Monywa: Difference between revisions
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Monywa and neighboring parts of the 'Dry Valley' are the only places in South East Asia where you find the [[Semi-arid climate|Hot Semi-arid/steppe climate(BSh)]].<ref>http://www.meteotemplate.com/template/plugins/climateClassification/koppen.php</ref> <ref>https://en.climate-data.org/country/151/</ref> The city barely misses the [[Tropical savanna climate|Tropical savanna/Wet and dry climate(Aw)]] classification due to the very high temperatures(high evaporation levels) and a long dry season. This has to do with the 'Dry valley' being located in the rain shadow of the [[Arakan Mountains]]. Temperatures are very high throughout the year, although the winter months (December–February) are significantly milder(around 21°C in January). The early monsoon months from April to July are especially hot, with average high temperatures reaching {{convert|38.4|°C|°F}} in April. |
Monywa and neighboring parts of the 'Dry Valley' are the only places in South East Asia where you find the [[Semi-arid climate|Hot Semi-arid/steppe climate(BSh)]].<ref>http://www.meteotemplate.com/template/plugins/climateClassification/koppen.php</ref> <ref>https://en.climate-data.org/country/151/</ref> The city barely misses the [[Tropical savanna climate|Tropical savanna/Wet and dry climate(Aw)]] classification due to the very high temperatures(high evaporation levels) and a long dry season. This has to do with the 'Dry valley' being located in the rain shadow of the [[Arakan Mountains]]. Temperatures are very high throughout the year, although the winter months (December–February) are significantly milder(around 21°C in January). The early monsoon months from April to July are especially hot, with average high temperatures reaching {{convert|38.4|°C|°F}} in April. |
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Monywa received {{convert|139|mm|in}}<!--5.47 inches (139 mm) --> of rainfall on 19 Oct 2011. This was a new record for rainfall within 24 hours in October in Monywa for the last 47 years. The previous record was {{convert|135|mm|in}}<!-- 5.31 inches (135 mm) --> on 24 Oct 1967.<ref>http://www.mrtv3.net.mm/newpaper/2110newsm.pdf Page 19 Col 2</ref> |
Monywa received {{convert|139|mm|in}}<!--5.47 inches (139 mm) --> of rainfall on 19 Oct 2011. This was a new record for rainfall within 24 hours in October in Monywa for the last 47 years. The previous record was {{convert|135|mm|in}}<!-- 5.31 inches (135 mm) --> on 24 Oct 1967.<ref>http://www.mrtv3.net.mm/newpaper/2110newsm.pdf{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Page 19 Col 2</ref> |
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==Transport== |
==Transport== |
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[[Image:R Chindwin.JPG|thumb|left|River Chindwin at Monywa]] |
[[Image:R Chindwin.JPG|thumb|left|River Chindwin at Monywa]] |
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Monywa is served by the Mandalay-[[Budalin]] branch [[railway]] line, but is best reached by [[bus]] as the [[road]] from Mandalay is in reasonably good shape. Monywa is linked by road to Budalin, [[Dabayin]], [[Ye-U]] and [[Kin-U]], and by rail to [[Sagaing]] and the Mandalay - [[Myitkyina]] line.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.myanmargeneva.org/02nlm/n021202.htm#Senior_General_Than_Shwe_urges_officials |title=Sr Gen Than Shwe urges officials to collectively strive for turning Sagaing Division into granary of Upper Myanmar Assistance assured to upgrade Monywa-Budalin-Dabayin-YeU-KhinU Road |publisher=''[[The New Light of Myanmar]]'', December 3, 2002 |accessdate=2008-10-12}}</ref> River transport on the Chindwin has always been important as it is navigable for {{convert|640|km|mi|abbr=on}} to [[Hkamti District|Hkamti]] during the [[monsoon]] season, and most of the year to [[Homalin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/112284/Chindwin-River |title=Chindwin River |publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' online |accessdate=2008-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/CHA_CHR/CHINDWIN.html |title=CHINDWIN |publisher=''Online Encyclopaedia'' |accessdate=2008-10-12}}</ref> |
Monywa is served by the Mandalay-[[Budalin]] branch [[railway]] line, but is best reached by [[bus]] as the [[road]] from Mandalay is in reasonably good shape. Monywa is linked by road to Budalin, [[Dabayin]], [[Ye-U]] and [[Kin-U]], and by rail to [[Sagaing]] and the Mandalay - [[Myitkyina]] line.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.myanmargeneva.org/02nlm/n021202.htm#Senior_General_Than_Shwe_urges_officials |title=Sr Gen Than Shwe urges officials to collectively strive for turning Sagaing Division into granary of Upper Myanmar Assistance assured to upgrade Monywa-Budalin-Dabayin-YeU-KhinU Road |publisher=''[[The New Light of Myanmar]]'', December 3, 2002 |accessdate=2008-10-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228214721/http://www.myanmargeneva.org/02nlm/n021202.htm#Senior_General_Than_Shwe_urges_officials |archivedate=2009-02-28 |df= }}</ref> River transport on the Chindwin has always been important as it is navigable for {{convert|640|km|mi|abbr=on}} to [[Hkamti District|Hkamti]] during the [[monsoon]] season, and most of the year to [[Homalin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/112284/Chindwin-River |title=Chindwin River |publisher=''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' online |accessdate=2008-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/CHA_CHR/CHINDWIN.html |title=CHINDWIN |publisher=''Online Encyclopaedia'' |accessdate=2008-10-12}}</ref> |
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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[[Image:Monywa-thanboddhay-d13.jpg|thumb|left|Thanboddhay Pagoda]] |
[[Image:Monywa-thanboddhay-d13.jpg|thumb|left|Thanboddhay Pagoda]] |
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[[Image:Monywa-d04.jpg|thumb|left|Market]] |
[[Image:Monywa-d04.jpg|thumb|left|Market]] |
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Monywa is a major centre for [[trade]] and [[commerce]] and for [[agriculture|agricultural]] [[produce]] from the surrounding Chindwin valley, especially [[beans]], [[Orange (fruit)|orange]], [[pulses]] and [[jaggery]] ([[palm sugar]]). In addition, the local [[industry]] includes [[mill (factory)|mill]]s for the production of [[cotton]], [[flour]], [[noodles]], and [[edible oil]]s. [[Sausages]] from Alon called ''wet udaunk'' are quite popular, and Budalin [[longyi]] (sarong) is known for the strength of the fabric and its checked patterns. Monywa's rough cotton [[blanket]]s are famous throughout Myanmar (with Monywa providing 80% of the country's blankets for a century),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mmtimes.com/2011/news/567/news56701.html|title=In Monywa, ‘market economy’ leaves some businesses behind|last=Sandar Lwin |
Monywa is a major centre for [[trade]] and [[commerce]] and for [[agriculture|agricultural]] [[produce]] from the surrounding Chindwin valley, especially [[beans]], [[Orange (fruit)|orange]], [[pulses]] and [[jaggery]] ([[palm sugar]]). In addition, the local [[industry]] includes [[mill (factory)|mill]]s for the production of [[cotton]], [[flour]], [[noodles]], and [[edible oil]]s. [[Sausages]] from Alon called ''wet udaunk'' are quite popular, and Budalin [[longyi]] (sarong) is known for the strength of the fabric and its checked patterns. Monywa's rough cotton [[blanket]]s are famous throughout Myanmar (with Monywa providing 80% of the country's blankets for a century),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mmtimes.com/2011/news/567/news56701.html|title=In Monywa, ‘market economy’ leaves some businesses behind|last=Sandar Lwin|date=21 March 2011|work=Myanmar Times|accessdate=23 August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916201502/http://mmtimes.com/2011/news/567/news56701.html|archivedate=16 September 2011|df=}}</ref> and some can even be found sewn up into [[knapsack]]s sold to unsuspecting tourists in [[Bangkok]]. Other regional crafts include [[bamboo]] and [[Phragmites|reed]] products, [[Cattle|bullock]] carts and [[tools|agricultural implements]]. The village of Kyaukka is well known for its [[lacquerware]] utensils for everyday use. |
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[[Black market]] goods from [[India]], especially [[sari]]s and [[bicycle]] parts, pass through Monywa on their way to other parts of Myanmar. |
[[Black market]] goods from [[India]], especially [[sari]]s and [[bicycle]] parts, pass through Monywa on their way to other parts of Myanmar. |
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#[[Monywa Education College]] |
#[[Monywa Education College]] |
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#[[Monywa Institute of Economics]] |
#[[Monywa Institute of Economics]] |
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#[[Technological University, Monywa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.most.gov.mm/monywatu|title=Ministry of Science and Technology|publisher=''MOST'', February 2009|accessdate=2009-04-14}}</ref> and |
#[[Technological University, Monywa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.most.gov.mm/monywatu|title=Ministry of Science and Technology|publisher=''MOST'', February 2009|accessdate=2009-04-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225081841/http://www.most.gov.mm/monywatu/|archivedate=2009-02-25|df=}}</ref> and |
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#[[Computer University, Monywa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucsy.edu.mm/monywacu|title=Ministry of Science and Technology|publisher=''MOST'', February 2009|accessdate=2009-04-14}}</ref> |
#[[Computer University, Monywa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucsy.edu.mm/monywacu|title=Ministry of Science and Technology|publisher=''MOST'', February 2009|accessdate=2009-04-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719005224/http://www.ucsy.edu.mm/monywacu/|archivedate=2011-07-19|df=}}</ref> |
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==Health care== |
==Health care== |
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*[http://www.monywa.org/ City of Monywa] |
*[http://www.monywa.org/ City of Monywa] |
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*[http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=sea;cc=sea;view=toc;subview=short;idno=sea335 Burman photograph album 1897] Old photos of Monywa |
*[http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=sea;cc=sea;view=toc;subview=short;idno=sea335 Burman photograph album 1897] Old photos of Monywa |
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*[http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes15-300/n004.htm Chindwin River - lifeblood of upper Sagaing] ''[[Myanmar Times]]'', January 16–22, 2006 |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090302093558/http://www.myanmar.com/myanmartimes/MyanmarTimes15-300/n004.htm Chindwin River - lifeblood of upper Sagaing] ''[[Myanmar Times]]'', January 16–22, 2006 |
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{{Sagaing Division}} |
{{Sagaing Division}} |
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Revision as of 06:11, 5 February 2018
Monywa
မုံရွာမြို့ | |
|---|---|
 Monywa | |
  Monywa Location in Burma | |
| Coordinates: 22°6′30″N 95°8′30″E / 22.10833°N 95.14167°E | |
| Country |  Burma |
| Region | Sagaing Region |
| District | Monywa District |
| Township | Monywa Township |
| Population (2014 Census)[1] | |
| • City | 372,095 |
| • Urban | 207,489 |
| • Rural | 164,606 |
| • Religions | Buddhism |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (MST) |
| Area code | 71[2] |
Monywa (Burmese: မုံရွာမြို့; MLCTS: muṃ rwa mrui.; pronounced [mòʊɴjwà mjo̰]) is a City in Sagaing Region, Myanmar, located 136 km north-west of Mandalay on the eastern bank of the River Chindwin.
It is also known as Neem city because most of the streets of the city are covered by very old Neem trees. It is one of the Unique Cities of the World.
Climate
Monywa and neighboring parts of the 'Dry Valley' are the only places in South East Asia where you find the Hot Semi-arid/steppe climate(BSh).[3] [4] The city barely misses the Tropical savanna/Wet and dry climate(Aw) classification due to the very high temperatures(high evaporation levels) and a long dry season. This has to do with the 'Dry valley' being located in the rain shadow of the Arakan Mountains. Temperatures are very high throughout the year, although the winter months (December–February) are significantly milder(around 21°C in January). The early monsoon months from April to July are especially hot, with average high temperatures reaching 38.4 °C (101.1 °F) in April.
Monywa received 139 millimetres (5.5 in) of rainfall on 19 Oct 2011. This was a new record for rainfall within 24 hours in October in Monywa for the last 47 years. The previous record was 135 millimetres (5.3 in) on 24 Oct 1967.[5]
| Climate data for Monywa | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.5 (97.7) |
40.6 (105.1) |
45.2 (113.4) |
45.8 (114.4) |
45.6 (114.1) |
43.3 (109.9) |
43.5 (110.3) |
43.3 (109.9) |
43.1 (109.6) |
41.2 (106.2) |
39.7 (103.5) |
36.1 (97.0) |
45.8 (114.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.9 (82.2) |
31.5 (88.7) |
35.3 (95.5) |
38.3 (100.9) |
37.3 (99.1) |
30.9 (87.6) |
34.4 (93.9) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.1 (89.8) |
29.8 (85.6) |
27.6 (81.7) |
32.7 (90.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.8 (69.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) |
5.5 (41.9) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
19.4 (66.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2 (0.1) |
2 (0.1) |
2 (0.1) |
26 (1.0) |
101 (4.0) |
106 (4.2) |
71 (2.8) |
131 (5.2) |
162 (6.4) |
134 (5.3) |
42 (1.7) |
6 (0.2) |
785 (31.1) |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990) [6] | |||||||||||||
Transport
Monywa is served by the Mandalay-Budalin branch railway line, but is best reached by bus as the road from Mandalay is in reasonably good shape. Monywa is linked by road to Budalin, Dabayin, Ye-U and Kin-U, and by rail to Sagaing and the Mandalay - Myitkyina line.[7] River transport on the Chindwin has always been important as it is navigable for 640 km (400 mi) to Hkamti during the monsoon season, and most of the year to Homalin.[8][9]
Economy
Monywa is a major centre for trade and commerce and for agricultural produce from the surrounding Chindwin valley, especially beans, orange, pulses and jaggery (palm sugar). In addition, the local industry includes mills for the production of cotton, flour, noodles, and edible oils. Sausages from Alon called wet udaunk are quite popular, and Budalin longyi (sarong) is known for the strength of the fabric and its checked patterns. Monywa's rough cotton blankets are famous throughout Myanmar (with Monywa providing 80% of the country's blankets for a century),[10] and some can even be found sewn up into knapsacks sold to unsuspecting tourists in Bangkok. Other regional crafts include bamboo and reed products, bullock carts and agricultural implements. The village of Kyaukka is well known for its lacquerware utensils for everyday use.
Black market goods from India, especially saris and bicycle parts, pass through Monywa on their way to other parts of Myanmar.
Attractions
The major tourist attraction in Monywa is Thambuddhe Pagoda , a Buddhist temple with a huge stupa resembling Indonesia's Borobudur. It dates from 1303, although it was reconstructed in 1939. It is said to contain over 500,000 images of Buddha. Close by is the Maha Bodhi Tahtaung Laykyun Sekkya standing Buddha statue, the tallest statue in the world, with 115,82 metres (at a total of 129.23 metres, including pedestal). This is the focal point of a sprawling site filled with Buddha statues, bodhi trees, and pagodas, established by the Maha Bodhi Ta Htaung Sayadaw in the 1960s. It includes also a 95-metre long reclining Buddha statue.[11]
Another attraction is the Phowintaung cave complex across the Chindwin River, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Monywa.
Very few tourists visit Monywa as its facilities are limited.
Education
The city is home to:
- Monywa University
- Monywa Education College
- Monywa Institute of Economics
- Technological University, Monywa[12] and
- Computer University, Monywa[13]
Health care
Public Hospitals
- Monywa General Hospital
- Monywa Women and Children Hospital
Politics
The insurgent Burmese Communist Party (BCP) was centred in the Monywa area (west of the Chindwin River) for many years. Although the BCP is no longer active, the Myanmar military presence in Monywa remains heavy.
Notable residents
- Thant Sin Maung
- Tun Kyi
- Kyaw Hsan
- U Lu Tin (1930-)
Gallery
-
Giant reclining Buddha at Bodhi Tahtaung -
Giant standing Buddha (under construction in the first picture) -
Shwezigon-Paya -
Aung Setkya Paya
Notes
- ^ The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2. Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. p. 52.
- ^ "Myanmar Area Codes". Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ^ http://www.meteotemplate.com/template/plugins/climateClassification/koppen.php
- ^ https://en.climate-data.org/country/151/
- ^ http://www.mrtv3.net.mm/newpaper/2110newsm.pdf[permanent dead link] Page 19 Col 2
- ^ "Monywa Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
- ^ "Sr Gen Than Shwe urges officials to collectively strive for turning Sagaing Division into granary of Upper Myanmar Assistance assured to upgrade Monywa-Budalin-Dabayin-YeU-KhinU Road". The New Light of Myanmar, December 3, 2002. Archived from the original on 2009-02-28. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Chindwin River". Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "CHINDWIN". Online Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Sandar Lwin (21 March 2011). "In Monywa, 'market economy' leaves some businesses behind". Myanmar Times. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Nev World Wonders".
- ^ "Ministry of Science and Technology". MOST, February 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Ministry of Science and Technology". MOST, February 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
External links
- City of Monywa
- Burman photograph album 1897 Old photos of Monywa
- Chindwin River - lifeblood of upper Sagaing Myanmar Times, January 16–22, 2006
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