Duchy of Tskhumi: Difference between revisions
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:2014 Suchum, Pozostałości zamku Bagrata (02).jpg|thumb|Ruins of [[Bagrat's Castle]].|left]] |
[[File:2014 Suchum, Pozostałości zamku Bagrata (02).jpg|thumb|Ruins of [[Bagrat's Castle]].|left]] |
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Duchy of Tskhumi was probablly formed as a separated feudal entinity during the reign of [[Leon II of Abkhazia]] on the lands of ancient [[Apsilae|Apsiles]]. forming one of the eight duchies of [[Kingdom of Abkhazia]], it comprised territories above [[Lazica |
Duchy of Tskhumi was probablly formed as a separated feudal entinity during the reign of [[Leon II of Abkhazia|Leon II]] on the lands of ancient [[Apsilae|Apsiles]]. forming one of the eight duchies of [[Kingdom of Abkhazia]], it comprised territories above [[Lazica]] up to [[Anacopia Fortress|Anacopia]] and [[Alania]].<ref>[[Vakhushti Bagrationi]], ''The History of Egrisi, Abkhazeti or Imereti'', part 1.</ref> [[Bagrat's Castle|Bagrat's castle]] served as the seat of the [[Eristavi]] of Tskhumi. |
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In 12th century, king [[David IV of Georgia|David the Builder]] appointed the son of [[shah]] [[Shirvan]] Otago as a vicegerent of Abkhazia, who later became the founder of [[House of Shervashidze]]. The city of Tskhumi became the summer residence of the [[List of monarchs of Georgia#Kings of unified Georgia (1008%E2%80%931490)|Georgian kings]]. According to Russian scholar V. Sizov, it became an important “cultural and administrative center of the [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgian]] state.<ref name="Giorgi Sharvashidze">[https://iberiana.wordpress.com/afxazeti/unfalsified-history/ "ABKHAZIA – UNFALSIFIED HISTORY" Giorgi Sharvashidze.]</ref> The historian [[Yuri Voronov]] also conjectured that castle might have hosted the queen-regnant [[Tamar of Georgia]] during her stays in Abkhazia in the early 13th century. During this period the |
In 12th century, king [[David IV of Georgia|David the Builder]] appointed the son of [[shah]] [[Shirvan]] Otago as a vicegerent of Abkhazia, who later became the founder of [[House of Shervashidze]]. The city of Tskhumi became the summer residence of the [[List of monarchs of Georgia#Kings of unified Georgia (1008%E2%80%931490)|Georgian kings]]. According to Russian scholar V. Sizov, it became an important “cultural and administrative center of the [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgian]] state.<ref name="Giorgi Sharvashidze">[https://iberiana.wordpress.com/afxazeti/unfalsified-history/ "ABKHAZIA – UNFALSIFIED HISTORY" Giorgi Sharvashidze.]</ref> The historian [[Yuri Voronov]] also conjectured that castle might have hosted the queen-regnant [[Tamar of Georgia]] during her stays in Abkhazia in the early 13th century. During this period the Eristavi of Tskhum was Otago Shervashidze.<ref>A History Of Georgia. Tbilisi: Artanuji Publ., 2014.</ref> |
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In the 1240s, [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] divided Georgia into eight military-administrative sectors (dumans), the territory of contemporary Abkhazia formed part of the duman administered by [[Tsotne Dadiani]].<ref name="Giorgi Sharvashidze"/> [[Vakhushti of Kartli|Vakhushti]] notes that Duchy started to decline in 14th century after consolidation of power in western Georgia by dukes of [[Odishi]]. during the civil war between the successors of King [[David VI of Georgia|David Narin]] — [[Constantine I of Imereti|Constantine]] and [[Michael of Imereti|Michael]], Duke of Odishi, [[Giorgi I Dadiani]], subjugated much of the duchy of Tskhumi and expanded his possessions up to Anacopia. while the Shervashidze entrenched in [[Principality of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]], from that time on Georgian monrchs were recognizing Tskhumi as a feudal domains of [[House of Dadiani]]. Tskhumi served as capital of the Odishi-Megrelian rulers, it was in this city that [[Vameq I Dadiani|Vamek I]] (1384-1396), the most influential of the Dadianis, minted his coins. Documents of the 15th century clearly distinguished Tskhumi from [[Principality of Abkhazia]].<ref>[http://www.amsi.ge/istoria/div/m.lordkiPaniZe_abkh.html "THE ABKHAZIANS AND ABKHAZIA" Mariam Lordkipanidze.]</ref> |
In the 1240s, [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] divided Georgia into eight military-administrative sectors (dumans), the territory of contemporary Abkhazia formed part of the duman administered by [[Tsotne Dadiani]].<ref name="Giorgi Sharvashidze"/> [[Vakhushti of Kartli|Vakhushti]] notes that Duchy started to decline in 14th century after consolidation of power in western Georgia by dukes of [[Odishi]]. during the civil war between the successors of [[Kingdom of Imereti|Imeretian]] King [[David VI of Georgia|David Narin]] — [[Constantine I of Imereti|Constantine]] and [[Michael of Imereti|Michael]], Duke of Odishi, [[Giorgi I Dadiani]], subjugated much of the duchy of Tskhumi and expanded his possessions up to Anacopia. while the Shervashidze entrenched in [[Principality of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]], from that time on Georgian monrchs were recognizing Tskhumi as a feudal domains of [[House of Dadiani]]. |
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In the 12th–13th centuries, Tskhumi became a center of traffic with the European maritime powers. The [[Republic of Genoa]] established their short-lived trading factory at Tskhumi early in the 14th century. Tskhumi served as capital of the Odishi-Megrelian rulers, it was in this city that [[Vameq I Dadiani|Vamek I]] (1384-1396), the most influential of the Dadianis, minted his coins. Documents of the 15th century clearly distinguished Tskhumi from [[Principality of Abkhazia]].<ref>[http://www.amsi.ge/istoria/div/m.lordkiPaniZe_abkh.html "THE ABKHAZIANS AND ABKHAZIA" Mariam Lordkipanidze.]</ref> The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] navy occupied the town in 1451, but for a short time. Later contested between the princes of [[Principality of Abkhazia|Abkhazia]] and [[Principality of Mingrelia|Mingrelia]], Tskhumi finally fell to the Turks in the 1570s. |
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== Rulers == |
== Rulers == |
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Revision as of 16:33, 9 February 2018
| Duchy of Tskhumi ცხუმის სამთავრო | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Principality of the Kingdom of Georgia | |||||||||
| 8th–14th century | |||||||||
 Administrative division of the medieval Kingdom of Georgia in 13th century.. | |||||||||
| Capital | Tskhumi | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Established | 8th century | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 14th century | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  Georgia | ||||||||
The Duchy of Tskhumi (Georgian: ცხუმის სამთავრო) was a duchy (saeristavo) in a mediaeval Georgia. Ruled by a House of Shervashidze, the duchy existed from 8th to 14th century, in the north-western part of Georgia and comprised lands around modern Sukhumi, Abkhazia.
History
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Duchy of Tskhumi was probablly formed as a separated feudal entinity during the reign of Leon II on the lands of ancient Apsiles. forming one of the eight duchies of Kingdom of Abkhazia, it comprised territories above Lazica up to Anacopia and Alania.[1] Bagrat's castle served as the seat of the Eristavi of Tskhumi.
In 12th century, king David the Builder appointed the son of shah Shirvan Otago as a vicegerent of Abkhazia, who later became the founder of House of Shervashidze. The city of Tskhumi became the summer residence of the Georgian kings. According to Russian scholar V. Sizov, it became an important “cultural and administrative center of the Georgian state.[2] The historian Yuri Voronov also conjectured that castle might have hosted the queen-regnant Tamar of Georgia during her stays in Abkhazia in the early 13th century. During this period the Eristavi of Tskhum was Otago Shervashidze.[3]
In the 1240s, Mongols divided Georgia into eight military-administrative sectors (dumans), the territory of contemporary Abkhazia formed part of the duman administered by Tsotne Dadiani.[2] Vakhushti notes that Duchy started to decline in 14th century after consolidation of power in western Georgia by dukes of Odishi. during the civil war between the successors of Imeretian King David Narin — Constantine and Michael, Duke of Odishi, Giorgi I Dadiani, subjugated much of the duchy of Tskhumi and expanded his possessions up to Anacopia. while the Shervashidze entrenched in Abkhazia, from that time on Georgian monrchs were recognizing Tskhumi as a feudal domains of House of Dadiani.
In the 12th–13th centuries, Tskhumi became a center of traffic with the European maritime powers. The Republic of Genoa established their short-lived trading factory at Tskhumi early in the 14th century. Tskhumi served as capital of the Odishi-Megrelian rulers, it was in this city that Vamek I (1384-1396), the most influential of the Dadianis, minted his coins. Documents of the 15th century clearly distinguished Tskhumi from Principality of Abkhazia.[4] The Ottoman navy occupied the town in 1451, but for a short time. Later contested between the princes of Abkhazia and Mingrelia, Tskhumi finally fell to the Turks in the 1570s.
Rulers
- Otago (1180-?)[5]
See also
References
- ^ Vakhushti Bagrationi, The History of Egrisi, Abkhazeti or Imereti, part 1.
- ^ a b "ABKHAZIA – UNFALSIFIED HISTORY" Giorgi Sharvashidze.
- ^ A History Of Georgia. Tbilisi: Artanuji Publ., 2014.
- ^ "THE ABKHAZIANS AND ABKHAZIA" Mariam Lordkipanidze.
- ^ "Histories and Praises of Crowned Monarchs" 1959: 33-34
