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[[File:The Fourth Party Vanity Fair 1 December 1880.jpg|thumb|right|"The Fourth Party"<center>[[Lord Randolph Churchill|Churchill]], [[Arthur Balfour|Balfour]], [[Henry Drummond-Wolff|Drummond-Wolff]] and [[John Eldon Gorst|Gorst]] as caricatured by Spy ([[Leslie Ward]]) in [[Vanity Fair (British magazine)|Vanity Fair]], December 1880</center>]]
[[File:The Fourth Party Vanity Fair 1 December 1880.jpg|thumb|right|"The Fourth Party"<center>[[Lord Randolph Churchill|Churchill]], [[Arthur Balfour|Balfour]], [[Henry Drummond-Wolff|Drummond-Wolff]] and [[John Eldon Gorst|Gorst]] as caricatured by Spy ([[Leslie Ward]]) in [[Vanity Fair (British magazine)|Vanity Fair]], December 1880</center>]]


The '''Fourth Party''' was an informal label given to four [[British MP]]s, [[Lord Randolph Churchill]], [[Henry Drummond Wolff]], [[John Eldon Gorst|John Gorst]] and [[Arthur Balfour]], who gained national attention by acting together in the 1880–1885 parliament. They attacked what they saw as the weakness of both the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] government and the Conservative opposition. They were all backbench members of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]. The Fourth Party seized upon the [[Charles Bradlaugh|Bradlaugh affair]], expressing time and again the outrage felt by many Conservatives for Gladstone allowing an avowed atheist to sit in Parliament. They had the support of two thirds of the Conservative MPs<ref>Walter L. Arnstein, ''Bradlaugh Case: Atheism, Sex and Politics Among the Late Victorians'' (1983) </ref> The Fourth Party also vigorously assaulted Gladstone regarding the Irish Land Bill of 1881.<ref>{{cite book|author=Terence Andrew Jenkins|title=Parliament, Party and Politics in Victorian Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hrpAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA123|year=1996|publisher=Manchester UP|pages=123–25}}</ref>
The '''Fourth Party''' was a label given to a quartet of [[British MP]]s, [[Lord Randolph Churchill]], [[Henry Drummond Wolff]], [[John Eldon Gorst|John Gorst]] and [[Arthur Balfour]], in the 1880–1885 parliament.

They attacked what they saw as the weakness of both the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] government and the Conservative opposition. Despite the label, they were all [[backbench]] members of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].


According to the report in ''[[The New York Times]]'', they would "act as skirmishers to the main body, popping out here and there to fire a shot at the Government and being ostensibly rebuked but really supported by the Conservative leaders."<ref>{{cite news
According to the report in ''[[The New York Times]]'', they would "act as skirmishers to the main body, popping out here and there to fire a shot at the Government and being ostensibly rebuked but really supported by the Conservative leaders."<ref>{{cite news
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|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]
|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]
|isbn=0-300-05048-8}}</ref><ref>http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/Analysis-Archive/ideasToday/05/spotlightFellows.pdf</ref>
|isbn=0-300-05048-8}}</ref><ref>http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/Analysis-Archive/ideasToday/05/spotlightFellows.pdf</ref>

⚫
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Churchill, Winston. ''Lord Randolph Churchill'' (1906) pp 119–71.
* Churchill, Winston. ''Lord Randolph Churchill'' (1906) pp 119–71.
*{{cite book |title=The Fourth Party |author=Harold Edward Gorst |publisher=Smith, Elder |year=1906 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCtQmFm0tjMC}}
*{{cite book |title=The Fourth Party |author=Harold Edward Gorst |publisher=Smith, Elder |year=1906 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TCtQmFm0tjMC}}
* {{cite book|author=Green, Ewen |title=Balfour|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ooGADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT22|year=2006|pages=22–26}}</ref>
* {{cite book|author=Green, Ewen |title=Balfour|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ooGADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT22|year=2006|pages=22–26}}
* {{cite book|author=Jenkins, Terence A.|title=Parliament, Party and Politics in Victorian Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hrpAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA123|year=1996|publisher=Manchester UP|pages=123–25}}
* Quinault, R. E. "Lord Randolph Churchill and Tory Democracy, 1880–1885." ''Historical Journal'' 22.1 (1979): 141-165.
* Quinault, R. E. "Lord Randolph Churchill and Tory Democracy, 1880–1885." ''Historical Journal'' 22.1 (1979): 141-165.
* Quinault, Roland E. "The Fourth Party and the Conservative Opposition to Bradlaugh 1880-1888." ''English Historical Review'' 91.359 (1976): 315-340. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/566174 online]
* Quinault, Roland E. "The Fourth Party and the Conservative Opposition to Bradlaugh 1880-1888." ''English Historical Review'' 91.359 (1976): 315-340. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/566174 online]
*Zebel, Sydney H. ''Balfour: A political biography'' (1973) pp. 27– 44.
*Zebel, Sydney H. ''Balfour: A political biography'' (1973) pp. 27– 44.


⚫
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}


{{Conservative Party (UK)}}
{{Conservative Party (UK)}}

Revision as of 21:42, 8 May 2019

For the era in American politics, see Fourth Party System.
For visual effects studio, see 4th Creative Party.
"The Fourth Party"
Churchill, Balfour, Drummond-Wolff and Gorst as caricatured by Spy (Leslie Ward) in Vanity Fair, December 1880

The Fourth Party was an informal label given to four British MPs, Lord Randolph Churchill, Henry Drummond Wolff, John Gorst and Arthur Balfour, who gained national attention by acting together in the 1880–1885 parliament. They attacked what they saw as the weakness of both the Liberal government and the Conservative opposition. They were all backbench members of the Conservative Party. The Fourth Party seized upon the Bradlaugh affair, expressing time and again the outrage felt by many Conservatives for Gladstone allowing an avowed atheist to sit in Parliament. They had the support of two thirds of the Conservative MPs[1] The Fourth Party also vigorously assaulted Gladstone regarding the Irish Land Bill of 1881.[2]

According to the report in The New York Times, they would "act as skirmishers to the main body, popping out here and there to fire a shot at the Government and being ostensibly rebuked but really supported by the Conservative leaders."[3]

The later Conservative Party faction known as the Hughligans was "a self-conscious attempt to recreate the 'Fourth Party'", according to Rhodri Williams.[4][5]

References

  1. ^ Walter L. Arnstein, Bradlaugh Case: Atheism, Sex and Politics Among the Late Victorians (1983)
  2. ^ Terence Andrew Jenkins (1996). Parliament, Party and Politics in Victorian Britain. Manchester UP. pp. 123–25.
  3. ^ "Timely English Topics: Temperance Success and Parliamentary Scenes". The New York Times. July 3, 1881. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
  4. ^ Dr Rhodri Williams (1991). Defending the Empire: The Conservative Party and British Defence Policy 1899-1915. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05048-8.
  5. ^ http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/Analysis-Archive/ideasToday/05/spotlightFellows.pdf

Further reading

  • Churchill, Winston. Lord Randolph Churchill (1906) pp 119–71.
  • Harold Edward Gorst (1906). The Fourth Party. Smith, Elder.
  • Green, Ewen (2006). Balfour. pp. 22–26.
  • Jenkins, Terence A. (1996). Parliament, Party and Politics in Victorian Britain. Manchester UP. pp. 123–25.
  • Quinault, R. E. "Lord Randolph Churchill and Tory Democracy, 1880–1885." Historical Journal 22.1 (1979): 141-165.
  • Quinault, Roland E. "The Fourth Party and the Conservative Opposition to Bradlaugh 1880-1888." English Historical Review 91.359 (1976): 315-340. online
  • Zebel, Sydney H. Balfour: A political biography (1973) pp. 27– 44.



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