Carlisle Castle: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 54°53′50″N 2°56′31″W / 54.897260°N 2.941936°W / 54.897260; -2.941936
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** 1315– [[Ralph Fitzwilliam|Ralph FitzWilliam, Baron of Greystoke]] (died 1316)
** 1315– [[Ralph Fitzwilliam|Ralph FitzWilliam, Baron of Greystoke]] (died 1316)
** c.1315 John de Castre (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1310,1311,1316)
** c.1315 John de Castre (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1310,1311,1316)
** c.1315–1323 [[Andrew de Harcla]], 1st Earl of Carlisle (executed 1323) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1311,1312,1318,1319)
** c.1315–1323 [[Andrew de Harcla]], 1st Earl of Carlisle (executed 1323) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1311,1312,1318,1319) (Warden of the Western March, 1319–)
** 1323– [[Anthony de Lucy|Anthony Lord Lucy]] of Cockermouth (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1318,1323,1338)
** 1323– [[Anthony de Lucy|Anthony Lord Lucy]] of Cockermouth (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1318,1323,1338)
** [[John de Halton]], Bishop of Carlisle (2nd time) (died 1324)
** [[John de Halton]], Bishop of Carlisle (2nd time) (died 1324)
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** [[John Kirkby (bishop of Carlisle)|John Kirkby (Bishop of Carlisle)]]
** [[John Kirkby (bishop of Carlisle)|John Kirkby (Bishop of Carlisle)]]
** Sir Hugh de Moresby (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1331)
** Sir Hugh de Moresby (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1331)
** [[Thomas de Lucy |Thomas, Lord Lucy]] (died 1365) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1345)
** [[Thomas de Lucy |Thomas, Lord Lucy]] (died 1365) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1345) (Warden of the Western March, 1346–)
** Roland de Vaux (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1338)
** Roland de Vaux (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1338)
** Sir Richard de Denton (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1336)
** Sir Richard de Denton (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1336)
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* [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] (1377–1399):
* [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] (1377–1399):
** [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland]]
** [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland]] (Warden of the Western March, 1384–)
** 1384–1392 [[Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford]] (jointly) (died 1392)
** 1384–1392 [[Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford]] (jointly) (joint Warden of the Western March, 1386–)
** 1385– [[Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland|Ralph, Lord Neville de Raby]] (jointly)
** 1385– [[Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland|Ralph, Lord Neville de Raby]] (jointly) (joint Warden of the Western March, 1386–)
** John Lord Ross of [[Helmsley Castle|Hamlake]]
** John Lord Ross of [[Helmsley Castle|Hamlake]]
** 1395– [[John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter|John Holland, Earl of Huntington]]
** 1395– [[John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter|John Holland, Earl of Huntington]] (Warden of the Western March, 1398–) (executed 1400)
** Sir Lewis Clifford
** Sir Lewis Clifford


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* [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] (1442–1483);
* [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] (1442–1483);
** Richard Duke of Gloucester (later [[Richard III of England]])
** Richard Duke of Gloucester (later [[Richard III of England]]) (Warden of the Western March, 1471–1485)


* [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] (1483–1485):
* [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] (1483–1485):
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* [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] (1509–1547);
* [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] (1509–1547);
** 1525–1527 [[Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland]] <ref name=TC> {{cite web|url=https://thetudorchronicles.wordpress.com/2015/04/29/on-this-day-in-1500-william-dacre-was-born/|title=On this day in 1500 – William Dacre was born|publisher=Tudor Chronicles|accessdate=25 July 2019}} </ref>
** 1525–1527 [[Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland]] <ref name=TC> {{cite web|url=https://thetudorchronicles.wordpress.com/2015/04/29/on-this-day-in-1500-william-dacre-was-born/|title=On this day in 1500 – William Dacre was born|publisher=Tudor Chronicles|accessdate=25 July 2019}} </ref>
** 1527–1534 [[William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre|William Lord Dacre of Gillesland]] <ref name=TC/>
** 1527–1534 [[William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre|William Lord Dacre of Gillesland]] <ref name=TC/> (Warden of the Western March, 1527–1534)
** 1534–1542 [[Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland]] <ref name=TC/>
** 1534–1542 [[Henry Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland]] <ref name=TC/> (Warden of the Western March, 1534–1542)
** 1542– [[Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton]] (died 1568) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1529,1535,1539)
** 1542–?1549 [[Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton]] (died 1568) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1529,1535,1539) (Warden of the Western March, 1542–1549)


* [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]] (1547–1553):
* [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]] (1547–1553):
** 1549–1550 [[William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre|William Lord Dacre of Gillesland]]
** 1549–1550 [[William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre|William Lord Dacre of Gillesland]]
** 1551– [[John Conyers, 3rd Baron Conyers]] <ref> {{cite book|title=Illustrations Of British History, Biography, And Manners: In The ..., Volume 1|first=Edmund|last=Lodge|page=195}} </ref>
** 1551–?1553 [[John Conyers, 3rd Baron Conyers]] <ref> {{cite book|title=Illustrations Of British History, Biography, And Manners: In The ..., Volume 1|first=Edmund|last=Lodge|page=195}} </ref> (Warden of the Western March, 1551–1553)


* [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] (1553–1558):
* [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] (1553–1558):
Line 138: Line 138:
* [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] (1558–1603):
* [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] (1558–1603):
** [[William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre|William Lord Dacre of Gillesland]] (died 1563)
** [[William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre|William Lord Dacre of Gillesland]] (died 1563)
** c.1560–1591 [[Henry Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Bolton|Henry Lord Scrope of Bolton]]
** c.1560–1591 [[Henry Scrope, 9th Baron Scrope of Bolton|Henry Lord Scrope of Bolton]] (Warden of the Western March, 1560–1591)
** 1593–?1603 [[Thomas Scrope, 10th Baron Scrope of Bolton|Thomas Lord Scrope of Bolton]] (last Warden of the Western March, 1593–1603) <ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/scrope-thomas-1567-1609|title=SCROPE, Thomas (c.1567-1609), of Carlisle, Cumb.|publisher=History of Parliament Trust|accessdate=25 July 2019}} </ref>


* [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] (1625–1649):
* [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] (1625–1649):

Revision as of 01:06, 25 July 2019

Carlisle Castle
Carlisle, England
Carlisle Castle
Carlisle Castle is located in Carlisle city centre
Carlisle Castle
Carlisle Castle
Coordinates54°53′50″N 2°56′31″W / 54.897260°N 2.941936°W / 54.897260; -2.941936
Grid referencegrid reference NY396562
Site information
OwnerEnglish Heritage
Open to
the public		Yes
Site history
MaterialsStone

Carlisle Castle is situated in Carlisle, in the English county of Cumbria, near the ruins of Hadrian's Wall. The castle is over 900 years old and has been the scene of many historical episodes in British history. Given the proximity of Carlisle to the border between England and Scotland, it has been the centre of many wars and invasions. Today the castle is managed by English Heritage and is open to the public. The castle until recently was the administrative headquarters of the former King's Own Royal Border Regiment now county headquarters to the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment and a museum to the regiment is within the castle walls.

History

Carlisle Castle was first built during the reign of William II of England, the son of William the Conqueror who invaded England in 1066. At that time, Cumberland (the original name for north and west Cumbria) was still considered a part of Scotland. William II ordered the construction of a Norman style motte and bailey castle in Carlisle on the site of the old Roman fort of Luguvalium, dated by dendrochronology to 72AD, with the castle construction beginning in 1093. The need for a castle in Carlisle was to keep the northern border of England secured against the threat of invasion from Scotland. In 1122, Henry I of England ordered a stone castle to be constructed on the site. Thus a keep and city walls were constructed. The existing Keep dates from somewhere between 1122 and 1135.[1]

Entrance to Carlisle Castle. (De Ireby's tower)

The act of driving out the Scots from Cumberland led to many attempts to retake the lands. The result of this was that Carlisle and its castle would change hands many times for the next 700 years. The first attempt began during the troubled reign of Stephen of England.

On 26 March 1296, John 'The Red' Comyn, since the fourth quarter of 1295 Lord of Annandale, led a Scottish host across the Solway to attack Carlisle. The then governor of the castle, one Robert de Brus, deposed Lord of Annandale, successfully withstood the attack, before forcing the raiders to retreat back through Annandale to Sweetheart Abbey.

From the mid-13th century until the Union of the Crowns of England and Scotland in 1603, Carlisle Castle was the vital headquarters of the Western March, a buffer zone to protect the western portion of the Anglo-Scottish border.

Henry VIII converted the castle for artillery, employing the engineer Stefan von Haschenperg. For a few months in 1567, Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned within the castle, in the Warden's Tower, which was demolished in 1835.[2] Later, the castle was besieged by the Parliamentary forces for eight months in 1644, during the English Civil War.

An engraving of Carlisle Castle in 1829

The most important battles for the city of Carlisle and its castle were during the Jacobite rising of 1745 against George II of Great Britain. The forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart travelled south from Scotland into England reaching as far south as Derby. Carlisle and the castle were seized and fortified by the Jacobites. However they were driven north by the forces of William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, the son of George II. Carlisle was recaptured, and the Jacobites were jailed and executed. That battle marked the end of the castle's fighting life, as defending the border between England and Scotland was not necessary with both countries again one in Great Britain.

After 1746, the castle became somewhat neglected, although some minor repairs were undertaken such as that of the drawbridge in 1783.[3]

Some parts of the castle were then demolished for use as raw materials in the 19th century to create more or less what is visible to the visitor today. The Army moved in to take hold of the castle and in 1873 a system of recruiting areas based on counties was instituted under the Cardwell Reforms and the castle became the depot for the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot and the 55th (Westmorland) Regiment of Foot.[4] Under the Childers Reforms, the 34th and 55th regiments amalgamated to form the Border Regiment with its depot in the castle in 1881.[4] The castle remained the depot of the Border Regiment until 1959, when the regiment amalgamated with the King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) to form the King's Own Royal Border Regiment.[5] The Army Reserve still use parts of the castle: 8 Platoon C Company 4th Battalion the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment are based within the Burma Block alongside a Multi Cap-Badge detachment of the Army Reserve, including Medics, Engineers, Logisticicians, Intelligence and Infanteers from other Cap Badges.[6]

The exterior of Carlisle Castle, taken from Irishgate Bridge with the entrance in the centre and the keep behind. The wall on the left is a fragment of the city wall, with Tile Tower part way along.

Museum

The Castle houses Cumbria's Museum of Military Life.[7]

List of Governors

Governors appointed by:[8]

  • Henry II (1154–1189):
    • 1175– Robert de Vaux, Baron of Gilsland (died c.1195) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1174–1183)
    • Hugh Bardulf (died 1203) (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1199)
  • John {1199–1216):
    • William de Stuteville, Baron of Lyddal (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1198,1200)
  • Edward I (1272–1307):
    • Robert de Hampton (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1274)
    • Richard de Holebrok
    • John de Swinburn (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1277)
    • 1278– Gilbert de Curwen of Workington (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1278,1308)
    • William de Boyville (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1282)
    • 1295– Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale
    • c.1296 Michael de Harcla (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1285)
    • 1302– John de Halton, Bishop of Carlisle
    • Alexander de Bassenthwaite (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1307, 1309)
  • Richard III (1483–1485):
    • Sir Richard Salkeld of Corby (Sheriff of Cumberland, 1483, 1495)
  • Henry VII (1485–1509);
    • Sir Richard Salkeld of Corby

Post-Restoration of the monarchy

  • William IV (1830–1837):
    • 28 April 1831–1837: Lt Gen. Hon. James Ramsay,[18] son of the Earl of Dalhousie (last governor)

The post of Governor of Carlisle was abolished in 1838.[19]

Lieutenant-Governors of Carlisle

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Carlisle Castle Keep, Carlisle Castle, English Heritage website.
  2. ^ "Carlisle and the border".
  3. ^ "Carlisle Castle from garrison to monument".
  4. ^ a b "Training Depots". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ "Merged regiments and new brigading—many famous units to lose separate identity". The Times. 25 July 1957.
  6. ^ "Carlisle Castle Barracks". Choose your venue. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  7. ^ "Welcome". Cumbria's Museum of Military Life. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  8. ^ "The history and antiquities of Carlisle: with an account of the castles, gentlemen's seats, and antiquities, in the vicinity", Samuel Jefferson; Whittaker and Co.; First Edition (1838), p119-121
  9. ^ a b c "On this day in 1500 – William Dacre was born". Tudor Chronicles. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  10. ^ Lodge, Edmund. Illustrations Of British History, Biography, And Manners: In The ..., Volume 1. p. 195.
  11. ^ "SCROPE, Thomas (c.1567-1609), of Carlisle, Cumb". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  12. ^ https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Stradling,_Henry_(DNB00)
  13. ^ The British Chronologist: Comprehending Every Material Occurrence ..., Volume 2. p. 222.
  14. ^ The British Chronologist: Comprehending Every Material Occurrence ..., Volume 2. p. 235.
  15. ^ a b "No. 8874". The London Gazette. 8 August 1749. p. 1.
  16. ^ "No. 13460". The London Gazette. 18 September 1792. p. 726.
  17. ^ "No. 18149". The London Gazette. 25 June 1825. p. 1107.
  18. ^ "No. 18802". The London Gazette. 10 May 1831. p. 899.
  19. ^ Accounts and Papers: Seventeen Volumes. UK Government. 1838. p. 58.

Further reading

External links

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