Mithridates II of Commagene: Difference between revisions

Names
	Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites

Mithridates II
Mithridates II
	Relief of Mithridates II and his sister Laodice at the Tumulus of Karakuş, Turkey
King of Commagene
Reign	38 BC – 20 BC; (18 years)
Predecessor	Antiochus I Theos
Successor	Mithridates III
Died	20 BC; Rome, Roman Empire
Spouse	Laodice
Issue	Mithridates III of Commagene
Names
Names
	Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites
House	Orontid Dynasty
Father	King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene
Mother	Princess Isias Philostorgos of Cappadocia

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Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites (Template:Lang-el, died 20 BC), also known as Mithridates II of Commagene, was a man of Armenian^[1] and Greek descent who lived in the 1st century BC. He was a prince of Commagene and one of the sons of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene and Queen Isias Philostorgos of Commagene. When his father died in 38 BC, he succeeded his father and reigned until his death.

According to Plutarch, he was an ally of the Roman triumvir Mark Antony. He also married off his daughter to the Parthian king Orodes II.^[2] In 31 BC, Mithridates personally led his forces to Actium in Greece in support of Antony in the war against Caesar Octavian, the future Roman emperor Augustus.^[3] After the defeat of Antony, however, Mithridates became a loyal ally to Augustus. Nevertheless, Augustus forced Mithridates to hand over a village in Commagene called Zeugma, which was a major crossing point of the Euphrates River, to the Roman province of Syria. To show his support for Augustus, Mithridates dropped the title Philhellen ("friend of the Greeks") from his Aulic titulature and adopted the title Philorhomaeus ("friend of the Romans") instead. Both titles were derived from the Commagenean royal cult that Mithridates' father had founded, and in which Mithridates played an important role. His other title Monocrites is an otherwise unattested title and was most likely a judicial function within the royal administration and a sign of his high social standing.

Mithridates had a brother, Antiochus II of Commagene, who was also a prince of the kingdom.^[4]^[5] In 29 BC, Antiochus was summoned to Rome and executed by Roman emperor Augustus, because Antiochus had caused the assassination of an ambassador whom Mithridates had sent to Rome.^[4]

According to an inscription on a funerary altar of a local wealthy leading family, found in the Turkish village of Sofraz and dating to around the mid-1st century, the wife of Mithridates was a Greek woman called Laodice. The altar inscribes the names of seven generations of family members, including the names of Mithridates, of his father and of his wife. When Mithridates died in 20 BC, his son by Laodice, Mithridates III of Commagene, succeeded him.^[5]

Ancestry

Family of Mithridates II of Commagene

16. King Ptolemaeus of Commagene

8. King Sames II Theosebes Dikaios of Commagene

4. King Mithridates I Callinicus of Commagene

9. Princess Pythodoris of Pontus

2. King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene

20. King Demetrius II Nicator of the Seleucid Empire

10. King Antiochus VIII Grypus of the Seleucid Empire

21. Princess Cleopatra Thea of Egypt

5. Princess Laodice VII Thea of the Seleucid Empire

22. Ptolemy VIII Physcon of Egypt

11. Princess Tryphaena of Egypt

23. Cleopatra III of Egypt

1. Mithridates II of Commagene

6. King Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia

3. Princess Isias Philostorgos of Cappadocia

7. Athenais Philostorgos I

References

^ Chahin, Mark (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia. Routlege. pp. 190–191. ISBN 0-7007-1452-9.
^ "Commagene". cliolamuse.com (in French). Retrieved 20 April 2015.
^ Speidel, Michael Alexander (2005). "Early Roman Rule in Commagene" (PDF). citing Plutarch, Antony 61. Mavors-Institute for Ancient Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Antiochus II". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. republished at AncientLibrary.com. p. 194. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Samosata". Catholic Encyclopedia. republished at Catholicity.com. Retrieved 20 April 2015.

[chahin-1] Chahin, Mark (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia. Routlege. pp. 190–191. ISBN 0-7007-1452-9.

[Clio-2] "Commagene". cliolamuse.com (in French). Retrieved 20 April 2015.

[Speidel-3] Speidel, Michael Alexander (2005). "Early Roman Rule in Commagene" (PDF). citing Plutarch, Antony 61. Mavors-Institute for Ancient Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Smith-4] Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Antiochus II". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. republished at AncientLibrary.com. p. 194. Retrieved 20 April 2015.

[Cath-5] "Samosata". Catholic Encyclopedia. republished at Catholicity.com. Retrieved 20 April 2015.

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   | isbn = 0-7007-1452-9}}</ref> and [[Greeks|Greek]] descent who lived in the 1st century BC. He was a prince of [[Commagene]] and one of the sons of King [[Antiochus I Theos of Commagene]] and Queen [[Isias]] Philostorgos of Commagene. When his father died in 38 BC, he succeeded his father and reigned until his death.
-According to [[Plutarch]], he was an ally of the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. He also married off his daughter to the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] king [[Orodes II]].<ref name= Clio>{{cite web| url= http://www.cliolamuse.com/spip.php?rubrique65 | title= Commagene| website= cliolamuse.com | language= French| accessdate= 20 April 2015}}</ref> In 31 BC, Mithridates personally led his forces to [[Actium]] in [[Greece]] in support of Antony in the war against Caesar Octavian, the future Roman emperor [[Augustus]].<ref name=Speidel>{{cite web| url= http://www.mavors.org/PDFs/Commagene.pdf| others= citing Plutarch, Antony 61| title= Early Roman Rule in Commagene | first= Michael Alexander | last= Speidel | publisher= Mavors-Institute for Ancient Military History | year= 2005 | accessdate= 20 April 2015}}</ref> After the [[Battle of Actium|defeat]] of Antony, however, Mithridates became a loyal ally to Augustus. Nevertheless, Augustus forced Mithridates to hand over a village in Commagene called [[Zeugma, Commagene|Zeugma]], which was a major crossing point of the [[Euphrates]] River, to the Roman province of [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]]. To show his support for Augustus, Mithridates dropped the title ''[[Philhellen]]'' ("friend of the Greeks") from his [[Aulic titulature]] and adopted the title ''Philorhomaeus'' ("friend of the Romans") instead. Both titles were derived from the Commagenean royal cult that Mithridates' father had founded, and in which Mithridates played an important role. His other title ''Monocrites'' is an otherwise unattested title and was most likely a judicial function within the royal administration and a sign of his high social standing.
+According to [[Plutarch]], he was an ally of the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] triumvir [[Mark Antony]]. He also married off his daughter to the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] king [[Orodes II]].<ref name= Clio>{{cite web| url= http://www.cliolamuse.com/spip.php?rubrique65 | title= Commagene| website= cliolamuse.com | language= French| accessdate= 20 April 2015}}</ref> In 31 BC, Mithridates personally led his forces to [[Actium]] in [[Greece]] in support of Antony in the war against Caesar Octavian, the future Roman emperor [[Augustus]].<ref name=Speidel>{{cite web | url= http://www.mavors.org/PDFs/Commagene.pdf | others= citing Plutarch, Antony 61 | title= Early Roman Rule in Commagene | first= Michael Alexander | last= Speidel | publisher= Mavors-Institute for Ancient Military History | year= 2005 | accessdate= 20 April 2015 | deadurl= yes | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20151227175141/http://www.mavors.org/PDFs/Commagene.pdf | archivedate= 27 December 2015 | df=  }}</ref> After the [[Battle of Actium|defeat]] of Antony, however, Mithridates became a loyal ally to Augustus. Nevertheless, Augustus forced Mithridates to hand over a village in Commagene called [[Zeugma, Commagene|Zeugma]], which was a major crossing point of the [[Euphrates]] River, to the Roman province of [[Syria (Roman province)|Syria]]. To show his support for Augustus, Mithridates dropped the title ''[[Philhellen]]'' ("friend of the Greeks") from his [[Aulic titulature]] and adopted the title ''Philorhomaeus'' ("friend of the Romans") instead. Both titles were derived from the Commagenean royal cult that Mithridates' father had founded, and in which Mithridates played an important role. His other title ''Monocrites'' is an otherwise unattested title and was most likely a judicial function within the royal administration and a sign of his high social standing.
 Mithridates had a brother, [[Antiochus II of Commagene]], who was also a prince of the kingdom.<ref name=Smith /><ref name=Cath>{{cite web| url= http://www.catholicity.com/encyclopedia/s/samosata.html| title= Samosata | publisher= republished at Catholicity.com| work= Catholic Encyclopedia | accessdate= 20 April 2015}}</ref> In 29 BC, Antiochus was summoned to [[Rome]] and executed by Roman emperor Augustus, because Antiochus had caused the assassination of an ambassador whom Mithridates had sent to Rome.<ref name=Smith>{{cite web| url= http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0203.html| title= Antiochus II | publisher=republished at AncientLibrary.com |page= 194|editor-last= Smith| editor-first= William | work= Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities |year= 1870 | accessdate= 20 April 2015}}</ref>

v t e Hellenistic rulers
Argeads	Philip II Alexander III the Great Philip III Arrhidaeus Alexander IV
Antipatrids	Cassander Philip IV Alexander V Antipater II Antipater Etesias Sosthenes
Antigonids	Antigonus I Monophthalmus Demetrius I Poliorcetes Antigonus II Gonatas Demetrius II Aetolicus Antigonus III Doson Philip V Perseus Philip VI (pretender)
Ptolemies	Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra (regent) Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra VI Tryphaena Berenice IV Epiphanea Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XV Caesarion
Monarchs of Cyrene	Magas Berenice II Demetrius the Fair Ptolemy VIII Physcon Ptolemy Apion Cleopatra Selene II
Seleucids	Seleucus I Nicator Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II Theos Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Ceraunus Antiochus III the Great Seleucus IV Philopator Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Alexander I Balas Demetrius II Nicator Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes Alexander II Zabinas Cleopatra Thea Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Cleopatra Selene I Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus
Lysimachids	Lysimachus Ptolemy Epigonos
Attalids	Philetaerus Eumenes I Attalus I Eumenes II Attalus II Attalus III Eumenes III
Greco-Bactrians	Diodotus I Diodotus II Euthydemus I Demetrius I Euthydemus II Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Demetrius II Eucratides I Plato Eucratides II Heliocles I
Indo-Greeks	Demetrius I Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Apollodotus I Demetrius II Antimachus II Menander I Zoilos I Agathokleia Lysias Strato I Antialcidas Heliokles II Polyxenos Demetrius III Philoxenus Diomedes Amyntas Epander Theophilos Peukolaos Thraso Nicias Menander II Artemidoros Hermaeus Archebius Telephos Apollodotus II Hippostratos Dionysios Zoilos II Apollophanes Strato II Strato III
Monarchs of Bithynia	Boteiras Bas Zipoetes I Nicomedes I Zipoetes II Etazeta (regent) Ziaelas Prusias I Prusias II Nicomedes II Nicomedes III Nicomedes IV Socrates Chrestus
Monarchs of Pontus	Mithridates I Ctistes Ariobarzanes Mithridates II Mithridates III Pharnaces I Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos with Laodice Mithridates V Euergetes Mithridates VI Eupator Pharnaces II Darius Arsaces Polemon I Pythodorida Polemon II
Monarchs of Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiochus I Mithridates II Antiochus II Mithridates III Antiochus III Antiochus IV
Monarchs of Cappadocia	Ariarathes I Ariarathes II Ariamnes II Ariarathes III Ariarathes IV Ariarathes V Orophernes Ariarathes VI Ariarathes VII Ariarathes VIII Ariarathes IX Ariobarzanes I Ariobarzanes II Ariobarzanes III Ariarathes X Archelaus
Monarchs of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Paerisades I Satyros II Prytanis Eumelos Spartokos III Hygiainon (regent) Paerisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V [ru] Kamasarye Paerisades III Paerisades IV Paerisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander with Dynamis Mithridates II Asander with Dynamis Scribonius's attempted rule with Dynamis Dynamis with Polemon Polemon Aspurgus Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I
Monarchs of Epirus	Admetus Tharrhypas Alcetas I Neoptolemus I Arybbas Alexander I Aeacides Neoptolemus II Alcetas II Pyrrhus I Alexander II Olympias II (regent) Pyrrhus II Ptolemy Pyrrhus III Deidamia
Hellenistic rulers were preceded by Hellenistic satraps in most of their territories.