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{{Bible chapter|letname= Ezekiel 4 |previouslink= Ezekiel 3 |previousletter= chapter 3 |nextlink= Ezekiel 5 |nextletter= chapter 5 |book=[[Book of Ezekiel]] |biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 26 |hbiblepart= [[Nevi'im]] | hbooknum = 7 |category= [[Nevi'im|Latter Prophets]] | filename= Book of Ezekiel.jpg |size=242px | name= MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a., Ezekiel 30:13–18. |caption=<div style="width: 242px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">[[Book of Ezekiel]] 30:13–18 in an English manuscript from the early 13th century, MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a. A Latin translation appears in the margins with further interlineations above the Hebrew.</div>}}
{{Bible chapter|letname= Ezekiel 4 |previouslink= Ezekiel 3 |previousletter= chapter 3 |nextlink= Ezekiel 5 |nextletter= chapter 5 |book=[[Book of Ezekiel]] |biblepart=[[Old Testament]] | booknum= 26 |hbiblepart= [[Nevi'im]] | hbooknum = 7 |category= [[Nevi'im|Latter Prophets]] | filename= Book of Ezekiel.jpg |size=242px | name= MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a., Ezekiel 30:13–18. |caption=<div style="width: 242px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">[[Book of Ezekiel]] 30:13–18 in an English manuscript from the early 13th century, MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a. A Latin translation appears in the margins with further interlineations above the Hebrew.</div>}}


'''Ezekiel 4''' is the fourth chapter of the [[Book of Ezekiel]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christian Bible]]. This book is one of the [[Nevi'im|Books of the Prophets]] and supposedly contains the [[prophecy|prophecies]] of the prophet [[Ezekiel]].<ref name="Hiebert">Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. ''The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI''. Nashville: Abingdon.</ref>
'''Ezekiel 4''' is the fourth chapter of the [[Book of Ezekiel]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or the [[Old Testament]] of the [[Christian Bible]]. This book is one of the [[Nevi'im|Books of the Prophets]] and contains the [[prophecy|prophecies]] attributed to the prophet [[Ezekiel]].<ref name="Hiebert">Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. ''The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI''. Nashville: Abingdon.</ref> In this chapter, following God's command, Ezekiel performs a sign-act, a symbolic representation of the siege of Jerusalem and resulting famine.{{sfn|Galambush|2007|p=539}}


==Text==
==Text==
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There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ('''S'''; [[Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)|BHK]]: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>S</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}
There is also a translation into [[Koine Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]], made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ('''S'''; [[Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)|BHK]]: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>S</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}


==The Siege of Jerusalem (4:1–8)==
⚫
==Verse 1==
This part describes how Ezekiel enacts the Siege of Jerusalem, by first drawing a map of Jerusalem on a mud brick, then building a model siege apparatus encircling the model city, and finally setting up an iron plate as a wall between the city and himself, facing the city to start the siege to it.{{sfn|Galambush|2007|p=539}}
⚫
{{quote|“You also, son of man, take a clay tablet and lay it before you, and portray on it a city, Jerusalem." ([[NKJV]])<ref>{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|4:1|NKJV}}</ref>}}
⚫
===Verse 1===

⚫
:''"You also, son of man, take a clay tablet and lay it before you, and portray on it a city, Jerusalem."''<ref>{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|4:1|NKJV}} [[New King James Version|NKJV]]</ref>
* "Clay tablet" (KJV: "tile"): or "brick"<ref>"laterem", V. L. Pagninus, Montanus, Junius & Tremellius, Polanus. Piscator.</ref><ref name=newoxford/>
* "Clay tablet" (KJV: "tile"): or "brick"<ref>"laterem", V. L. Pagninus, Montanus, Junius & Tremellius, Polanus. Piscator.</ref><ref name=newoxford/>
* "Portray on it": to draw the city of Jerusalem.<ref name=newoxford>The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1186-1187 Hebrew Bible. {{ISBN|978-0195288810}}</ref>
* "Portray on it": to draw the city of Jerusalem.<ref name=newoxford>The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1186-1187 Hebrew Bible. {{ISBN|978-0195288810}}</ref>


==Verse 5==
===Verse 5===
{{quote|For I have laid on you the years of their iniquity, according to the number of the days, three hundred and ninety days; so you shall bear the iniquity of the house of Israel. ([[NKJV]])<ref>{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|4:5|NKJV}}</ref>}}
:''For I have laid on you the years of their iniquity, according to the number of the days, three hundred and ninety days; so you shall bear the iniquity of the house of Israel.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|4:5|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
*"390 days": signifies the 390 years of pre-siege punishment for Israel in the land (cf. {{bibleverse|Leviticus|26:14–32|KJV}}).{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=1186 Hebrew Bible}}

===Verse 6===
⚫
:''And when you have completed them, lie again on your right side; then you shall bear the iniquity of the house of Judah forty days. I have laid on you a day for each year.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|4:6|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
*"40 days": signifies the 40 years of post-siege punishment for Judah in exile (cf. {{bibleverse|Numbers|14:34|KJV}}).{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=1186 Hebrew Bible}}


==Verse 6==
==Famine (4:9–17)==
In this part Ezekiel acts out the role of Jerusalem's citizens, eating meager rations of food to symbolize famine, even baking cakes of animal dung to emphasize the severity.{{sfn|Galambush|2007|p=530}}
⚫
{{quote|And when you have completed them, lie again on your right side; then you shall bear the iniquity of the house of Judah forty days. I have laid on you a day for each year.([[NKJV]])<ref>{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|4:6|NKJV}}</ref>}}


==See also==
==See also==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* [[Son of man]]
* [[Son of man]]
* [[Jerusalem]]
* [[Jerusalem]]
{{col-end}}
{{Portal|Bible}}
{{Portal|Bible}}
*Related [[Bible]] parts: Jeremiah 27, Jeremiah 28, Jeremiah 29, [[1 Thessalonians 5]], [[1 Peter 4]]
*Related [[Bible]] parts: Jeremiah 27, Jeremiah 28, Jeremiah 29, [[1 Thessalonians 5]], [[1 Peter 4]]

Revision as of 03:41, 4 July 2019

Ezekiel 4
Book of Ezekiel 30:13–18 in an English manuscript from the early 13th century, MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a. A Latin translation appears in the margins with further interlineations above the Hebrew.
BookBook of Ezekiel
Hebrew Bible partNevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part7
CategoryLatter Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part26

Ezekiel 4 is the fourth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book is one of the Books of the Prophets and contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Ezekiel.[1] In this chapter, following God's command, Ezekiel performs a sign-act, a symbolic representation of the siege of Jerusalem and resulting famine.[2]

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 17 verses.

Textual versions

Some early witnesses containing this chapter in the Hebrew language are found in fragments among the Dead Sea Scrolls: (2nd century BC)[3][4]

  • 1Q9 (1QEzek): extant verses 15‑17
  • 11Q4 (11QEzek): extant verses 3‑6, 9‑10

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[5]

The Siege of Jerusalem (4:1–8)

This part describes how Ezekiel enacts the Siege of Jerusalem, by first drawing a map of Jerusalem on a mud brick, then building a model siege apparatus encircling the model city, and finally setting up an iron plate as a wall between the city and himself, facing the city to start the siege to it.[2]

Verse 1

"You also, son of man, take a clay tablet and lay it before you, and portray on it a city, Jerusalem."[6]
  • "Clay tablet" (KJV: "tile"): or "brick"[7][8]
  • "Portray on it": to draw the city of Jerusalem.[8]

Verse 5

For I have laid on you the years of their iniquity, according to the number of the days, three hundred and ninety days; so you shall bear the iniquity of the house of Israel.[9]

Verse 6

And when you have completed them, lie again on your right side; then you shall bear the iniquity of the house of Judah forty days. I have laid on you a day for each year.[11]
  • "40 days": signifies the 40 years of post-siege punishment for Judah in exile (cf. Numbers 14:34).[10]

Famine (4:9–17)

In this part Ezekiel acts out the role of Jerusalem's citizens, eating meager rations of food to symbolize famine, even baking cakes of animal dung to emphasize the severity.[12]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
  2. ^ a b Galambush 2007, p. 539.
  3. ^ Timothy A. J. Jull; Douglas J. Donahue; Magen Broshi; Emanuel Tov (1995). "Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert". Radiocarbon. 38 (1): 14. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  4. ^ Ulrich 2010, p. 586.
  5. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  6. ^ Ezekiel 4:1 NKJV
  7. ^ "laterem", V. L. Pagninus, Montanus, Junius & Tremellius, Polanus. Piscator.
  8. ^ a b The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1186-1187 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
  9. ^ Ezekiel 4:5 NKJV
  10. ^ a b Coogan 2007, p. 1186 Hebrew Bible.
  11. ^ Ezekiel 4:6 NKJV
  12. ^ Galambush 2007, p. 530.

Sources

Jewish

Christian

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