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→‎Verse 2: Copied material from Claudius' expulsion of Jews from Rome. See that page history for attribution.
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==Verse 2==
==Verse 2==
{{see also|Claudius' expulsion of Jews from Rome}}
{{see also|Claudius' expulsion of Jews from Rome}}
:''And he found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, who had recently come from [[Italy]] with his wife Priscilla (because [[Claudius]] had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome); and he came to them.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Acts|18:2|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
:''And he found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, who had recently come from [[Italy]] with his wife Priscilla (because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome); and he came to them.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Acts|18:2|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
References to the action of Roman Emperor [[Claudius]] (in office AD 41-54) to command "all the Jews to depart from Rome" appear in the writings of [[Roman historiography|Roman historians]] [[Suetonius]] (c. AD 69 – c. AD 122), [[Cassius Dio]] (c. AD 150 – c. 235) and fifth-century Christian author [[Paulus Orosius]]. Scholars generally agree that these references refer to the same incident.<ref name=Reisner13>[[Rainer Riesner]] "Pauline Chronology" in Stephen Westerholm ''The Blackwell Companion to Paul'' (May 16, 2011) {{ISBN|1405188448}} pp.13-14</ref><ref name=Cradle110 >Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=g-MG9sFLAz0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780805443653&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LwKCU76QGYiXyASBv4LICQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=claudius&f=false The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament]'' (2009) {{ISBN|978-0-8054-4365-3}} p. 110, 400</ref>


== Verse 5 ==
== Verse 5 ==

Revision as of 19:15, 15 May 2019

Acts 18
Acts 18:27–19:6 on recto side in Papyrus 38, written about AD 250.
BookActs of the Apostles
CategoryChurch history
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part5

Acts 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the final part of the second missionary journey of Paul, together with Silas and Timothy, and the beginning of the third missionary journey. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke.[1]

Text

The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 28 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are:

Places mentioned

This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance):

Timeline

This part of the second missionary journey of Paul took place in c. AD 50–52, based on the time when Gallio was proconsul of Achaia.[2]

Verse 1

After these things Paul departed from Athens and went to Corinth.[3]

Paul travelled from Athens to Corinth, a distance of about 82 km on modern roads.

Verse 2

See also: Claudius' expulsion of Jews from Rome
And he found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla (because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome); and he came to them.[4]

References to the action of Roman Emperor Claudius (in office AD 41-54) to command "all the Jews to depart from Rome" appear in the writings of Roman historians Suetonius (c. AD 69 – c. AD 122), Cassius Dio (c. AD 150 – c. 235) and fifth-century Christian author Paulus Orosius. Scholars generally agree that these references refer to the same incident.[5][6]

Verse 5

When Silas and Timothy had come from Macedonia, Paul was compelled by the Spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus is the Christ.[7]

Verse 12

Fragment of Delphi Inscription with the name ΓΑΛΛίΩΝ ("Gallion") - Delphi museum
When Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews with one accord rose up against Paul and brought him to the judgment seat,[8]

Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus or Gallio was a Roman senator and brother of famous writer Seneca. He was the proconsul of Achaia. According to this chapter, he dismissed the charge brought by the Jews against the Apostle Paul. (Acts 18:12–17) His behaviour on this occasion ("but Gallio cared for none of these things", v. 17) showed his disregard for Jewish sensitivities, and also the impartial attitude of Roman officials towards Christianity in its early days. Gallio's tenure can be fairly accurately dated to between 51–52 AD.[9] The reference to proconsul Gallio in the Delphi Inscription, or Gallio Inscription (IG, VII, 1676; SIG, II, 801d; AD 52)[10][a] provides an important marker for developing a chronology of the life of Apostle Paul by relating it to the trial of Paul in Achaea mentioned in this chapter.[12][13] Therefore, the events of Acts 18 can be dated to this period. This is significant because it is the most accurately known date in the life of Paul.[14]

Matthew Henry claims that the crowd that beat up Sosthenes was enraged at Paul and Gallio. They demonstrated that if Gallio would not judge that they would. Gallio's indifference to the case against Paul could be commendable for its impartiality. However Gallio's indifference to the beating up of an innocent man, Sosthenes, carried indifference too far, not only showing a contempt for the case, but also for the people presenting the case.[15]

Verse 18

So Paul still remained a good while. Then he took leave of the brethren and sailed for Syria, and Priscilla and Aquila were with him. He had his hair cut off at Cenchrea, for he had taken a vow.[16]

Matthew Henry claimed that the original text is ambiguous as to who had their hair cut off, it could have been Aquila or Paul. The vow was likely a Nazarite vow with the hair cut signifying completion of the vow period.[15]

Cenchrea on the east side of the isthmus was one of two ports for Corinth. It was used for sea journeys to the east.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The reconstructed inscription reads:
    Tiber[ius Claudius Cae]sar Augustus Ge[rmanicus, invested with tribunician po]wer [for the 12th time, acclaimed Imperator for t]he 26th time, F[ather of the Fa]ther[land...]. For a l[ong time have I been not onl]y [well-disposed towards t]he ci[ty] of Delph[i, but also solicitous for its pro]sperity, and I have always guard[ed th]e cul[t of t]he [Pythian] Apol[lo. But] now [since] it is said to be desti[tu]te of [citi]zens, as [L. Jun]ius Gallio, my fri[end] an[d procon]sul, [recently reported to me, and being desirous that Delphi] should retain [inta]ct its for[mer rank, I] ord[er you (pl.) to in]vite well-born people also from [ot]her cities [to Delphi as new inhabitants....][11]

References

  1. ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  2. ^ John Arthur Thomas Robinson (1919–1983), "Redating the New Testament", Westminster Press, 1976. 369 pages. ISBN 978-1-57910-527-3
  3. ^ Acts 18:1 NKJV
  4. ^ Acts 18:2 NKJV
  5. ^ Rainer Riesner "Pauline Chronology" in Stephen Westerholm The Blackwell Companion to Paul (May 16, 2011) ISBN 1405188448 pp.13-14
  6. ^ Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum, The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament (2009) ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3 p. 110, 400
  7. ^ Acts 18:5
  8. ^ Acts 18:12 NKJV
  9. ^ John Drane,"An Introduction to the Bible",Lion, 1990, p.634-635
  10. ^ The Gallio Inscription Archived 2013-12-19 at the Wayback Machine at http://users.wfu.edu
  11. ^ Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome, St. Paul's Corinth: Text and Archaeology (Liturgical Press, 2002) ISBN 9780814653036 p.161.
  12. ^ A. Köstenberger, The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament, 2009 ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3 page 400
  13. ^ The Cambridge Companion to St Paul by James D. G. Dunn (Nov 10, 2003) Cambridge Univ Press ISBN 0521786940 page 20
  14. ^ Pauline Chronology: His Life and Missionary Work, from Catholic Resources by Felix Just, S.J.
  15. ^ a b Winter, edited by David (1975). Matthew Henry's commentary : Acts to Revelation (Abridged [ed.] ed.). London: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 102–106. ISBN 0340191384. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  16. ^ Acts 18:18
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