José Jobim: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Brazilian diplomat (1909–1979)}} |
{{short description|Brazilian diplomat (1909–1979)}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| name = José Jobim |
| name = José Jobim |
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| birth_name = |
| birth_name = |
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1909|8|2|df=y}} |
| birth_date = {{birth date|1909|8|2|df=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[São Paulo]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], Brazil |
| birth_place = [[São Paulo]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], Brazil |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1979|3|24|1909|8|2|df=y}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1979|3|24|1909|8|2|df=y}} |
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| death_place = [[Barra da Tijuca]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil |
| death_place = [[Barra da Tijuca]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil |
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| resting_place = |
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| restingplace = |
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| nationality = Brazilian |
| nationality = Brazilian |
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| religion = |
| religion = |
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| ethnicity = |
| ethnicity = |
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| residence = |
| residence = |
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| education = |
| education = |
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| occupation = Diplomat, economist |
| occupation = Diplomat, economist |
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| spouse = |
| spouse = |
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| parents = |
| parents = |
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| children = Lygia Collor Jobim |
| children = Lygia Collor Jobim |
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| relatives = |
| relatives = |
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| website = |
| website = |
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'''José Jobim''' (2 August 1909 – 24 March 1979) was a Brazilian diplomat and economist. |
'''José Jobim''' (2 August 1909 – 24 March 1979) was a Brazilian diplomat and economist. |
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==Career== |
== Career == |
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In 1944 he was Vice Consul in Washington, D.C. He was then employed by João Alberto Lins de Barros's Rubber Army company, which raised the Brazilian production of natural rubber for sale during the war. |
In 1944 he was Vice Consul in Washington, D.C. He was then employed by João Alberto Lins de Barros's Rubber Army company, which raised the Brazilian production of natural rubber for sale during the war. |
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From 4 July 1955 to 1 November 1957, he was an extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary minister in [[Helsinki]]. From 1957 to 1959 he was ambassador in [[Asunción]]. From 19 December 1959 to 26 March 1962, he was ambassador in [[Quito]]. From 18 January 1965 to 9 September 1966 he was Ambassador in [[Bogotá]]. From 16 November 1966 to 17 October 1968 he was Ambassador in [[Algiers]]. From 19 October 1968 to 20 April 1973, he was Ambassador to the Holy See.<ref>Senado Federal, Subsecretaria de Anais do Senado, 1968, p. 101</ref> |
From 4 July 1955 to 1 November 1957, he was an extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary minister in [[Helsinki]]. From 1957 to 1959 he was ambassador in [[Asunción]]. From 19 December 1959 to 26 March 1962, he was ambassador in [[Quito]]. From 18 January 1965 to 9 September 1966 he was Ambassador in [[Bogotá]]. From 16 November 1966 to 17 October 1968 he was Ambassador in [[Algiers]]. From 19 October 1968 to 20 April 1973, he was Ambassador to the Holy See.<ref>Senado Federal, Subsecretaria de Anais do Senado, 1968, p. 101</ref> |
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==Personal life== |
== Personal life == |
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José Jobim was the son of Francisco Antenor Jobim and Joaquina Pinheiro Jobim. He had an older brother, Danton, who assumed the presidency of the Brazilian newspaper ''[[Última Hora (Brazil)|Última Hora]]'', which opposed the military dictatorship in Brazil, when its creator, [[Samuel Wainer]], was exiled by the dictatorship, and in 1970 he was elected senator for the [[Brazilian Democratic Movement]], an opposition party to the regime;<ref name="Epoca">{{cite news|last1=Guimarães|first1=Hellen|title=Diplomata foi morto pela ditadura antes de denunciar corrupção no regime, confirma nova certidão|trans-title=Diplomat was killed by the dictatorship before denouncing corruption in the regime, confirms new certificate|url=https://epoca.globo.com/diplomata-foi-morto-pela-ditadura-antes-de-denunciar-corrupcao-no-regime-confirma-nova-certidao-23089585|newspaper=Época|language=pt-BR|date=21 September 2018|accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Nocaute">{{cite news|title=O Estado reconhece mais uma vítima: o embaixador José Jobim foi torturado e assassinado pelos militares|trans-title=The State recognizes another victim: Ambassador José Jobim was tortured and murdered by the military|url=https://nocaute.blog.br/2018/09/22/o-estado-reconhece-mais-uma-vitima-o-embaixador-jose-jobim-foi-torturado-e-assassinado-pelos-militares/|website=Nocaute|language=pt-BR|date=22 September 2018|accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="GGN">{{cite news|title=Exclusivo: as denúncias do diplomata Jobim, morto pela ditadura militar|trans-title=Exclusive: the complaints of diplomat Jobim, killed by the military dictatorship|url=https://jornalggn.com.br/noticia/exclusivo-as-denuncias-do-diplomata-jobim-morto-pela-ditadura-militar-0|publisher=GGN|language=pt-BR|date=22 September 2018|accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> Danton died in 1978.<ref name="Epoca"/><ref name="Nocaute"/> |
José Jobim was the son of Francisco Antenor Jobim and Joaquina Pinheiro Jobim. He had an older brother, Danton, who assumed the presidency of the Brazilian newspaper ''[[Última Hora (Brazil)|Última Hora]]'', which opposed the military dictatorship in Brazil, when its creator, [[Samuel Wainer]], was exiled by the dictatorship, and in 1970 he was elected senator for the [[Brazilian Democratic Movement]], an opposition party to the regime;<ref name="Epoca">{{cite news |last1=Guimarães |first1=Hellen |title=Diplomata foi morto pela ditadura antes de denunciar corrupção no regime, confirma nova certidão |trans-title=Diplomat was killed by the dictatorship before denouncing corruption in the regime, confirms new certificate |url=https://epoca.globo.com/diplomata-foi-morto-pela-ditadura-antes-de-denunciar-corrupcao-no-regime-confirma-nova-certidao-23089585 |newspaper=Época |language=pt-BR |date=21 September 2018 |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Nocaute">{{cite news |title=O Estado reconhece mais uma vítima: o embaixador José Jobim foi torturado e assassinado pelos militares |trans-title=The State recognizes another victim: Ambassador José Jobim was tortured and murdered by the military |url=https://nocaute.blog.br/2018/09/22/o-estado-reconhece-mais-uma-vitima-o-embaixador-jose-jobim-foi-torturado-e-assassinado-pelos-militares/ |website=Nocaute |language=pt-BR |date=22 September 2018 |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="GGN">{{cite news |title=Exclusivo: as denúncias do diplomata Jobim, morto pela ditadura militar |trans-title=Exclusive: the complaints of diplomat Jobim, killed by the military dictatorship |url=https://jornalggn.com.br/noticia/exclusivo-as-denuncias-do-diplomata-jobim-morto-pela-ditadura-militar-0 |publisher=GGN |language=pt-BR |date=22 September 2018 |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> Danton died in 1978.<ref name="Epoca" /><ref name="Nocaute" /> |
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Jobim was married to a sister of Leda Collor, mother of [[Fernando Collor de Mello]].<ref name="GGN"/> They had a daughter, Lygia Collor Jobim, also a diplomat.<ref name="Nocaute"/> |
Jobim was married to a sister of Leda Collor, mother of [[Fernando Collor de Mello]].<ref name="GGN" /> They had a daughter, Lygia Collor Jobim, also a diplomat.<ref name="Nocaute" /> |
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==Death== |
== Death == |
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On 15 March 1979, Jobim attended the inauguration of [[João Figueiredo]] as [[President of Brazil]]. During his stay, he mentioned that he was writing a memoir in which he would detail irregularities in the work of the [[Itaipu Dam]], including an overbilling of ten times the original value.<ref name="Epoca"/><ref name="Nocaute"/><ref name="GGN"/> Jobim was Brazil's ambassador to Paraguay from 1957 to 1959 at the beginning of negotiations on the creation of the dam, was sent by President [[João Goulart]] in February 1964 (just before the 1964 coup d'etat in Brazil), to a mission with Paraguayan ministers to discuss the issue, and in 1966, while he was ambassador of Brazil in Colombia, he participated in the signing of the ''Ata das Cataratas'' ("Falls Act"), the initial document of the construction of Itaipu, as a consultant.<ref name="Epoca"/><ref name="Nocaute"/><ref name="GGN"/> |
On 15 March 1979, Jobim attended the inauguration of [[João Figueiredo]] as [[President of Brazil]]. During his stay, he mentioned that he was writing a memoir in which he would detail irregularities in the work of the [[Itaipu Dam]], including an overbilling of ten times the original value.<ref name="Epoca" /><ref name="Nocaute" /><ref name="GGN" /> Jobim was Brazil's ambassador to Paraguay from 1957 to 1959 at the beginning of negotiations on the creation of the dam, was sent by President [[João Goulart]] in February 1964 (just before the 1964 coup d'etat in Brazil), to a mission with Paraguayan ministers to discuss the issue, and in 1966, while he was ambassador of Brazil in Colombia, he participated in the signing of the ''Ata das Cataratas'' ("Falls Act"), the initial document of the construction of Itaipu, as a consultant.<ref name="Epoca" /><ref name="Nocaute" /><ref name="GGN" /> |
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On 22 March, Jobim went to visit a friend and did not return. The next morning, the owner of a pharmacy in [[Barra da Tijuca]] called Jobim's family and reported that Jobim had given her a note half an hour earlier. Jobim claimed that he had been abducted in his own car and that he would be taken to "just after the Joatinga Bridge."<ref name="Epoca"/><ref name="Nocaute"/> Jobim's body was found on the morning of 24 March 24, less than a kilometer from the bridge, hung by the neck with a nylon rope by the branch of a tree. However, his feet touched the ground and his legs were bent, raising suspicion about the hypothesis of suicide that the authorities claimed.<ref name="Epoca"/><ref name="Nocaute"/><ref name="GGN"/> |
On 22 March, Jobim went to visit a friend and did not return. The next morning, the owner of a pharmacy in [[Barra da Tijuca]] called Jobim's family and reported that Jobim had given her a note half an hour earlier. Jobim claimed that he had been abducted in his own car and that he would be taken to "just after the Joatinga Bridge."<ref name="Epoca" /><ref name="Nocaute" /> Jobim's body was found on the morning of 24 March 24, less than a kilometer from the bridge, hung by the neck with a nylon rope by the branch of a tree. However, his feet touched the ground and his legs were bent, raising suspicion about the hypothesis of suicide that the authorities claimed.<ref name="Epoca" /><ref name="Nocaute" /><ref name="GGN" /> |
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On 21 September 2018, the Brazilian government issued a new death certificate for Jobim, as a result of the work of the Special Commission on the Dead and Disappeared Politicians and the National Truth Commission of Brazil, which in its final report in December 2014, recommended that the country rectify the cause of death of people who died as a result of human rights violations, including forced disappearances. The new certificate, which gives 24 March 1979 as his date of death, acknowledges that Jobim was kidnapped, tortured, and murdered, giving his cause of death as "unnatural, violent death, caused by the Brazilian State, in the context of the systematic and widespread persecution of the population identified as political opponents to the dictatorial regime from 1964 to 1985".<ref name="Epoca"/><ref name="Nocaute"/><ref name="GGN"/> |
On 21 September 2018, the Brazilian government issued a new death certificate for Jobim, as a result of the work of the Special Commission on the Dead and Disappeared Politicians and the National Truth Commission of Brazil, which in its final report in December 2014, recommended that the country rectify the cause of death of people who died as a result of human rights violations, including forced disappearances. The new certificate, which gives 24 March 1979 as his date of death, acknowledges that Jobim was kidnapped, tortured, and murdered, giving his cause of death as "unnatural, violent death, caused by the Brazilian State, in the context of the systematic and widespread persecution of the population identified as political opponents to the dictatorial regime from 1964 to 1985".<ref name="Epoca" /><ref name="Nocaute" /><ref name="GGN" /> |
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== Publications == |
== Publications == |
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Revision as of 10:19, 26 October 2018
José Jobim | |
|---|---|
| Born | 2 August 1909 |
| Died | 24 March 1979 (aged 69) Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Nationality | Brazilian |
| Occupation(s) | Diplomat, economist |
| Children | Lygia Collor Jobim |
José Jobim (2 August 1909 – 24 March 1979) was a Brazilian diplomat and economist.
Career
In 1944 he was Vice Consul in Washington, D.C. He was then employed by João Alberto Lins de Barros's Rubber Army company, which raised the Brazilian production of natural rubber for sale during the war.
From 4 July 1955 to 1 November 1957, he was an extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary minister in Helsinki. From 1957 to 1959 he was ambassador in Asunción. From 19 December 1959 to 26 March 1962, he was ambassador in Quito. From 18 January 1965 to 9 September 1966 he was Ambassador in Bogotá. From 16 November 1966 to 17 October 1968 he was Ambassador in Algiers. From 19 October 1968 to 20 April 1973, he was Ambassador to the Holy See.[1]
Personal life
José Jobim was the son of Francisco Antenor Jobim and Joaquina Pinheiro Jobim. He had an older brother, Danton, who assumed the presidency of the Brazilian newspaper Última Hora, which opposed the military dictatorship in Brazil, when its creator, Samuel Wainer, was exiled by the dictatorship, and in 1970 he was elected senator for the Brazilian Democratic Movement, an opposition party to the regime;[2][3][4] Danton died in 1978.[2][3]
Jobim was married to a sister of Leda Collor, mother of Fernando Collor de Mello.[4] They had a daughter, Lygia Collor Jobim, also a diplomat.[3]
Death
On 15 March 1979, Jobim attended the inauguration of João Figueiredo as President of Brazil. During his stay, he mentioned that he was writing a memoir in which he would detail irregularities in the work of the Itaipu Dam, including an overbilling of ten times the original value.[2][3][4] Jobim was Brazil's ambassador to Paraguay from 1957 to 1959 at the beginning of negotiations on the creation of the dam, was sent by President João Goulart in February 1964 (just before the 1964 coup d'etat in Brazil), to a mission with Paraguayan ministers to discuss the issue, and in 1966, while he was ambassador of Brazil in Colombia, he participated in the signing of the Ata das Cataratas ("Falls Act"), the initial document of the construction of Itaipu, as a consultant.[2][3][4]
On 22 March, Jobim went to visit a friend and did not return. The next morning, the owner of a pharmacy in Barra da Tijuca called Jobim's family and reported that Jobim had given her a note half an hour earlier. Jobim claimed that he had been abducted in his own car and that he would be taken to "just after the Joatinga Bridge."[2][3] Jobim's body was found on the morning of 24 March 24, less than a kilometer from the bridge, hung by the neck with a nylon rope by the branch of a tree. However, his feet touched the ground and his legs were bent, raising suspicion about the hypothesis of suicide that the authorities claimed.[2][3][4]
On 21 September 2018, the Brazilian government issued a new death certificate for Jobim, as a result of the work of the Special Commission on the Dead and Disappeared Politicians and the National Truth Commission of Brazil, which in its final report in December 2014, recommended that the country rectify the cause of death of people who died as a result of human rights violations, including forced disappearances. The new certificate, which gives 24 March 1979 as his date of death, acknowledges that Jobim was kidnapped, tortured, and murdered, giving his cause of death as "unnatural, violent death, caused by the Brazilian State, in the context of the systematic and widespread persecution of the population identified as political opponents to the dictatorial regime from 1964 to 1985".[2][3][4]
Publications
- History of Industries in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 1940.
- Brazil in the Making, Macmillan Company, New York, 1943.
References
- ^ Senado Federal, Subsecretaria de Anais do Senado, 1968, p. 101
- ^ a b c d e f g Guimarães, Hellen (21 September 2018). "Diplomata foi morto pela ditadura antes de denunciar corrupção no regime, confirma nova certidão" [Diplomat was killed by the dictatorship before denouncing corruption in the regime, confirms new certificate]. Época (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "O Estado reconhece mais uma vítima: o embaixador José Jobim foi torturado e assassinado pelos militares" [The State recognizes another victim: Ambassador José Jobim was tortured and murdered by the military]. Nocaute (in Brazilian Portuguese). 22 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f "Exclusivo: as denúncias do diplomata Jobim, morto pela ditadura militar" [Exclusive: the complaints of diplomat Jobim, killed by the military dictatorship] (in Brazilian Portuguese). GGN. 22 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
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