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==Textual versions==
==Textual versions==
Some ancient witnesses for the text of this chapter in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] are of the [[Masoretic Text]], which includes the [[Codex Cairensis]] (895), [[Codex Babylonicus Petropolitanus|the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets]] (916), [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century), [[Leningrad Codex|Codex Leningradensis]] (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}
Some ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:
* [[Masoretic Text]]
** [[Codex Cairensis]] (895 CE)
** [[Aleppo Codex]] (10th century)
** [[Leningrad Codex]] (1008-1009)


There is also a translation into [[Greek language|Greek]] known as the [[Septuagint]] (with different verse numbering), made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the [[Septuagint]] version include [[Codex Vaticanus]] ('''B'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>B</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Sinaiticus]] ('''S'''; [[Biblia Hebraica (Kittel)|BHK]]: <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>S</sup>; 4th century), [[Codex Alexandrinus]] ('''A'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>A</sup>; 5th century) and [[Codex Marchalianus]] ('''Q'''; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math><sup>Q</sup>; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}
Ancient translations in [[Koine Greek]]:
* [[Septuagint]] (different verse numbering)
* [[Theodotion]] version


==Structure==
==Structure==

Revision as of 04:33, 17 March 2019

For Jeremiah 39 in Septuagint, see Jeremiah 32.
Jeremiah 39
Book of Jeremiah in Hebrew Bible, MS. Sassoon 1053, images 283-315.
BookBook of Jeremiah
Hebrew Bible partNevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part6
CategoryLatter Prophets
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part24

Jeremiah 39 is the thirty-ninth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is numbered as Jeremiah 46 in the Septuagint. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter records the fall of Jerusalem, Jeremiah 39:1-10; and Jeremiah's fate, Jeremiah 39:11-18.[1] A part of a narrative section consisting of Jeremiah chapters 37-44.[2]

Text

The original text of this chapter, as with the rest of the Book of Jeremiah, was written in Hebrew language. Since the division of the Bible into chapters and verses in the late medieval period, this chapter is divided into 18 verses. The content is similar to 2 Kings 25:1–12 and Jeremiah 52:4–16.[3]

Textual versions

Some ancient witnesses for the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[4]

There is also a translation into Greek known as the Septuagint (with different verse numbering), made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[5]

Structure

NKJV groups this chapter into:

Verse 1

In the ninth year of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and all his army came against Jerusalem, and besieged it.[6]

Cross reference: 2 Kings 25:1; Jeremiah 52:1–4; Ezekiel 24:1–2

Verse 2

In the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, on the ninth day of the month, the city was penetrated. (NKJV)[9]

Cross reference: 2 Kings 25:2–4; Jeremiah 52:5–7

  • "The eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month": "July 586 BCE", the wall of Jerusalem "was broken through" after 18 months of siege,[7][8] and the city fell after completely devoid of food and the cannibalism became prevalent (Jeremiah 52:4–6; Lamentation 4:10Template:Bibleverse with invalid book).[8]

Verse 3

All the officials of the king of Babylon entered and sat at the Middle Gate: Nergal-sharezer, Samgar, Nebusarsechim the Rab-saris, Nergal-sharezer the Rab-mag, and all the rest of the officials of Babylon’s king. (HCSB)[10]

The medieval Jewish commentator Rashi considered the statement "All the officials of the king of Babylon entered and sat at the Middle Gate" as the fulfillment of the prophecy, "They shall come and each one set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem" in Jeremiah 1:15.[11]

  • "Nebusarsechim Rab-saris" (Hebrew: נבו שר־סכים רב־סריס): David Vanderhooft reported, "A certain Nabû-šarrūssu-ukīn held the office of rēš šarri under Amel-Marduk in 561 B.C.E."[12] A tablet was unearthed in the ancient city of Sippar in the 1870s and acquired by the British Museum in 1920, but only being discovered by Michael Jursa of University of Vienna in 2000s, to contain both the name and the title Nabu-sharrussu-ukin rab ša-rēši closely matched of this person.[13] As the tablet is dated just eight years before the events described here, Jursa wrote that the rarity of the Babylonian name, the high rank of the rab ša-rēši and the close proximity in time make it almost certain that the person mentioned on the tablet is identical with the biblical figure.[14]
  • "Samgar" or "Simmagir"; "Rab-saris"; and "Rab-mag" are "titles of Babylonian officials" according to the New Oxford Annotated Bible.[7]

Verse 7

Moreover he put out Zedekiah’s eyes, and bound him with bronze fetters to carry him off to Babylon. (NKJV)[15]

Cross reference: 2 Kings 25:7; Jeremiah 52:11

  • Huey noted the fulfillment of two prophecies in this verse:[3]
    1. Zedekiah would see the king of Babylon and then be taken to Babylon (the prophecy recorded in Jeremiah 32:4–5; Jeremiah 34:3)
    2. Zedekiah would die in Babylon without being able to see that country (the prophecy recorded in Ezekiel 12:13)

Verse numbering

The order of chapters and verses of the Book of Jeremiah in the English Bibles, Masoretic Text (Hebrew), and Vulgate (Latin), in some places differs from that in the Septuagint (LXX, the Greek Bible used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and others) according to Rahlfs or Brenton. The following table is taken with minor adjustments from Brenton's Septuagint, page 971.[16]

The order of Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint/Scriptural Study (CATSS) based on Alfred Rahlfs' Septuaginta (1935), differs in some details from Joseph Ziegler's critical edition (1957) in Göttingen LXX. Swete's Introduction mostly agrees with Rahlfs' edition (=CATSS).[16]

Hebrew, Vulgate, English Rahlfs' LXX (CATSS) Brenton's LXX
32:1-44 39:1-44
39:1-3,14-18 46:1-3,14-18 46:1-4,15-18
39:4-13 none

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Huey 1993, p. 340-346.
  2. ^ The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1137 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
  3. ^ a b Huey 1993, p. 343.
  4. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
  5. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  6. ^ Jeremiah 39:1 NKJV
  7. ^ a b c The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1140 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
  8. ^ a b c Huey 1993, p. 341.
  9. ^ Jeremiah 39:2
  10. ^ Jeremiah 39:3
  11. ^ Rashi's Commentary on Jeremiah 39:3.
  12. ^ Vanderhooft, David. The Neo-Babylonian Empire and Babylon in the Latter Prophets. HSS 59; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1999. p 151.
  13. ^ Translation (by Michael Jursa?) found in Reynolds, Nigel. (2007). "Tiny Tablet provides proof for Old Testament." Telegraph.co.uk. Archived.
  14. ^ Jursa, M., "Nabû-šarrūssu-ukīn, rab ša-rēši, und ,,Nebusarsekim“ (Jer 39:3)" Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires 2008-1 pp. 9-10 (link)
  15. ^ Jeremiah 39:7
  16. ^ a b CCEL - Brenton Jeremiah Appendix.

Bibliography

  • Ryle, Herbert Edward (2009). The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges Paperback. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 9781117708690.
  • Huey, F. B. (1993). The New American Commentary - Jeremiah, Lamentations: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, NIV Text. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401165.

Jewish

Christian

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