Allergies in dogs

Not to be confused with Allergy to dogs.

Dogs are susceptible to allergies much like their human companions. Most allergies occur in dogs over 6 months old. A dog that is repeatedly exposed to a particular allergen becomes sensitized to it, and the immune system overreacts to a subsequent exposure, most commonly manifesting in the form of skin irritation. Some of the signs are redness, itching, hair loss, and recurring skin infections from the irritation. Skin irritation may be generalized (all over) or localized (isolated to one or more specific areas). The dog may be more prone to scratching and licking at the irritated site, further exacerbating the problem.

Other common signs of allergies include coughing, sneezing, wheezing, ocular and nasal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, and licking of the paws.

While it may be possible to identify the cause of an allergic response, it is best to seek attention from a veterinarian to identify the best treatment possible. To identify the specific allergens to which the dog is sensitive, veterinarians will commonly use a serum allergy test or a skin allergy test. Veterinarians may recommend either over the counter Benadryl without added decongestant or Zyrtec to alleviate clinical signs. If the allergy is more severe, allergy immunotherapy may be recommended.

There are a number of different kinds of allergies from which dogs may suffer. The five main allergies include food allergies, flea allergies, bacteria allergies, contact allergies, and atopy allergies.

Allergies

Food

Dog food allergies are common health concerns because their signs include rashes, itchy or tender skin, gastrointestinal upsets and swelling. The ingredients behind these allergic responses are intact proteins. Protein sources that commonly offend include beef, soy, chicken, and turkey. Dogs with sensitivities to food that contain these common proteins may benefit from food that contains a novel protein source. A novel protein is any protein not commonly used in dog food, such as elk, rabbit, or bison. Novel protein diets make up the majority of hypoallergenic dog food diets.

Flea

Flea allergies, like food allergies, cause redness to the skin, and dogs become itchy and may begin chewing in spots. The primary cause of flea allergy dermatitis is due to the flea's saliva that is injected into the feeding site, triggering an immune response in the dog. A dog may find it soothing to be bathed in cool water with a shampoo designed for flea prevention. If the dog has self-mutilated by chewing or scratching, antibiotics may be needed, depending on the severity of the problem.

Bacteria

Bacterial allergies can be identified by red blotches, pus pockets, hair loss and a skin formation that looks like ringworm. Typically, bacterial allergies are secondary to other problems the dog may have, such as parasitism or hormonal disorders.

Contact

The signs of contact allergies are very similar to those of flea and bacterial allergies. Sources of allergens include but are not limited to bedding, plants, or household cleaning products. Treatment methods include special shampoos, prescribed oral steroids, and natural treatments like administration of omega-3.

Atopy

Atopy allergies manifest as itching, biting, hair loss and face rubbing. Other signs may be the presence of papules, which are small red bumps, or pustules, which are small pimple-like lesions. Atopy allergies are typically caused by fleas, but can also be caused by airborne and chemical irritants, like common household products.

See also

Hypoallergenic dog food