Lancang (ship): Difference between revisions
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In Bandar, [[Malaysia]], a type of lancang called lancang To'Aru is built.<ref group="Note">To'Aru was one of the council of four great chiefs of Selangor, who in former days had much power, and to whom was entrusted the election of the Sultan. To'Aru was the most powerful of these four great chiefs, and took his name from a district called Aru, in Sumatra, from which he came over to settle in Selangor. Aru is probably the same as the word Aru (also eru or 'ru), which means a casuarina-tree. Bandar was the name of the place (on the Langat river) where To'Aru lived.</ref> It is similar to lancang in hull, but with projecting or hanging rectangular platform over the bow, in which two swivel guns in mounted. The sail is using fore-and-aft sail in gaff and boom on two masts. Boats which such rig on the east coast of [[Malay Peninsula|Malaya]] generally carry long topmasts and jibbooms for light-weather sails.<ref name=":2" /> |
In Bandar, [[Malaysia]], a type of lancang called lancang To'Aru is built.<ref group="Note">To'Aru was one of the council of four great chiefs of Selangor, who in former days had much power, and to whom was entrusted the election of the Sultan. To'Aru was the most powerful of these four great chiefs, and took his name from a district called Aru, in Sumatra, from which he came over to settle in Selangor. Aru is probably the same as the word Aru (also eru or 'ru), which means a casuarina-tree. Bandar was the name of the place (on the Langat river) where To'Aru lived.</ref> It is similar to lancang in hull, but with projecting or hanging rectangular platform over the bow, in which two swivel guns in mounted. The sail is using fore-and-aft sail in gaff and boom on two masts. Boats which such rig on the east coast of [[Malay Peninsula|Malaya]] generally carry long topmasts and jibbooms for light-weather sails.<ref name=":2" /> |
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| image1 =Model of a Lancang Kuning.jpg |
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| image2 =Detail of the bow of a Lancang Kuning model.jpg |
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|footer= A model of a lancang kuning. It is propelled by paddles, the rudder is axial rudder. On the bow is a dragon-shaped [[figurehead]]. Two heavy guns are mounted in an [[apilan]]. |
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In [[Riau]], [[Indonesia]], existed a tradition and story of ''lancang kuning'' (yellow lancang), taken as a metaphor for the ruler's power and the state. A popular ''pantun'' (poem) explain this:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Effendy|first=Tenas|title=Tjatatan tentang "Lantjang Kuning"|publisher=|year=1969|isbn=|location=Pekanbaru|pages=}}</ref><blockquote>''Lancang kuning berlayar malam'' |
In [[Riau]], [[Indonesia]], existed a tradition and story of ''lancang kuning'' (yellow lancang), taken as a metaphor for the ruler's power and the state. A popular ''pantun'' (poem) explain this:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Effendy|first=Tenas|title=Tjatatan tentang "Lantjang Kuning"|publisher=|year=1969|isbn=|location=Pekanbaru|pages=}}</ref><blockquote>''Lancang kuning berlayar malam'' |
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Revision as of 03:39, 3 May 2020
Lancang (also written as lanchang or lancha) is a type of sailing ship from the Malay archipelago. It is used as warship, lighter, and as royal ship, particularly used by the people of Sumatran east coast,[1] but can also be found in the coast of Kalimantan.[2]
Etymology
The name comes from the Malay word lancang which means "swift".[3]
Description and role
The earliest mention of the lancang is from Julah inscription dated 844 Saka (923 AD), which explains the orders of the Queen Sri Ugrasena on certain rules. This inscription mentioned several terms for boats such as lancang, talaka and jong.[4] Oldest form of boat building in Nusantara recorded in Gilimanuk, Bali. The boatbuilders are called undagi lancang.[5] According to Ngantang inscription, lancang is also used by Majapahit, built by undagi lancang in Majapahit-controlled areas. The lancang of this era has no sails.[6]
Lancang has overhanging square stern, above a sharp waterline stern.[1] Lancang usually has 2 masts, but 1 and 3 masted ones also recorded.[1] Historically they are steered using double quarter rudders, but in the 18th century they may also use axial rudder mounted at the sternpost.[7] The smallest lancang (with only 1 mast) is about 5 depa (9,1 m) long, with 1 depa (1.83 m) beam, draft of 1.5 feet (46 cm), 4 feet (1.2 m) freeboard, carrying a cargo of 5 pikul (312.5 kg), crewed by 4 men,[1] while the largest is about 26 m long.[3] Lancang from older era is rigged using tanja sails, but dipping lug sails or fore-and-aft sails are used after the arrival of the European. Lancang has "clipper" bow, with triangular fore-gallery for anchor, which also acts as bowsprit. Headsails may be used at the bow. The hull is carvel-built, built with style very similar to European ships. They are usually armed with pivot guns.[1]
In Bandar, Malaysia, a type of lancang called lancang To'Aru is built.[Note 1] It is similar to lancang in hull, but with projecting or hanging rectangular platform over the bow, in which two swivel guns in mounted. The sail is using fore-and-aft sail in gaff and boom on two masts. Boats which such rig on the east coast of Malaya generally carry long topmasts and jibbooms for light-weather sails.[1]
In Riau, Indonesia, existed a tradition and story of lancang kuning (yellow lancang), taken as a metaphor for the ruler's power and the state. A popular pantun (poem) explain this:[8]
Lancang kuning berlayar malam
Haluan menuju ke laut dalam
Kalau nakhoda kurang paham
Alamat kapal akan tenggelam
Translation:
The lancang kuning sails at night
Her bows towards high seas
If her nakhoda (captain/skipper) is ignorant
She is bound to be wrecked
The role of lancang seems to be primarily for war[9] and as merchant vessel, like other Malay ships. Portuguese records mentioned them as lanchão, with role as barge or lighter.[10] The intercourse with European people decreased Singaporean piracy in 1820s, although it still exist, using smaller ships than formerly used, for several decades to come. Around the waters of Singapore, Malay pirates are using lanchangs which carried 25-30 men, with shallow draft, making them easy to conceal in mangrove jungle. The lanchang they use generally about 50-60 ft (15.24-18.3 m) long, 11-13 ft (3.4-4 m) in breadth, with 5-7 ft (1.5-2.1 m) draft.[11]
In the 20th century lancang is used by Malay states as cargo boat.[12] In Sumatran coast it is used by Malay rajas (kings) as state ship.[1] In Selangor, this royal vessel is dedicated to the service of the spirits, also called kapal hantu (ghost ship). It will be laden with offerings, then set adrift to propitiate the demons of the sea.[1][9]
See also
Note
- ^ To'Aru was one of the council of four great chiefs of Selangor, who in former days had much power, and to whom was entrusted the election of the Sultan. To'Aru was the most powerful of these four great chiefs, and took his name from a district called Aru, in Sumatra, from which he came over to settle in Selangor. Aru is probably the same as the word Aru (also eru or 'ru), which means a casuarina-tree. Bandar was the name of the place (on the Langat river) where To'Aru lived.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Smyth, H. Warington (May 16, 1902). "Boats and Boat Building in the Malay Peninsula". Journal of the Society of Arts. 50: 570–588 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Sukendar, Haris (1998). Perahu Tradisional Nusantara (Tinjauan Melalui Bentuk dan Fungsi). Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- ^ a b Manguin, Pierre-Yves (1993). "Trading Ships of the South China Sea. Shipbuilding Techniques and Their Role in the History of the Development of Asian Trade Networks". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 36: 253–280 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Poesonegoro, Marwati Djoened and Notosusanto, Nugroho (2008). Sejarah Nasional Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
- ^ Soejono, R. P. (1976). "Tinjauan tentang Pengkerangkaan Prasejarah Indonesia". Aspek-aspek Arkeologi Indonesia no. 5, Proyek Pelita Pembinaan Kepurbakalaan dan Peninggalan Nasional.
- ^ Pinardi, Slamet dan Winston S. D. M. (1992). Perdagangan pada masa Majapahit, 700 Tahun Majapahit, 1293-1993 Suatu Bunga Rampai. Surabaya: Dinas Pariwisata Daerah, Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Jawa Timur.
- ^ Mitman, Carl W. (1923). "Catalogue of the Watercraft Collection in the United States National Museum". Bulletin. 127: 1–298.
- ^ Effendy, Tenas (1969). Tjatatan tentang "Lantjang Kuning". Pekanbaru.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Wilkinson, Richard James (1908). An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary (Romanised). Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S Government Press.
- ^ Dalgado, Sebastião Rodolfo (1988). Portuguese Vocables in Asiatic Languages: From the Portuguese Original of Monsignor Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 9788120604131.
- ^ Anonymous (October 1827). "Asiatic Intelligence". The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China, and Australia. 24: 507.
- ^ Smyth, H. Warrington (1906). Mast and Sail in Europe and Asia. John Murray.
