[[Category:Russian people of Croatian descent]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Great Northern War]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Great Northern War]]
[[Category:18th-century Russian military personnel]]

Revision as of 15:01, 5 April 2022

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Khristoforovich and the family name is Zmayevich.
Matija Zmajević
Матвей Христофорович Змаевич
Matija Zmajević
Born(1680-01-06)January 6, 1680
Perast, Republic of Venice
DiedAugust 23, 1735(1735-08-23) (aged 55)
Tavrov, Voronezh, Tsardom of Russia
AllegianceRussia Tsardom of Russia
RankAdmiral
Bust of Matija Zmajević in Perast, Montenegro

Matija Zmajević (also Matej Zmajević; Russian: Матвей Христофорович Змаевич, romanized: Matvei Khristoforovich Zmayevich; ; January 6, 1680 – August 23, 1735) was an admiral of the Russian Baltic Fleet and the shipbuilder of Tsar Peter the Great, building a fleet in Voronezh.

Early life

He was born in Perast (now Montenegro) to a family of Croatian descent.[1][2] His uncle Andrija Zmajević, a poet, was a renowned archbishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bar. The Zmajević family[3] was in conflict with another Perast family of Bujović, and after Vicko Bujović was killed in a fight on city streets, Matija was forced to leave Perast for alleged involvement when he was 28. He escaped to the Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and then to Istanbul, where he found refuge with Russian ambassador Peter Tolstoy. In 1712, Tolstoy sent him with a recommendation to Peter I.

Military career

Impressed with Zmajević's education and maritime skills, the Tsar accepted him in military service and sent him to Sankt Petersburg, with the rank of Captain of Fregate,[clarification needed] and he quickly rose in rank.

Zmajević had great success in maritime battles against Sweden, against whom Russia fought the Great Northern War for supremacy on Baltic Sea. He captured seven smaller Swedish galleys in the 1714 Battle of Gangut, and his fleet fought a minor Swedish force at Grengam in 1720, in the last naval battle of the Great Northern War. As a result of Zmajević's victory, Peter the Great sent some of his young officers (boyars) to the town of Perast in Boka in order to study maritime science there. He was subsequently promoted to the rank of vice admiral and put in charge for building the river fleet of the Don. In 1725, he was given the honor of carrying the emperor's crown at the funeral of Peter the Great. Tsar's successor, Catherine I of Russia, decorated Zmajević with the Order of Alexander Nevsky, and in 1727 he was awarded the ultimate rank of admiral.

After the death of Catherine I in 1727, Zmajević was accused of embezzlement and sentenced to death by a court-martial. He was reprieved at the last minute and relegated to the post of governor of the Astrakhan area with the rank of vice-admiral, where he spent last years of his life. He worked on establishment of the Black Sea Fleet, which would play a significant role in Russian expansion to the south after his death.

Zmajević made numerous donations to his hometown Perast and Boka Kotorska. He was buried with military honors in the Catholic Church of Saint Ludvig in Moscow.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Zmajević, Matija". Encyclopedia of the Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute, Zagreb. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  2. ^ Krnić, Denis (17 July 2020). "Croat who was promoted to admiral rank by Peter the Great personally". https://hr.rbth.com/povijest/79585-zaboravljeni-hrvat-u-rusiji (in Croatian). Retrieved 30 January 2022. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  3. ^ Babić, Vanda (2016). "Zmajević family - a contribution on cultural history of the Mediterranean" (PDF). https://istorijskizapisi.me/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/V-Babic-Zmajevi-ci-%E2%80%93-prilog-kulturnoj-povijesti.pdf. Retrieved 30 March 2022. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
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