View source for Draft:St Bride's Church, Mauku

{{Infobox church
| name                   = St Bride's Church
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| image                  = File:Photos 128951 extralarge.jpg
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| caption                = St Bride's Church, loopholes can be see along the walls of the church
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| location               = [[Mauku]]
| country                = [[New Zealand]]
| language(s)            = 
| denomination           = [[Anglican]]
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| address                = Findlay Road, Mauku
| website                = https://stbridesmauku.wordpress.com/
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| status                 = 
| founded date           = 1861
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| consecrated date       = 22 February 1885
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| architect              = Reverend [[Arthur Guyon Purchas]]
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| style                  = [[Selwyn Church|Selwyn style]] ([[Gothic Revival]])
| years built            = 1860–1861
| groundbreaking         = 1860
| completed date         = 
| construction cost      = {{circa}}£300
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| parish                 = Parish of Mauku
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| diocese                = [[Anglican Diocese of Auckland]]
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| district               = Parochial District of Waiuku<ref name="waiuku">{{cite book |last1=Morgan |first1=Maurice E. |title=A Hundred Years of Worship |date=1973 |publisher=Ashford Kent}}</ref>
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| embedded               = {{Designation list|embed=yes|designation1=NZ Category I|designation1_number=[https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/81/Listing 81]|designation1_date=2 February 1990}}
}}
'''St Bride's Church''' is a historic [[Anglican]] church in [[Mauku]], New Zealand. St Bride's was constructed in 1861 and was the first church in the [[Franklin County, New Zealand|Franklin]] area. It served as an important military outpost during the [[Invasion of the Waikato]]. The church was consecrated in 1885 and has a category 1 listing with [[Heritage New Zealand]].
==Description==
St Bride's sits atop an elevated site, this along with it's spire helps it stand out as a landmark.<ref name="heritage"/> The church is a [[totara]]<ref name="nzwars">{{cite book |last1=Cowan |first1=James |title=The New Zealand Wars: A History of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period: Volume I: 1845–1864 |date=1955 |publisher=R. E. Owen |pages=296–300 |url=https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/webarchive/20210104000423/http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cow01NewZ-c32-0.html#Cow01NewZ-fig-Cow01NewZ298a}}</ref> [[Selwyn church|Selwyn style]] church and follows traditional [[Church architecture|ecclesiological]] design philosophies in it's proportions and has exposed [[rafters]] and [[trusses]]. Most of the church is constructed from [[kauri]] with [[totara]] for the rest. Two original oil lamps are located in the interior. The [[Cusp (architecture)|cusped windows]] have [[trefoils]] which are in pairs of twos except for the [[chancel]] where they are pairs of three. The [[belfry]] has [[louvered window]]s which also have trefoils.<ref name="heritage"/><ref name="centennial">{{cite book |last1=Lownsborough |first1=Frederic John |title=A history of St. Bride's Church, Mauku, 1861-1961. |date=1961|publisher=Institute Printing & Publishing Society}}</ref>{{RP|5}} The church is designed as a replica of a church in [[North Devon]], England.<ref name="centennial"/>{{RP|6}}
==Connections to St Bride's, London==
One of the founders of St Bride's Church had been a member of [[St Bride's Church|St Bride's Church]] in Fleet Street, London. The London church had also sent a donation helping to establish the church in Mauku. It was later decided to name the new church after St Bride's in Fleet Street. In 1941 the Mauku church sent £100 and food parcels to St Bride's, Fleet Street following the [[London Blitz]] which severely damaged the Fleet Street church. In 1952 £57 was sent from Mauku for restoration of the Fleet Street church. During St Bride's centennial in 1961 the vicar, reverend, and two wardens were made [[liverymen]] of the [[Guild of St Bride]], a guild sanctioned by [[Edward III]] in 1375. St Bride's Church, Mauku now displays the medallions they were awarded. The Vicar of St Bride's, Fleet Street referred to the Mauku church as the daughter of St Bride's Church. Parishioners of the Mauku church send flowers on [[St Bride's Day]] the Fleet Street church.<ref name="frontier"/><ref name="centennial"/>{{RP|13–14}}
==History==
[[File:St brides church mauku with stockade.jpg|thumb|left|An illustration depicting St Bride's Church in 1863 with stockade surrounding it]]
Anglican worship in the inchoate settlement of [[Mauku]] was initially conducted in private homes and later in a [[slab hut]] near the site of St Bride's. Prior to the construction of St Bride's Church — Mauku was visited by [[George Augustus Selwyn]], [[Robert Maunsell (missionary)|Robert Maunsell]], [[John Coleridge Patteson]], and [[Arthur Guyon Purchas]], who all provided services at different points in time. On 22 November 1858 it was decided a permanent church should be constructed and a committee was formed, headed by Dr. Purchas. {{cvt|3|acres}} was given to Selwyn as a [[Crown grant]] for the construction of a church. Dr. Purchas offered to donate £25 towards a spire if the committee chose his design, which they did. Significant contributions were also made by [[Gore Browne]], Bishop Selwyn, Patteson, Reverend [[Henry Melvill]], General [[Robert Wynyard]], and Sir [[Duncan Cameron (British Army officer)|Duncan Cameron]]. The fundraising likely would not have met the target without their support given Mauku was a small rural settlement.<ref name="centennial"/>{{RP|5}}<ref name="frontier">{{cite journal |last1=Limbrick |first1=Warren |title=Saint Bride's Church, Mauku: A Frontier Church in the Midst of Conflict |journal=Anglican Historical Society Newsletter |date=April 2011 |issue=46 |url=https://www.historyanglican.nz/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/St-Brides-Church-Mauku.pdf |publisher=The Anglican Historical Society of New Zealand}}</ref>
[[File:Photos 128954 extralarge.jpg|thumb|Stained glass window of St Bride's Church, Mauku, depicting Saint Bride, St Bride's Church, Fleet Street, London; Jesus Christ, the [[Moravian Church]] [[Angus Dei|seal]]; Bishop Selwyn, and St Bride's Church, Mauku]]
In December 1860, construction began and was completed on a Sunday, 14 July 1861. The cost was approximately £300.<ref name="frontier"/> It was the first church to be constructed in the [[Franklin County, New Zealand|Franklin]] area.<ref>{{cite book | last=Derbyshire | first=Noel William | title=Serving the Community: a history of the Pukekohe Anglican Parish|publisher=Wily Publications |page=35| date=2016 | isbn=978-1-927167-30-4}}</ref> As was common with churches in small rural settlements in New Zealand, it also served [[Presbyterians]] and [[Methodists]].<ref name="frontier"/>

Following the [[Invasion of the Waikato]] in July 1863, many isolated European settlements became worried of potential raids from hostile Māori. The women and children of Mauku evacuated to [[Auckland]]. The [[Onehunga Ladies' Benevolent Society]] was set up to provide aid and care for some of the refugees from Mauku.<ref name="frontier"/> and a {{cvt|10|ft}} high [[stockade]]<ref name="nzwars"/> was constructed around St Bride's to serve as a military outpost.<ref name="frontier"/> Up to 2,000 men were based at the church at one point. 54 [[Loophole (firearm)|loophole]]s were cut into the church during this period and these still remain.<ref name="heritage">{{NZHPT|81}}</ref> No battle took place at the church, although a deadly battle took place just {{cvt|2|km}} south of the church at Titi Hill.<ref name="frontier"/> On 23 October 1863, a scouting party from St Bride's Church investigated sounds of gunshots and found Māori killing cattle at a farm south of the church. A Lieutenant Percival disobeyed orders to remain at the church and set out with a dozen men towards Titi Hill. Percival's men were overwhelmed before 50 riflemen came from the church to assist them. Eventually the Europeans retreated after suffering at least 9 fatalities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mauku NZ Wars memorial |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/memorial/mauku-nz-wars-memorial |website=New Zealand History}}</ref> The church was also the headquarters of the [[Forest Rangers (New Zealand|Forest Rangers]] after the aforementioned battle.<ref name="nzwars"/>

In 1872 a [[vicarage]] was built and the Reverend [[Ezra Robert Otway]] was appointed vicar. In 1876 the Reverend William Taylor was appointed vicar. Taylor resigned in April, 1882, and died a few months later. Taylor was laid to rest in the church cemetery.<ref name="centennial"/>{{RP|8–9}} In 1882 the vicar relocated to [[Waiuku]] and the vicarage at Mauku was let to other groups.<ref name="waiuku"/>{{RP|32}} Following the opening of the [[Paerata-Waiuku line]] the government took part of the vicarage [[glebe]]. The building was sold and removed in 1947.<ref name="centennial"/>{{RP|12}}

In 1884 a [[pulpit]], [[Baptismal font|font]], and stained glass windows were installed. The following year on 22 February the church was consecrated by bishop [[William Cowie (bishop)|William Cowie]].<ref name="heritage"/> The lack of earlier consecration may have been out of a desire to allow other denominations to use the church.<ref name="frontier"/>

Following the [[Women's suffrage in New Zealand|enfranchisement of women]] in 1893, a motion was brought up to the diocesan synod by the Mauku synod representative, [[Heywood Crispe]], that would have seen women enfranchised in the Anglican church. Ultimately it was amended and never took effect.<ref name="frontier"/>

The [[puriri]] block [[foundation (construction)|foundation]]s was replaced with concrete in 1953.<ref name="heritage"/> A neighbouring property was purchased in 1956 to serve as a Sunday school and church hall.<ref name="waiuku"/>{{RP|44}} In 1961 a stained glass window, created by [[Whitefriars Stained Glass Studio]]. The left window shows [[Saint Bride]] with [[St Bride's Church]], Fleet Street shown below. The middle window shows Jesus Christ, with the [[Moravian Church]] seal shown below. The right window shows Bishop Selwyn and below it St Bride's Church, Mauku with stockade around it. The windows cost ₤600.<ref name="centennial"/>{{RP|12}}
==Legacy==
The design of St Bride's Church has been described as simple and elegant by architect Peter Lewis Sheppard. The spire has been described as being well proportioned and giving 'character and distinction' to the building.<ref name="frontier"/>

St Bride's Church is listed as a category 1 historic place with [[Heritage New Zealand]].<ref name="heritage"/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
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[[Category:1860s architecture in New Zealand]]
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