Noel Besi River: Difference between revisions
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{{geobox |
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{{Expand German|Noel Besi|date=March 2012}} |
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| 1 = River |
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<!-- *** Mallhuvud *** --> |
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| name = Noel Besi Rever |
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| native_name = |
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| other_name = Noil Besi, Noe Besi |
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| category = River |
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| etymology = |
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| nickname = Upstream: Oelvab; upper downstream: Rio Kusi; lower downstream: Rio Besi |
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<!--*** Bild *** --> |
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| image = |
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| image_caption = |
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<!-- *** Länder, regioner mm *** --> |
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| country = {{flag|Indonesia}} |
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| country_1 = [[Timor Leste]] |
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| country_flag = |
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| state = [[East Nusa Tenggara]] |
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| region = |
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| district = |
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| municipality = |
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<!-- *** Huvudflod, föremål i området mm *** --> |
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| parent = |
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| city = |
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| landmark = |
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<!-- *** Bifloder *** --> |
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| tributary_left = |
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| tributary_right = |
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<!-- *** Lägen, källa och mynning *** --> |
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| source = |
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| source_location = |
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| source_region = |
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| source_country = |
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| source_elevation = |
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| source_lat_d = |
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| source_lat_m = |
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| source_lat_s = |
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| source_lat_NS = |
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| source_long_d = |
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| source_long_m = |
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| source_long_s = |
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| source_long_EW = |
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| source1 = |
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| source1_location = |
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| source1_region = |
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| source1_country = Indonesia |
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| source1_elevation = 820 |
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| source1_lat_d = -9.475477 |
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| source1_lat_m = 124.241638 |
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| source1_lat_s = |
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| source1_lat_NS = |
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| source1_long_d = |
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| source1_long_m = |
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| source1_long_s = |
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| source1_long_EW = |
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| source_confluence = |
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| source_confluence_location = |
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| source_confluence_region = |
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| source_confluence_country = |
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| source_confluence_elevation = |
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| source_confluence_lat_d = |
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| source_confluence_lat_m = |
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| source_confluence_lat_s = |
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| source_confluence_lat_NS = |
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| source_confluence_long_d = |
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| source_confluence_long_m = |
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| source_confluence_long_s = |
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| source_confluence_long_EW = |
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| mouth = [[Sawu Sea]] |
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| mouth_location = North of Oehoso<ref name="gis">{{Webarchive | url=http://websig.civil.ist.utl.pt/timorgis/dist_maps/oecussi.pdf | wayback=20070630141417 | text=Timor-Leste GIS-Portal}}</ref> |
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| mouth_region = |
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| mouth_country = Indonesia; Timor Leste |
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| mouth_elevation = 5 |
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| mouth_lat_d = -9.325957 |
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| mouth_lat_m = 124.079386 |
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| mouth_lat_s = |
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| mouth_lat_NS = |
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| mouth_long_d = |
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| mouth_long_m = |
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| mouth_long_s = |
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| mouth_long_EW = |
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<!-- *** Dimensioner och avrinningsområde *** --> |
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| length = |
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| width = |
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| depth = |
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| volume = |
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| watershed = |
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| watershed_decimals = |
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<!-- *** Flöde *** --> |
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| discharge = |
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| discharge_max = |
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| discharge_min = |
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<!-- *** Fria fält *** --> |
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| free = |
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| free_type = |
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<!-- *** Kartor *** --> |
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| map = <!--{{Kartposition Östtimor|reliefkarta_om_den_finns}} |
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| map_caption = Läge i Östtimor |
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| map_locator = Östtimor--> |
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| map_locator_x = |
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| map_locator_y = |
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<!-- *** Fotnoter *** --> |
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| footnotes = |
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| other_name1 = |
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| other_name2 = River Besi |
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| lat_d = -9.32545 |
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| long_d = 124.07945 |
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| state_type = Province |
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| elevation = |
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| timezone_label = Asia/Dilli |
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| utc_offset = +9 |
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| timezone = [[Time in Indonesia|IEST]] |
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| geonames = 1648939 |
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}} |
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'''Noel Besi River''' is a river flowing in the [[West Timor|west part]] of [[Timor]] island and forms part of the border between the [[East Timor]] exclave of [[Oecussi]] and [[Indonesia]]n [[West Timor]].<ref name="lonely">{{Cite book |last=Tony Wheeler, Xanana Gusmao, Kristy Sword-Gusmao |title=East Timor |series=Lonely Planet |Auflage=1. |publisher=Footscray |place=Oakland |year=2004 |month=November |day=01 |pages=152 |isbn=978-1740596442 |language=en }}</ref> It flows north into the [[Sawu Sea]]. Located 1900 km east of the Indonesian capital, [[Jakarta]].<ref>[http://www.geonames.org/1648939/noe%20besi.html Noe Besi] at Geonames.org (cc-by); Last updated 2012-01-17; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27</ref> |
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== Hydrologiy == |
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The river rises in the mountains of [[West Timor]] as Oelvab. It is formed from several tributaries, the longest and southernmost rises to about 820 m in height. After the merging of the tributaries, the river winds north through the mountains. Below the ''Kali Aplal'' the Oelvab continues to flow towards the northeast, where after a few kilometers it merges with two other rivers.<Ref name = "earth" /> |
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As soon as it reaches the East Timorese [[Sucos of East Timor|Suco]] Malelat, it forms the border between Indonesia and East Timor.<ref name = "gis" /> |
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From Suco Malelat, the river now called Rio Kusi flows in [[northwest]] direction along the border of the Sucos Banafi and Lela-Ufe, before reaching the Suco Usi-Taco. The river bends sharply to [[southwest]] and flows along the border of Suco Beneufe. Just south of the village Lamasi it bends again to the northwest. The river now widens, forming river islands and tributaries. Just south of the village Naktuka the river splits. While the left arm, forming several lakes, flows further northwest to [[Sawu Sea]], the right arm bends to the northeast. Both arms are crossed by the northern coastal road, with two bridges over the right arm. This arm flows between Oehoso and Manan on the right side and Naktuka on the left, forming more river islands and several tributaries, and also flows into the Sawu Sea a little later<ref name = "gis" /> |
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== Geography == |
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The river flows in the northwest part of [[Timor]] with predominantly [[tropical savanna climate]] (designated as ''Aw'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).<ref name = "koppen">{{Cite journal | title = Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html| year = 2007| journal = Hydrology and Earth System Sciences| volume = 11| <!--sid = 1633-1644-->| date =<!-- 01/30/2016-->| doi = 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007| first1 =M C| first2 = B L| first3 = T A| last1 = Peel| last2 = Finlayson| last3 =McMahon}}</ref> The annual average temperature in the area is 24°C. The warmest month is [[October]], when the average temperature is around 28°C, and the coldest is [[February]], at 22°C.<ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title = NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|date =30 January 2016 | publisher = NASA}}</ref> The average annual rainfall is 1621 mm. The wettest month is [[January]], with an average of 331 mm rainfall, and the driest is [[August]], with 7 mm rainfall.<ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title = NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)| date =30 January 2016 |publisher = NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}</ref> |
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{{Climate_chart |
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| Noel Besi River |
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| 21| 25| 331 |
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| 21| 24| 305 |
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| 21| 24| 238 |
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| 21| 26| 106 |
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| 21| 26| 116 |
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| 20| 26| 78 |
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| 20| 28| 26 |
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| 20| 30| 7 |
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| 21| 33| 8 |
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| 22| 33| 28 |
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| 22| 30| 102 |
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| 22| 26| 276 |
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|source = <ref name = "nasa"/> |
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}} |
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== Border == |
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[[File:Oecusse cities rivers.png|jmpl|ka|Map of Oecusse-Ambeno, with the "Noel Besi-Citrana border" on the left side.]] |
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Noel Besi river forms the "Noel Besi-Citrana border" area between [[Kupang Regency]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]], Indonesia, and [[Ambeno Regency]] which belong to the [[East Timor]]. This area is watered Noel Besi river which discharges into Ombai Strait. In the periode of Portuguese colonization, the river flows on the east side of the disputed area, but due to the natural climate change, the river shifted to the right side of the disputed area, which now becomes a fertile agricultural heritage land with the current Noel Besi river.<ref name=perundingan>[https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3842703/ri-timor-leste-targetkan-perundingan-batas-darat-rampung-tahun-ini RI-Timor Leste Targetkan Perundingan Batas Darat Rampung Tahun Ini] - Seysha Desnikia, detikNews, 31 Januari 2018</ref> |
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Small village Naktuka is in the eastern part of administrative village Netemnanu, District of Amfoang, Kupang Regency, and located exactly on the border between Indonesia and East Timor. Now the area of 1,069 hectare has a "free zone" status, cannot be entered by population of both country, although historically, Naktuka belongs to Indonesia, according to the agreement between Portugal and the Netherlands in 1904.<ref name=tribunsengketanaktuka/> In 2017, 63 families from East Timor occupied Naktuka, with immigration office, church, electric network and meeting place of the Oecusse people.<ref name=tribunsengketanaktuka/> |
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Originally the border between Amfoang and East Timor is Noel Besi river, but now the East Timor people has crossed the border up to 3 km until the stream of Nonomna.<ref name=tribunsengketanaktuka/> One meter from the stream is the Indonesian army outpost. This stream is claimed by East Timor as the border between Indonesia and East Timor.<ref name=tribunsengketanaktuka/> Indonesia wants Noel Besi river as its area according to toponym, whereas East Timor wants Nono Nomna River based on compass azimuth.<ref>[http://www.harnas.co/2016/01/25/noel-besi-pasti-dibahas Noel Besi Pasti Dibahas], Harian Nasional, 25 Januari 2016.</ref> |
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Kalau pemerintah Indonesia tidak berhati-hati menetapkan batas wilayah, maka tak hanya Naktuka yang akan jadi milik Timor Leste, tapi Amfoang timur, utara dan Pulau Batek bisa juga beralih ke Timor Leste.<ref name=tribunsengketanaktuka>[http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2017/03/15/sengketa-naktukatokoh-adat-amfoang-kalau-pemerintah-tak-serius-kita-pakai-cara-sendiri Sengketa Naktuka,Tokoh Adat Amfoang : “Kalau Pemerintah Tak Serius, Kita Pakai Cara Sendiri”]. Tribun News, 15 Maret 2017</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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*Wheeler, T. (2004) ''East Timor.'' Footscray, VIC; Lonely Planet. |
*Wheeler, T. (2004) ''East Timor.'' Footscray, VIC; Lonely Planet. |
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Revision as of 00:39, 29 November 2018
Noel Besi River is a river flowing in the west part of Timor island and forms part of the border between the East Timor exclave of Oecussi and Indonesian West Timor.[1] It flows north into the Sawu Sea. Located 1900 km east of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta.[2]
Hydrologiy
The river rises in the mountains of West Timor as Oelvab. It is formed from several tributaries, the longest and southernmost rises to about 820 m in height. After the merging of the tributaries, the river winds north through the mountains. Below the Kali Aplal the Oelvab continues to flow towards the northeast, where after a few kilometers it merges with two other rivers.[3] As soon as it reaches the East Timorese Suco Malelat, it forms the border between Indonesia and East Timor.[4]
From Suco Malelat, the river now called Rio Kusi flows in northwest direction along the border of the Sucos Banafi and Lela-Ufe, before reaching the Suco Usi-Taco. The river bends sharply to southwest and flows along the border of Suco Beneufe. Just south of the village Lamasi it bends again to the northwest. The river now widens, forming river islands and tributaries. Just south of the village Naktuka the river splits. While the left arm, forming several lakes, flows further northwest to Sawu Sea, the right arm bends to the northeast. Both arms are crossed by the northern coastal road, with two bridges over the right arm. This arm flows between Oehoso and Manan on the right side and Naktuka on the left, forming more river islands and several tributaries, and also flows into the Sawu Sea a little later[4]
Geography
The river flows in the northwest part of Timor with predominantly tropical savanna climate (designated as Aw in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[5] The annual average temperature in the area is 24°C. The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 28°C, and the coldest is February, at 22°C.[6] The average annual rainfall is 1621 mm. The wettest month is January, with an average of 331 mm rainfall, and the driest is August, with 7 mm rainfall.[7]
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Border
Noel Besi river forms the "Noel Besi-Citrana border" area between Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, and Ambeno Regency which belong to the East Timor. This area is watered Noel Besi river which discharges into Ombai Strait. In the periode of Portuguese colonization, the river flows on the east side of the disputed area, but due to the natural climate change, the river shifted to the right side of the disputed area, which now becomes a fertile agricultural heritage land with the current Noel Besi river.[8]
Small village Naktuka is in the eastern part of administrative village Netemnanu, District of Amfoang, Kupang Regency, and located exactly on the border between Indonesia and East Timor. Now the area of 1,069 hectare has a "free zone" status, cannot be entered by population of both country, although historically, Naktuka belongs to Indonesia, according to the agreement between Portugal and the Netherlands in 1904.[9] In 2017, 63 families from East Timor occupied Naktuka, with immigration office, church, electric network and meeting place of the Oecusse people.[9]
Originally the border between Amfoang and East Timor is Noel Besi river, but now the East Timor people has crossed the border up to 3 km until the stream of Nonomna.[9] One meter from the stream is the Indonesian army outpost. This stream is claimed by East Timor as the border between Indonesia and East Timor.[9] Indonesia wants Noel Besi river as its area according to toponym, whereas East Timor wants Nono Nomna River based on compass azimuth.[10]
Kalau pemerintah Indonesia tidak berhati-hati menetapkan batas wilayah, maka tak hanya Naktuka yang akan jadi milik Timor Leste, tapi Amfoang timur, utara dan Pulau Batek bisa juga beralih ke Timor Leste.[9]
References
- ^ Tony Wheeler, Xanana Gusmao, Kristy Sword-Gusmao (2004). East Timor. Lonely Planet. Oakland: Footscray. p. 152. ISBN 978-1740596442.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|Auflage=ignored (|edition=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|day=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Noe Besi at Geonames.org (cc-by); Last updated 2012-01-17; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
earthwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
giswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016.
- ^ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016.
- ^ RI-Timor Leste Targetkan Perundingan Batas Darat Rampung Tahun Ini - Seysha Desnikia, detikNews, 31 Januari 2018
- ^ a b c d e Sengketa Naktuka,Tokoh Adat Amfoang : “Kalau Pemerintah Tak Serius, Kita Pakai Cara Sendiri”. Tribun News, 15 Maret 2017
- ^ Noel Besi Pasti Dibahas, Harian Nasional, 25 Januari 2016.
Further reading
- Wheeler, T. (2004) East Timor. Footscray, VIC; Lonely Planet.
9°19′34″S 124°04′46″E / 9.3260°S 124.0794°E
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