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[[File:Timurid Anthology Zhertva.jpg|thumb|The Angel Hinders the Offering of Isaac, [[Shiraz]] 1410, today in [[Lisbon]]]] |
[[File:Timurid Anthology Zhertva.jpg|thumb|The Angel Hinders the Offering of Isaac, [[Shiraz]] 1410, today in [[Lisbon]]]] |
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'''Timurid Renaissance''' was a historical phenomenon of the rise of [[arts]] and [[sciences]] in the [[Timurid Empire]] that occurred during the reign of [[Timurid dynasty]] in the period between the late 14th and early 16th centuries.<ref name="Journal1988">{{cite journal |last=Subtelny |first=Maria Eva |date=November 1988 |title=Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/socioeconomic-bases-of-cultural-patronage-under-the-later-timurids/2A0F3018EE155F23FC4A7F5F25D7DE6D |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume= |
'''Timurid Renaissance''' was a historical phenomenon of the rise of [[arts]] and [[sciences]] in the [[Timurid Empire]] that occurred during the reign of [[Timurid dynasty]] in the period between the late 14th and early 16th centuries.<ref name="Journal1988">{{cite journal |last=Subtelny |first=Maria Eva |date=November 1988 |title=Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/socioeconomic-bases-of-cultural-patronage-under-the-later-timurids/2A0F3018EE155F23FC4A7F5F25D7DE6D |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=479–505 |access-date=7 November 2016}}</ref> The use of term of renaissance for the description of this period has raised reservations among scholars and some of them see it as a [[swan song]] of Timurid culture.<ref name="Journal1988" /><ref name="A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=fx0Dlwb18WYC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=Timurid+renaissance&source=bl&ots=oRBca6Ril-&sig=91TIV5mBBnYFwGah_7x6b0NP-jA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijusmUk5fQAhVHKsAKHeqdDn8Q6AEITTAI#v=onepage&q=Timurid%20renaissance&f=false |title=A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance, Guido Ruggiero |accessdate=7 November 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108052706/https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=fx0Dlwb18WYC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=Timurid+renaissance&source=bl&ots=oRBca6Ril-&sig=91TIV5mBBnYFwGah_7x6b0NP-jA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijusmUk5fQAhVHKsAKHeqdDn8Q6AEITTAI#v=onepage&q=Timurid%20renaissance&f=false |archivedate=8 November 2016 |df=}}</ref> It was flourishing at the same historical epoch when [[Europe]] experienced [[Renaissance]] movement. Timurid Renaissance reached its peak in the 15th century after the end of period of [[Mongol invasions and conquests]]. One of the symbols of the Timurid Renaissance is the rebuilding of the [[Samarkand]] by [[Timur]]. Samarkand, important [[Islamic]] center for scholarly study, was destroyed by [[Genghis Khan]] during the [[Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia]]. Timur reign experienced revived interest in the classical [[Persian art]]. Large-scale building projects have been undertaken ([[mausoleums]], [[madrasas]], and kitabhane-medieval Islamic book workshops), [[mathematics]] and [[astronomy]] got more attention, and at the beginning of the 16th century mastering [[firearms]] was achieved. Major commissions from the Timur's lifetime were the Timur's Summer Palace in [[Shahrisabz]], [[Bibi-Khanym Mosque]], as well as reconstruction of the city of Samarkand itself.<ref name="TheMet" /> The city of [[Herat]] became important center of intellectual and artistic life in the Islamic world during this time.<ref name="TheMet">{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/timu/hd_timu.htm |title=The Art of the Timurid Period (ca. 1370–1507) |accessdate=7 November 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125142429/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/timu/hd_timu.htm |archivedate=25 November 2016 |df=}}</ref> The fact that Samarkand and Herat were able to become the centers of Timurid Renaissance and [[Persian culture]] at that time in general is due to the destruction of [[Persia]]n cities by previous wars.<ref name="Timurids">{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/timurids.html |title=Timurids |accessdate=7 November 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108133423/http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/timurids.html |archivedate=8 November 2016 |df=}}</ref> Timurid Renaissance differed from the previous cultural and artistic developments during the [[Buyid dynasty]] in fact that it was not direct revival of classical models but it rather broaden the cultural appeal by including more [[colloquial]] style in [[Persian language]] as well as by including more widespread [[Turkic language]] as a literary and the [[official language]].<ref name="A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance" /> |
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==See also== |
== See also == |
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*[[Turko-Persian tradition]] |
* [[Turko-Persian tradition]] |
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*[[Timurid relations with Europe]] |
* [[Timurid relations with Europe]] |
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*[[Timeline of Samarkand]] |
* [[Timeline of Samarkand]] |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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Revision as of 06:53, 4 December 2018
Timurid Renaissance was a historical phenomenon of the rise of arts and sciences in the Timurid Empire that occurred during the reign of Timurid dynasty in the period between the late 14th and early 16th centuries.[1] The use of term of renaissance for the description of this period has raised reservations among scholars and some of them see it as a swan song of Timurid culture.[1][2] It was flourishing at the same historical epoch when Europe experienced Renaissance movement. Timurid Renaissance reached its peak in the 15th century after the end of period of Mongol invasions and conquests. One of the symbols of the Timurid Renaissance is the rebuilding of the Samarkand by Timur. Samarkand, important Islamic center for scholarly study, was destroyed by Genghis Khan during the Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia. Timur reign experienced revived interest in the classical Persian art. Large-scale building projects have been undertaken (mausoleums, madrasas, and kitabhane-medieval Islamic book workshops), mathematics and astronomy got more attention, and at the beginning of the 16th century mastering firearms was achieved. Major commissions from the Timur's lifetime were the Timur's Summer Palace in Shahrisabz, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, as well as reconstruction of the city of Samarkand itself.[3] The city of Herat became important center of intellectual and artistic life in the Islamic world during this time.[3] The fact that Samarkand and Herat were able to become the centers of Timurid Renaissance and Persian culture at that time in general is due to the destruction of Persian cities by previous wars.[4] Timurid Renaissance differed from the previous cultural and artistic developments during the Buyid dynasty in fact that it was not direct revival of classical models but it rather broaden the cultural appeal by including more colloquial style in Persian language as well as by including more widespread Turkic language as a literary and the official language.[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b Subtelny, Maria Eva (November 1988). "Socioeconomic Bases of Cultural Patronage under the Later Timurids". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 20 (4): 479–505. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ a b "A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance, Guido Ruggiero". Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "The Art of the Timurid Period (ca. 1370–1507)". Archived from the original on 25 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Timurids". Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)