Potential evapotranspiration: Difference between revisions
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Somewhat modified forms of this equation appear in later publications (1955 and 1957) by Thornthwaite and Mather. |
Somewhat modified forms of this equation appear in later publications (1955 and 1957) by Thornthwaite and Mather. |
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|title = Revisiting the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance |
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|pages = 1604–1605 |
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|year = 2007 |
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|url = http://www.watershedhydrology.com/pdf/T&M%20Revisited.pdf |
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Revision as of 19:07, 22 January 2018
Potential evaporation or potential evapotranspiration (PET) is defined as the amount of evaporation that would occur if a sufficient water source were available. If the actual evapotranspiration is considered the net result of atmospheric demand for moisture from a surface and the ability of the surface to supply moisture, then PET is a measure of the demand side. Surface and air temperatures, insolation, and wind all affect this. A dryland is a place where annual potential evaporation exceeds annual precipitation.
Estimates of potential evaporation (mm)
Thornthwaite equation (1948)
Where
is the estimated potential evaporation (mm/month)
is the average daily temperature (degrees Celsius; if this is negative, use ) of the month being calculated
is the number of days in the month being calculated
is the average day length (hours) of the month being calculated
is a heat index which depends on the 12 monthly mean temperatures .[1]
Somewhat modified forms of this equation appear in later publications (1955 and 1957) by Thornthwaite and Mather. [2]
Penman equation (1948)
Penman-Monteith equation (1965)
See also
References
- ^ Thornthwaite, C. W. (1948). "An approach toward a rational classification of climate" (PDF). Geographical Review. 38 (1): 55–94. doi:10.2307/210739Template:Inconsistent citations
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Black, Peter E. (2007). "Revisiting the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance" (PDF). Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 43 (6): 1604–1605. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00132.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-01Template:Inconsistent citations
{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
- Penman, H.L. (1948). "Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass". Proc. Roy. Soc. A193 (1032). London, U.K.: 120–145. Bibcode:1948RSPSA.193..120P. doi:10.1098/rspa.1948.0037.
- Brutsaert, W.H. (1982). Evaporation into the Atmosphere: theory, history, and applications. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel. ISBN 90-277-1247-6.
- Bonan, Gordon (2002). Ecological Climatology. Cambridge, U.K.: CUP. ISBN 0-521-80476-0.
External links
- ag.arizona.edu Global map of potential evaporation.