Tunggal panaluan: Difference between revisions
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[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Toverstaf die zowel geluk kan verzekeren rampen kan weren als ziekte dood en verderf kan veroorzaken TMnr 137-583.jpg|thumb|right|'''Tunggal panaluan''', the magic staff of the Batak people.]] |
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A '''tunggal panaluan''' is a magic staff used by [[Shamanism|shamans]] of the [[Batak (Indonesia)|Batak people]], who live in the highlands of [[North Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]. |
A '''tunggal panaluan''' is a magic staff used by [[Shamanism|shamans]] of the [[Batak (Indonesia)|Batak people]], who live in the highlands of [[North Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]. Traditionally the tunggal panaluan is made from wood of a specific tree and carved with human figures and embellished with horsehair and cooked human brain, both procured from sacrificial victims. |
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==Shape== |
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Tunggal panaluan was carved out of the wood of [[Cassia javanica]], the only tree from which the tunggal panaluan can be created.{{sfn|Sibeth|1991|p=133}} The tree occupies a central place in the ancestral myth of the Batak people, as well as the figures depicted on the tunggal panaluan.{{sfn|Sibeth|1991|p=133}} Tunggal panaluan was carved with human and animal figures arranged above each other. The human figure refer to a Batak myth that tells of incestuous twins.{{sfn|Avé|Hitchcock|Jay|2008|p=23}} Animals found depicted in the tunggal panaluan include snakes, dragons, geckos and water buffaloes. Another type of magic staff, known as the tunggal malehat, depicts a human riding either a horse or a mythical beast.{{sfn|Avé|Hitchcock|Jay|2008|p=23}} |
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==Use== |
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The tunggal panaluan was used in ceremonies to ward off disaster and illness as well as to cause them. To imbue the staff with magic, first the datu (shaman) has to create a hole in the staff in which a magical substance known as the [[pupuk]] is inserted.{{sfn|Avé|Hitchcock|Jay|2008|p=23}} Pupuk's creation involved the putrefied remain of the mutilated body of a murdered child.{{sfn|Sibeth|1991|pp=136,8}} |
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==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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==Cited works== |
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*{{cite book |last1=Avé |first1=Joop |last2=Hitchcock |first2=Michael |last3=Jay |first3=Sian E. |editor-last1=Avé |editor-first1=Joop |editor-last2=Jay |editor-first2=Sian E.|year=2008 |title=Indonesian Arts and Crafts |url= |location=Jakarta |publisher=Bab Publishing Indonesia |isbn=9789798926273 |author-link= |ref=harv}} |
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* Kuiper, F. B. J., ''Cosmogony and Conception: A Query'', History of Religions, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Nov., 1970), 91-138. |
* Kuiper, F. B. J., ''Cosmogony and Conception: A Query'', History of Religions, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Nov., 1970), 91-138. |
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*{{cite book |last=Sibeth |first=A. |year=1991 |title=The Batak: Peoples of the Island of Sumatra (living with ancestors) |url= |location=New York |publisher=Thames and Hudson |isbn= |author-link= |ref=harv}} |
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* Winkler, J., ''Die Toba-Batak auf Sumatra in gesunden und kranken Tagen'', American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec., 1930), 682-687. |
* Winkler, J., ''Die Toba-Batak auf Sumatra in gesunden und kranken Tagen'', American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec., 1930), 682-687. |
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{{refend}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tunggal Panaluan}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tunggal Panaluan}} |
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[[Category:Sumatra]] |
[[Category:Sumatra]] |
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[[Category:Batak]] |
[[Category:Batak]] |
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[[Category:Magic]] |
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{{Indonesia-stub}} |
{{Indonesia-stub}} |
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Revision as of 20:35, 10 June 2018
A tunggal panaluan is a magic staff used by shamans of the Batak people, who live in the highlands of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Traditionally the tunggal panaluan is made from wood of a specific tree and carved with human figures and embellished with horsehair and cooked human brain, both procured from sacrificial victims.
Shape
Tunggal panaluan was carved out of the wood of Cassia javanica, the only tree from which the tunggal panaluan can be created.[1] The tree occupies a central place in the ancestral myth of the Batak people, as well as the figures depicted on the tunggal panaluan.[1] Tunggal panaluan was carved with human and animal figures arranged above each other. The human figure refer to a Batak myth that tells of incestuous twins.[2] Animals found depicted in the tunggal panaluan include snakes, dragons, geckos and water buffaloes. Another type of magic staff, known as the tunggal malehat, depicts a human riding either a horse or a mythical beast.[2]
Use
The tunggal panaluan was used in ceremonies to ward off disaster and illness as well as to cause them. To imbue the staff with magic, first the datu (shaman) has to create a hole in the staff in which a magical substance known as the pupuk is inserted.[2] Pupuk's creation involved the putrefied remain of the mutilated body of a murdered child.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b Sibeth 1991, p. 133.
- ^ a b c Avé, Hitchcock & Jay 2008, p. 23.
- ^ Sibeth 1991, pp. 136, 8.
Cited works
- Avé, Joop; Hitchcock, Michael; Jay, Sian E. (2008). Avé, Joop; Jay, Sian E. (eds.). Indonesian Arts and Crafts. Jakarta: Bab Publishing Indonesia. ISBN 9789798926273.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Kuiper, F. B. J., Cosmogony and Conception: A Query, History of Religions, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Nov., 1970), 91-138.
- Sibeth, A. (1991). The Batak: Peoples of the Island of Sumatra (living with ancestors). New York: Thames and Hudson.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Winkler, J., Die Toba-Batak auf Sumatra in gesunden und kranken Tagen, American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec., 1930), 682-687.
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