Barbatus of Benevento: Difference between revisions
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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He was born in the village of Vandano, near [[Cerreto Sannita]], then part of the [[Duchy of Benevento]], toward the end of the papacy of [[Gregory the Great]]. At that time, Benevento had recently (in 590) been captured by [[Arianism|Arian]] [[Lombards]] from the [[Trinitarianism|Trinitarian]] [[Byzantine Empire|Romans]]. |
He was born in the village of Vandano, near [[Cerreto Sannita]], then part of the [[Duchy of Benevento]], toward the end of the papacy of [[Gregory the Great]].<ref name=Butler>[http://www.ewtn.com/library/mary/barbatus.htm Butler, Alban. ''The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints'', vol. II, D. & J. Sadlier, & Company, 1864]{{PD-notice}}</ref> At that time, Benevento had recently (in 590) been captured by [[Arianism|Arian]] [[Lombards]] from the [[Trinitarianism|Trinitarian]] [[Byzantine Empire|Romans]]. |
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According to |
According to the ninth century ''vitae'', he received a Christian education, and spent a good deal of time studying the [[Christian]] [[scriptures]]. He took [[holy orders]] as soon as allowed to do so, and was immediately employed by the local bishop as a preacher, a task for which he had considerable talent. Shortly thereafter, he was made the [[curate]] of St. Basil's Church in nearby [[Morcone]],<ref name=Butler/> where his preaching was not wells received by indifferent parishioners only nominally Christian. He continued his calls for reform but was eventually obliged to return to Benevento, where he was welcomed back by those who remembered him from earlier.<ref>[https://www.thecompassnews.org/2012/02/making-a-chalice-from-a-gold-snake/ Staley, Tony. "Making a chalice from a gold snake", ''The Compass'', Diocese of Green Bay, Wisconsin, 17 February 2012]</ref> |
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At the time, the people of Benevento still entertained some idolatrous superstitions, including veneration of a golden viper and a local walnut tree. The local Lombard prince, [[Romuald I of Benevento|Romuald I]] son of the Arian Lombard King [[Grimoald I of Benevento|Grimoald I]], was himself involved in these activities. Barbatus regularly preached against them only to be ignored.<ref name=Butler/> Later, he warned the people of the city of the great trials they would soon suffer at the hands of the [[List of Byzantine Emperors|East Roman Emperor]] [[Constans II (Byzantine Empire)|Constans II]] and his army, who shortly thereafter landed in the area and laid siege to Benevento. The people, in their fear, renounced the practices Barbatus had criticized. He then cut down the tree the locals had worshipped, and melted the viper into a [[Chalice (cup)|chalice]] for use in the church. |
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| ⚫ | Barbatus himself was responsible for a practical form of resistance to Constans. In 1903 the foundations of the Temple of [[Isis]] were discovered close to the [[Arch of Trajan (Benevento)|Arch of Trajan]] in Benevento, and many fragments of fine sculptures in both the Egyptian and the [[Greco-Roman]] style belonging to it were found. They had apparently been used as the foundation of a portion of the [[city wall]], reconstructed in 663 under the fear of an attack by Constans, the temple having been destroyed by order of Barbatus to provide the necessary material.<ref>Meomartini, A., Marucchi, O., and Savignoni, L. ''Notizie degli Scavi'', 1904, 107 sqq.</ref> |
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Later, he told the people of the city the great trials they would soon suffer at the hands of the [[List of Byzantine Emperors|East Roman Emperor]] [[Constans II (Byzantine Empire)|Constans II]] and his army, who shortly thereafter landed in the area and laid siege to Benevento. The people, in their fear, renounced the practices Barbatus had criticized. He then cut down the tree the locals had worshipped, and melted the viper into a [[Chalice (cup)|chalice]] for use in the church. As Barbatus had foretold, the siege ended with the defeat of Constans. |
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The presiding bishop of Benevento, [[Hildebrand]], died during the siege, which ended as Barbatus had foretold, with the defeat of Constans. After the withdrawal of the invaders, Barbatus was made bishop on March 10, 633 and continued his efforts to eliminate superstition. In 673 Duke Romuald placed the [[Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo|grotto of St. Michael]] at Gargano under the care of Barbatus.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=meDQAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT122&dq=Barbatus+of+Benevento&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjeyqrbkOvaAhVvs1kKHZcwAY84FBDoAQgoMAA#v=onepage&q=Barbatus%20of%20Benevento&f=false Arnold, John Charles. ''The Footprints of Michael the Archangel: The Formation and Diffusion of a Saintly Cult, c. 300-c. 800'', Springer, 2013, {{ISBN|9781137316554}}]</ref> |
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In 680, he assisted in a council held by [[Pope Agatho]], and took part in the sixth [[General council (Christianity)|general council]] held in [[Constantinople]] in 681 regarding the [[Monothelites]]. He died shortly after the end of the council, on 19 February 682,<ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-barbatus/ "Barbatus”. ''New Catholic Dictionary''. CatholicSaints.Info. 18 August 2012]</ref> at about seventy years of age. |
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| ⚫ | The [[Roman Martyrology]] lists Barbatus as one of the chief [[patrons]] of the city of Benevento. The relics of St. Barbato Montevergine rest partly in the [[Cathedral of Benevento]], where they were pinned{{clarify|date=January 2018}} by Cardinal Orsini in the year 1687.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} |
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On 19 February 682, s. Barbato died, under Pope St. Leo II (682-683). |
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It is now remembered and celebrated on February 19 and is also the patron of Benevento, [[Cicciano]], [[Castelvenere]], [[Casalattico]] and [[Valle dell'Angelo]]. On this day, to Castelvenere, his hometown, there is the traditional "Day of Thunder", a competition between three pyrotechnic disabled firemen. |
It is now remembered and celebrated on February 19 and is also the patron of Benevento, [[Cicciano]], [[Castelvenere]], [[Casalattico]] and [[Valle dell'Angelo]]. On this day, to Castelvenere, his hometown, there is the traditional "Day of Thunder", a competition between three pyrotechnic disabled firemen. |
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Revision as of 04:05, 4 May 2018
 | This article may be unbalanced toward certain viewpoints. (March 2017) |
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Saint Barbatus of Benevento | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 610 Cerreto Sannita, Italy |
| Died | 682 |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Major shrine | The Duomo of Benevento, where his relics have been preserved beneath the main altar since 1687 |
| Feast | February 19 |
| Attributes | Crozier |
| Patronage | Benevento |
Saint Barbatus of Benevento (Template:Lang-it) (c. 610 – February 29, 682), also known as Barbas, was a bishop of Benevento from 663 to 682. He succeeded Hildebrand in this capacity. He assisted in a church council called by Pope Agatho in Rome in 680 and in 681 attended the Third Council of Constantinople against the Monothelites.
Biography
He was born in the village of Vandano, near Cerreto Sannita, then part of the Duchy of Benevento, toward the end of the papacy of Gregory the Great.[1] At that time, Benevento had recently (in 590) been captured by Arian Lombards from the Trinitarian Romans.
According to the ninth century vitae, he received a Christian education, and spent a good deal of time studying the Christian scriptures. He took holy orders as soon as allowed to do so, and was immediately employed by the local bishop as a preacher, a task for which he had considerable talent. Shortly thereafter, he was made the curate of St. Basil's Church in nearby Morcone,[1] where his preaching was not wells received by indifferent parishioners only nominally Christian. He continued his calls for reform but was eventually obliged to return to Benevento, where he was welcomed back by those who remembered him from earlier.[2]
At the time, the people of Benevento still entertained some idolatrous superstitions, including veneration of a golden viper and a local walnut tree. The local Lombard prince, Romuald I son of the Arian Lombard King Grimoald I, was himself involved in these activities. Barbatus regularly preached against them only to be ignored.[1] Later, he warned the people of the city of the great trials they would soon suffer at the hands of the East Roman Emperor Constans II and his army, who shortly thereafter landed in the area and laid siege to Benevento. The people, in their fear, renounced the practices Barbatus had criticized. He then cut down the tree the locals had worshipped, and melted the viper into a chalice for use in the church.
Barbatus himself was responsible for a practical form of resistance to Constans. In 1903 the foundations of the Temple of Isis were discovered close to the Arch of Trajan in Benevento, and many fragments of fine sculptures in both the Egyptian and the Greco-Roman style belonging to it were found. They had apparently been used as the foundation of a portion of the city wall, reconstructed in 663 under the fear of an attack by Constans, the temple having been destroyed by order of Barbatus to provide the necessary material.[3]
The presiding bishop of Benevento, Hildebrand, died during the siege, which ended as Barbatus had foretold, with the defeat of Constans. After the withdrawal of the invaders, Barbatus was made bishop on March 10, 633 and continued his efforts to eliminate superstition. In 673 Duke Romuald placed the grotto of St. Michael at Gargano under the care of Barbatus.[4]
In 680, he assisted in a council held by Pope Agatho, and took part in the sixth general council held in Constantinople in 681 regarding the Monothelites. He died shortly after the end of the council, on 19 February 682,[5] at about seventy years of age.
The Roman Martyrology lists Barbatus as one of the chief patrons of the city of Benevento. The relics of St. Barbato Montevergine rest partly in the Cathedral of Benevento, where they were pinned[clarification needed] by Cardinal Orsini in the year 1687.[citation needed]
It is now remembered and celebrated on February 19 and is also the patron of Benevento, Cicciano, Castelvenere, Casalattico and Valle dell'Angelo. On this day, to Castelvenere, his hometown, there is the traditional "Day of Thunder", a competition between three pyrotechnic disabled firemen.
With s. Barbato the cult of the "Madonna della Libera" began to spread in different countries of Sannio, remaining, for example, glued to Montecalvo Irpino, in Pietrelcina and Mojano. The image of his statue is venerated at the site of today, in a chapel on the ground floor of the palace in Ferrara, where, until a few years ago s'erigeva the humble and ancient chapel dedicated to the Lord in Lombard to honor Madonna.
References
- ^ a b c Butler, Alban. The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints, vol. II, D. & J. Sadlier, & Company, 1864
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Staley, Tony. "Making a chalice from a gold snake", The Compass, Diocese of Green Bay, Wisconsin, 17 February 2012
- ^ Meomartini, A., Marucchi, O., and Savignoni, L. Notizie degli Scavi, 1904, 107 sqq.
- ^ Arnold, John Charles. The Footprints of Michael the Archangel: The Formation and Diffusion of a Saintly Cult, c. 300-c. 800, Springer, 2013, ISBN 9781137316554
- ^ "Barbatus”. New Catholic Dictionary. CatholicSaints.Info. 18 August 2012
See also
External links
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