Pastor: Difference between revisions
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{{quote|The parish priest is the proper clergyman in charge of the congregation of the parish entrusted to him. He exercises the pastoral care of the community entrusted to him under the authority of the [[diocesan bishop]], whose ministry of Christ he is called to share, so that for this community he may carry out the offices of teaching, sanctifying and ruling with the cooperation of other priests or deacons and with the assistance of lay members of Christ's faithful, in accordance with the law.<ref>[http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1T.HTM Code of Canon Law, canon 519]</ref>}} |
{{quote|The parish priest is the proper clergyman in charge of the congregation of the parish entrusted to him. He exercises the pastoral care of the community entrusted to him under the authority of the [[diocesan bishop]], whose ministry of Christ he is called to share, so that for this community he may carry out the offices of teaching, sanctifying and ruling with the cooperation of other priests or deacons and with the assistance of lay members of Christ's faithful, in accordance with the law.<ref>[http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1T.HTM Code of Canon Law, canon 519]</ref>}} |
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=== Lutheranism === |
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[[File:Strängnäs Cathedral interior.jpg|thumb|A Lutheran priest of the [[Church of Sweden]] prepares for the celebration of [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] in [[Strängnäs Cathedral]].]] |
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[[File:Bielsko-Biała Arthur Schmidt 001.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Pastor Dr. Arthur Schmidt (1866-1923), pastor in [[Bielsko-Biała]] (1894-1923)]] |
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In some [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] churches (such as the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]]), ordained presbyters are called [[priest]]s, while in others, such as the [[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]], the term pastor is used more frequently.<ref name="Doe2011">{{cite book|last=Doe|first=Norman|title=Law and Religion in Europe|accessdate=25 March 2018|date=4 August 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=English|isbn=9780199604012|page=135|quote=In Finland, a priest of the Lutheran church is forbidden to reveal a secret received in confession and in the course of pastoral counselling; a similar rule applies to Orthodox priests.}}</ref> |
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=== Anglicanism === |
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| ⚫ | The use of the term ''pastor'' to refer to the common [[Protestant]] title of modern times dates to the days of [[John Calvin]] and [[Huldrych Zwingli]]. Both men, and other [[Protestant Reformation|Reformers]], seem to have revived the term to replace the Catholic [[priest]] in the minds of their followers. The pastor was considered to have a role separate from the board of [[presbyter]]s. |
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Ordained presbyters are called priests in the [[Church of England]], as in all other ecclesiastical provinces of the [[Anglican Communion]].<ref name="StaffStaff2001">{{cite book|title=An Anglican-Methodist Covenant: Common Statement of the Formal Conversations Between the Methodist Church of Great Britain and the Church of England|accessdate=25 March 2018|year=2001|publisher=Church House Publishing|language=English |isbn=9781858522180|page=47|quote=In the Church of England, the term priest is thought 1 D jL appropriate because those ordained to the presby terate are related to the priesthood of Christ and to the priesthood of the whole Church in a particular way.}}</ref> |
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=== Methodism === |
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The term pastor is sometimes used for [[missionaries]] in [[developed countries]] to avoid offending those people in industrialized countries who may think that missionaries go only to less developed countries.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}} In some [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] churches, ordained clergy are called [[priest]]s, while in others the term pastor is preferred.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} Ordained clergy are called priests in the Episcopal Church, as in all other branches of the [[Anglican Communion]]. |
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{{Main|Elder (Methodist)}} |
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| ⚫ | [[United Methodist Church|United Methodists]] ordain to the office of deacon and elder, each of whom can use the title of pastor depending. United Methodists also use the title of pastor for non-ordained clergy who are licensed and appointed to serve a congregation as their pastor or associate pastor, often referred to as [[License to Preach (Methodist)|licensed local pastors]]. These pastors may be lay people, seminary students, or seminary graduates in the ordination process, and cannot exercise any functions of clergy outside the [[Charge (pastoral)|charge]] where they are appointed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bomlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Ministry-of-flyer_Local-Pastor_FNL.pdf|title=Ministry of Local Pastors|date=|website=Higher Education and Ministry|publisher=General Board of Higher Education and Ministry, the United Methodist Church|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|last1=United Methodist Church|first1=General Board of Higher Education and Ministry|accessdate=3 January 2016}}</ref> |
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=== Reformed === |
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| ⚫ | The use of the term ''pastor'' to refer to the common [[Protestant]] title of modern times dates to the days of [[John Calvin]] and [[Huldrych Zwingli]]. Both men, and other [[Protestant Reformation|Reformers]], seem to have revived the term to replace the Roman Catholic [[priest]] in the minds of their followers. The pastor was considered to have a role separate from the board of [[presbyter]]s. |
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=== Restorationist === |
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Some groups today view the ''pastor'', ''bishop'', and ''elder'' as synonymous terms or offices; many who do are descended from the [[Restoration Movement]] in America during the 19th century, such as the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)|Disciples of Christ]] and the [[Church of Christ|Churches of Christ]]. |
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==Other religions== |
==Other religions== |
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Revision as of 06:02, 25 March 2018
A pastor (UK: /ˈpɑːstə/; US: /ˈpæstər/) is an ordained leader of a Christian congregation. A pastor also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation.
It is derived from the Latin word, pascere, meaning fed or grazed.[1] When used as an ecclesiastical styling or title, the term may be abbreviated to "Pr" or "Ptr" (singular) or "Ps" (plural).
History
The word "pastor" derives from the Latin noun [pastor] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) which means "shepherd" and relates to the Latin verb [pascere] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) – "to lead to pasture, set to grazing, cause to eat".[2] The term "pastor" also relates to the role of elder within the New Testament, but is not synonymous with the biblical understanding of minister. Many Protestant churches call their ministers "pastors".
Present-day usage of the word is rooted in the Biblical metaphor of shepherding. The Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) uses the Hebrew word רעה (raʿah), which is used as a noun as in "shepherd," and as a verb as in "to tend a flock."[3] It occurs 173 times in 144 Old Testament verses and relates to the literal feeding of sheep, as in Genesis 29:7. In Jeremiah 23:4, both meanings are used (ra'ah is used for "shepherds" and "shall feed"), "And I will set up shepherds over them which shall feed them: and they shall fear no more, nor be dismayed, neither shall they be lacking, saith the LORD." (KJV).
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English-language translations of the New Testament usually render the Greek noun ποιμήν (poimēn) as "shepherd" and the Greek verb ποιμαίνω (poimainō) as "feed". The two words occur a total of 29 times in the New Testament, most frequently referring to Jesus. For example, Jesus called himself the "Good Shepherd" in John 10:11. The same words in the familiar Christmas story (Luke 2) refer to literal shepherds.
In five New Testament passages though, the words relate to members of the church:
- John 21:16 - Jesus told Peter: "Feed My sheep"
- Acts 20:17 - the Apostle Paul summons the elders of the church in Ephesus to give a last discourse to them; in Acts 20:28, he tells them that the Holy Spirit has made them overseers, and they are to feed the church of God.
- 1 Corinthians 9:7 - Paul says, of himself and the apostles: "who feedeth a flock, and eateth not of the milk of the flock?"
- Ephesians 4:11 - Paul wrote "And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;"
- 1st Peter 5:1-2 - Peter tells the elders among his readers that they are to, "Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof"
Bishops of various denominations often bear a formal crosier in the form of a stylised shepherd's crook as a symbol of their pastoral/shepherding functions.
Historical usage
Around 400 AD, Saint Augustine, a prominent African Catholic bishop, described a pastor's job:
Disturbers are to be rebuked, the low-spirited to be encouraged, the infirm to be supported, objectors confuted, the treacherous guarded against, the unskilled taught, the lazy aroused, the contentious restrained, the haughty repressed, litigants pacified, the poor relieved, the oppressed liberated, the good approved, the evil borne with, and all are to be loved.[4]
Current usage
Catholicism
In the United States, the term pastor is used by Catholics for what in other English-speaking countries is called a parish priest. The Latin term used in the Code of Canon Law is parochus.
The parish priest is the proper clergyman in charge of the congregation of the parish entrusted to him. He exercises the pastoral care of the community entrusted to him under the authority of the diocesan bishop, whose ministry of Christ he is called to share, so that for this community he may carry out the offices of teaching, sanctifying and ruling with the cooperation of other priests or deacons and with the assistance of lay members of Christ's faithful, in accordance with the law.[5]
Lutheranism
In some Lutheran churches (such as the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland), ordained presbyters are called priests, while in others, such as the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, the term pastor is used more frequently.[6]
Anglicanism
Ordained presbyters are called priests in the Church of England, as in all other ecclesiastical provinces of the Anglican Communion.[7]
Methodism
United Methodists ordain to the office of deacon and elder, each of whom can use the title of pastor depending. United Methodists also use the title of pastor for non-ordained clergy who are licensed and appointed to serve a congregation as their pastor or associate pastor, often referred to as licensed local pastors. These pastors may be lay people, seminary students, or seminary graduates in the ordination process, and cannot exercise any functions of clergy outside the charge where they are appointed.[8]
Reformed
The use of the term pastor to refer to the common Protestant title of modern times dates to the days of John Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli. Both men, and other Reformers, seem to have revived the term to replace the Roman Catholic priest in the minds of their followers. The pastor was considered to have a role separate from the board of presbyters.
Restorationist
Some groups today view the pastor, bishop, and elder as synonymous terms or offices; many who do are descended from the Restoration Movement in America during the 19th century, such as the Disciples of Christ and the Churches of Christ.
Other religions
Other religions have started to use the term like "Buddhist pastor".[9][10]
See also
Notes
- ^ https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pastor
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved 2013-11-15.
- ^ "Strong's H7462". Blue Letter Bible. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
- ^ Sermon CCIX, cited in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Practical Theology, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, John Wiley & Sons, Dec 27, 2011, p.271
- ^ Code of Canon Law, canon 519
- ^ Doe, Norman (4 August 2011). Law and Religion in Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 9780199604012.
In Finland, a priest of the Lutheran church is forbidden to reveal a secret received in confession and in the course of pastoral counselling; a similar rule applies to Orthodox priests.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ An Anglican-Methodist Covenant: Common Statement of the Formal Conversations Between the Methodist Church of Great Britain and the Church of England. Church House Publishing. 2001. p. 47. ISBN 9781858522180.
In the Church of England, the term priest is thought 1 D jL appropriate because those ordained to the presby terate are related to the priesthood of Christ and to the priesthood of the whole Church in a particular way.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ United Methodist Church, General Board of Higher Education and Ministry. "Ministry of Local Pastors" (PDF). Higher Education and Ministry. General Board of Higher Education and Ministry, the United Methodist Church. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ http://www.tsemrinpoche.com/tsem-tulku-rinpoche/inspiration-worthy-words/buddhist-pastors-around-the-world.html
- ^ http://www.davidlai.me/2014/04/27/i-am-a-pastor-now-a-buddhist-one/
References
- Bercot, David W. (1999). Will The Real Heretics Please Stand Up. Scroll Publishing. ISBN 0-924722-00-2.
- Dowly, Tim (ed.) (1977). The History of Christianity. Lion Publishing. ISBN 0-7459-1625-2.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help)
External links
- NewAdvent.org, The Catholic Encyclopedia's entry on the term pastor.
- LifeWay.com, Articles to help the pastor in the roles of preacher, missionary, leader, shepherd, and person.
