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"Another angel": one of several angels distinguished from each other within the Book of Revelation: see on [[Revelation 10:1]]. In {{bibleref2|Ezekiel|43:2|NKJV}}, "the Earth shone with the glory of the God of Israel".
"Another angel": one of several angels distinguished from each other within the Book of Revelation: see on [[Revelation 10:1]]. In {{bibleref2|Ezekiel|43:2|NKJV}}, "the Earth shone with the glory of the God of Israel".


==Verse 2 ==
===Verse 2===
[[New King James Version]]
[[New King James Version]]
: ''And he cried mightily with a loud voice, saying, “Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and has become a dwelling place of demons, a prison for every foul spirit, and a cage for every unclean and hated bird!"''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|18:2|NKJV}}</ref>
: ''And he cried mightily with a loud voice, saying, “Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and has become a dwelling place of demons, a prison for every foul spirit, and a cage for every unclean and hated bird!"''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|18:2|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
Cross reference: [[Isaiah 21:9]], [[Revelation 14:8]]
Cross reference: [[Isaiah 21:9]], [[Revelation 14:8]]


{{lang-gr|φυλακη}}: probably a [[prison]], not a fortress.
{{lang-gr|φυλακη}}: probably a [[prison]], not a fortress.

==The fall of Babylon: the voice from heaven (18:4–20)==
The part records the words spoken by the voice from heaven referred in verse 4.{{sfn|Bauckham|2007|p=1301}}


==Verse 8==
==Verse 8==

Revision as of 06:46, 17 October 2019

Revelation 18
Revelation 13:16-14:4 on Papyrus 47 from the third century.
BookBook of Revelation
CategoryApocalypse
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part27

Revelation 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle,[1][2] but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate.[3] This chapter describes the fall of Babylon the Great.[4]

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 24 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:[a]

The fall of Babylon: the voice of an angel (18:1–3)

The cry of the angel about judgement against Babylon is an expansion of the one in Revelation 14:8.[6]

Verse 1

After these things I saw another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority, and the earth was illuminated with his glory.[7]

"Another angel": one of several angels distinguished from each other within the Book of Revelation: see on Revelation 10:1. In Ezekiel 43:2, "the Earth shone with the glory of the God of Israel".

Verse 2

New King James Version

And he cried mightily with a loud voice, saying, “Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and has become a dwelling place of demons, a prison for every foul spirit, and a cage for every unclean and hated bird!"[8]

Cross reference: Isaiah 21:9, Revelation 14:8

Greek: φυλακη: probably a prison, not a fortress.

The fall of Babylon: the voice from heaven (18:4–20)

The part records the words spoken by the voice from heaven referred in verse 4.[6]

Verse 8

Therefore her plagues will come in one day—death and mourning and famine. And she will be utterly burned with fire, for strong is the Lord God who judges her.[9]

Verses 11-16

This "lament of the merchants" [10] would appear to be based on a lament for the merchants of Tyre in Ezekiel 27:1–36. English theologian Henry Alford notes that "Rome never has been, nor can be, a great commercial city" and that this description "would be better adapted to London than to Rome".[11]

Verse 19

New King James Version

They threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and wailing, and saying, ‘Alas, alas, that great city, in which all who had ships on the sea became rich by her wealth! For in one hour she is made desolate.’[12][13]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus.[5]

References

  1. ^ Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.). New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN 0802823882.
  2. ^ Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans (ed.). Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN 0781442281.
  3. ^ F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
  4. ^ Bauckham 2007, p. 1289.
  5. ^ Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
  6. ^ a b Bauckham 2007, p. 1301.
  7. ^ Revelation 18:1 NKJV
  8. ^ Revelation 18:2 NKJV
  9. ^ Revelation 18:8 NKJV
  10. ^ Meyer, H., Meyer's NT Commentary on Revelation 18, accessed 7 December 2018
  11. ^ Quoted in Meyer, H., Meyer's NT Commentary on Revelation 18, accessed 7 December 2018
  12. ^ Revelation 18:19
  13. ^ John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible - Revelation 18:19

Bibliography

Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746-1763).

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