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{{For|1934 film|Bama Vijayam (1934 film)}}
{{For|1934 film|Bama Vijayam (1934 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name = Bama Vijayam
| name = Bama Vijayam
| image = Bama-vijayam.jpg
| image = Bama-vijayam.jpg
| film name = {{film name|ta|பாமா விஜயம்}}
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Balachander]]
| director = [[K. Balachander]]
| producer = M. S. Kasi
| producer = M. S. Kasi
| writer = K. Balachander
| writer = K. Balachander
| starring = [[Sowcar Janaki]]<br />[[Rajasree]]<br/>[[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]<br />[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]<br />[[Sachu]]<br />[[R. Muthuraman]]<br />[[Nagesh (actor)|Nagesh]]<br />[[Major Sundarrajan]]<br />[[Sreekanth]]<br />[[T. S. Balaiah]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Sowcar Janaki]]<br />[[Rajasree]]<br/>[[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]<br />[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]<br />[[Sachu]]<br />[[R. Muthuraman]]<br />[[Nagesh (actor)|Nagesh]]<br />[[Major Sundarrajan]]<br />[[Sreekanth|Srikanth]]<br />[[T. S. Balaiah]]
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| cinematography = [[P. N. Sundaram]]
| cinematography = [[P. N. Sundaram]]
| editing = N. R. Kittu
| editing = N. R. Kittu
| studio = Manohar Pictures
| studio = Manohar Pictures
| distributor = Manohar Pictures
| distributor =
| released = 24 February 1967<ref>http://www.jointscene.com/movies/kollywood/Bhama_Vijayam_-_1967/5251</ref>
| released = 24 February 1967
| runtime = 152 minutes
| runtime = 179 minutes<ref name="Encyclopaedia" />
| country = India
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| language = Tamil
| budget =
}}
}}
'''''Bama Vijayam''''' ({{lang-en|''Bama's Visit''}}) is a 1967 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] [[comedy film]] directed by [[K. Balachander]]. The film features an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Rajasree]], [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]], [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]], [[Sachu]], [[R. Muthuraman]], [[Nagesh]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[Sreekanth|Srikanth]] and [[T. S. Balaiah]]. Music is by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].
'''''Bama Vijayam''''' ({{lang-en|''Bama's Visit''}}) is a 1967 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil-language]] [[comedy film]] directed by [[K. Balachander]]. The film features an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Sowcar Janaki]], [[Rajasree]], [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]], [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]], [[Sachu]], [[R. Muthuraman]], [[Nagesh]], [[Major Sundarrajan]], [[Sreekanth|Srikanth]] and [[T. S. Balaiah]]. It was simultaneously filmed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Bhale Kodalu''.


==Plot==
==Plot==
A [[middle-class]] joint family is living happily run by the responsible father Ethiraj, a retired [[headmaster]]. He has three sons&nbsp;– Maheshwaran, Raman, and Krishnan. Maheswaran is a Hindi professor, married to Parvathi and they have 5 children. Raman, a clerk in high-court is married to Sita and they have two children. Krishnan, a medical representative is married to Rukmani. Apart from them, Sumathi, the younger sister of Sita also stays in the same house, as she is pursuing higher studies in the same city. Though it’s a joint family, the father has set up his three sons in three different portions in the same house, and takes turns to eat in each of his son’s house, to avoid any possibility of problems between them. The sons give their salaries to their father, and all the financial matters are dealt by him efficiently. He is respected and feared by everyone in the family. Wrong-doers in the household are made to stand on a bench by him as [[punishment]].
A [[middle-class]] joint family is living happily run by the responsible father Ethiraj, a retired [[Head teacher|headmaster]]. He has three sons&nbsp;– Maheshwaran, Raman, and Krishnan. Maheswaran is a [[Hindi]] professor; he and his wife Parvathi have 5 children. Raman, a high-court clerk has two children with wife Sita. Krishnan, a medical representative is married to Rukmini. Sumathi, the younger sister of Sita also stays in the same house, as she is pursuing higher studies in the same city. Though it is a joint family, the father has set up his three sons in three different portions in the same house, and takes turns to eat in each of his son’s house, to avoid any possibility of problems between them. The sons give their salaries to their father, and all the financial matters are dealt by him efficiently. He is respected and feared by everyone in the family. Wrong-doers in the household are made to stand on a bench by him as punishment.


Meanwhile, a popular film actress Bama moves into the [[bungalow]] next to their house. The three daughters-in-law & the sons meet her while they’re all in the terrace, and try to make friends with her. Bama is very polite, and accepts their invitation to come to their house on 16th of that month. Now, the three ladies in the house start making fuss about the condition of their house, saying that they do not have enough facilities in their house to show to Bama that there are well-off. The husbands try to convince them but they force their husbands to agree to whatever they ask. Eventually the men give in and start buying things for their own houses. They paint the house, get stuff like [[radio]], fan, sofa, for their own portions.
Meanwhile, a popular film actress Bama moves into the [[bungalow]] next to their house. The three daughters-in-law and the sons meet her while they are all in the terrace, and try to make friends with her. Bama is very polite, and accepts their invitation to come to their house on 16th of that month. Now, the three ladies in the house start making fuss about the condition of their house, saying that they do not have enough facilities in their house to show to Bama that there are well-off. The husbands try to convince them but they force their husbands to agree to whatever they ask. Eventually the men give in and start buying things for their own houses. They paint the house, get stuff like [[radio]], fan, sofa, for their own portions.


The father tries in vain to make everyone understand that they should live for themselves within their means. They get all the things for the house&nbsp;– a few for rent, a few for installment, and also borrow money with a high interest rate. They even go to the extent of hiring a male [[servant]] to stay in the house. The ladies start arguing whose portion should Bama visit first when she comes to their house. Finally, Parvathi makes the other two ladies agree by showing a [[diamond]] necklace that she borrowed from her friend. They decide to pass the necklace through the windows so that Bama would think that everyone has diamond necklaces.
The father tries in vain to make everyone understand that they should live for themselves within their means. They get all the things for the house&nbsp;– a few for rent, a few for instalment, and also borrow money with a high interest rate. They even go to the extent of hiring a male [[servant]] to stay in the house. The ladies start arguing whose portion should Bama visit first when she comes to their house. Finally, Parvathi makes the other two ladies agree by showing a [[diamond]] necklace that she borrowed from her friend. They decide to pass the necklace through the windows so that Bama would think that everyone has diamond necklaces.


On the day of Bama’s visit, Parvathi decides to lock three of her five children inside a room, so that Bama wouldn’t know that she is old enough to have 5 kids. Sita sees this, and she decides to hide her spectacles, so that Bama wouldn't guess her age too. When Bama arrives, she goes to Sita's portion first. Sita has to go and get the diamond necklace from Parvathi. Meanwhile, Raman tells Bama about his and his brothers' jobs. When Sita comes, she lies to Bama that Raman is an [[advocate]] in high court, to which both Bama and Raman look surprised. Bama asks Sita what the time is, but Sita can't see the time in her wrist watch without the spectacles. Parvathi sees this and laughs.
On the day of Bama’s visit, Parvathi decides to lock three of her five children inside a room, so that Bama wouldn’t know that she is old enough to have 5 kids. Sita sees this, and she decides to hide her spectacles, so that Bama wouldn't guess her age too. When Bama arrives, she goes to Sita's portion first. Sita has to go and get the diamond necklace from Parvathi. Meanwhile, Raman tells Bama about his and his brothers' jobs. When Sita comes, she lies to Bama that Raman is an [[advocate]] in high court, to which both Bama and Raman look surprised. Bama asks Sita what the time is, but Sita can't see the time in her wrist watch without the spectacles. Parvathi sees this and laughs.


Later when Bama goes to Parvathi's portion, Parvathi lies that her husband is college principal. When she tells that she has only two children, Sita lets the other three kids out of the locked room. Bama thinks that the kids are [[orphan]]s, and Parvathi, who doesn't know English, agrees that the kids are orphans. Sita makes fun of this. Finally, when Bama arrives at Krishnan's part of the house, she gets a spectacular welcome with red carpet, flowers and her favourite drinks. They even take a few snaps with her.
Later when Bama goes to Parvathi's portion, Parvathi lies that her husband is college principal. When she tells that she has only two children, Sita lets the other three kids out of the locked room. Bama thinks that the kids are [[orphan]]s, and Parvathi, who does not know English, agrees that the kids are orphans. Sita makes fun of this. Finally, when Bama arrives at Krishnan's part of the house, she gets a spectacular welcome with red carpet, flowers and her favourite drinks. They even take a few snaps with her.


The ladies are amazed by Bama's simplicity like glass bangles, her politeness. Even then they don't take a cue, and try to show-off too much in front of her. Soon, they get close to Bama and keep meeting her for [[picnic]]s in her shooting spots, etc., neglecting their family. Krishnan gets an installment car for the ladies to roam, Raman gets telephone connection through' his office citing his father's "illness", which the ladies use to talk to Bama every day.
The ladies are amazed by Bama's simplicity like glass bangles, her politeness. Even then they do not take a cue, and try to show-off too much in front of her. Soon, they get close to Bama and keep meeting her for [[picnic]]s in her shooting spots, etc., neglecting their family. Krishnan gets an instalment car for the ladies to roam, Raman gets telephone connection through' his office citing his father's "illness", which the ladies use to talk to Bama every day.


After a few months of this, and financial problems, a bombshell appears in the form of an anonymous letter stating that one of the three husbands is having an affair with Bama, and this upsets their wives. Each hopes and wishes that her husband is not the culprit, but to each the evidence seems to point to him only.
After a few months of this, and financial problems, a bombshell appears in the form of an anonymous letter stating that one of the three husbands is having an affair with Bama, and this upsets their wives. Each hopes and wishes that her husband is not the culprit, but to each the evidence seems to point to him only.


After a series of humorous incidents, the false news of Maheshwaran having illegal contact with Bama is published in a newspaper, thus leading to more trouble. However, after some time, the publisher apologizes for it and decides to publish an apology and denying the rumour and it all ends well for everyone.
After a series of humorous incidents, the false news of Maheshwaran having illegal contact with Bama is published in a newspaper, thus leading to more trouble. However, after some time, the publisher apologises for it and decides to publish an apology and denying the rumour and it all ends well for everyone.


==Cast==
==Cast==
* '''[[Sowcar Janaki]]''' - Parvathi, Maheshwaran's wife
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Parvathi
* '''[[Rajasree]]''' - Bama, a film actress
* [[Rajasree]] as Bama
* '''[[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]''' - Seetha, Raman's wife
* [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as Seetha
* '''[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]''' - Rukmani, Krishna's wife
* [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as Rukmini
* '''[[Sachu]]''' - Sumathi, Seetha's sister
* [[Sachu]] as Sumathi
* '''[[R. Muthuraman]]''' - Raman, a court clerk
* [[R. Muthuraman]] as Raman
* '''[[Nagesh (actor)|Nagesh]]''' - Krishna, a medical representative
* [[Nagesh (actor)|Nagesh]] as Krishna
* '''[[Major Sundarrajan]]''' - Maheshwaran, a Hindi teacher
* [[Major Sundarrajan]] as Maheshwaran
* '''[[Sreekanth|Srikanth]]''' - Suresh, Bama's secretary
* Sreekanth as Suresh
* '''[[T. S. Balaiah]]''' - Ethiaraj, the father of the three men
* [[T. S. Balaiah]] as Ethiaraj

== Production ==
''Bama Vijayam'' was written and directed by [[K. Balachander]], and produced by M. S. Kasi under Manohar Pictures.<ref name="Anandan">{{Cite book |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1967-cinedetails31.asp |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |last=Film News Anandan |publisher=Sivagami Publishers |year=2004 |location=Chennai |language=Tamil |trans-title=Tamil film history and its achievements |author-link=Film News Anandan |archive-url=https://archive.is/U17bC |archive-date=2018}}</ref> It was simultaneously filmed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Bhale Kodalu''.<ref name="Encyclopaedia">{{Cite book |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last=Rajadhyaksha |first=Ashish |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=019-563579-5 |pages=391 |orig-year=1994}}</ref>


==Soundtrack==
==Soundtrack==
Music is composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], with lyrics by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/movie/T0001549.html</ref>
The soundtrack of the film was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]], with lyrics by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bama-vijayam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/989119662|title=Bama Vijayam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP|last=|first=|date=|website=[[iTunes]]|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=15 January 2018}}</ref>


{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="centre"
! Track !! Song !! Singer !! Duration
! Track !! Song !! Singer !! Duration
|-
|-
| 1 || Ninaithaal Sirippuvarum || [[P. Susheela]] || 04:41
| 1 || Ninaithaal Sirippuvarum || [[P. Susheela]] || 3:21
|-
|-
| 2 || Kuru Kuru Nagaienna || L. R.Eswari, [[T.M. Soundararajan]] || 05:25
| 2 || Aani Muthu || P. Susheela, Sulamangalam Rajalakshmi, [[L. R. Eswari]] || 3:03
|-
|-
| 3 || Varavu Ettana || T.M. Soundararajan, [[L. R. Eswari]], P. Susheela || 04:45
| 3 || Kuru Kuru Nagaienna || L. R.Eswari, [[T.M. Soundararajan]] || 3:01
|-
|-
| 4 || Aadai Mariya Pani || L.R. Eswari, P. Susheela || 02:56
| 4 || Aadai Mariya Pani || L.R. Eswari, P. Susheela || 2:56
|-
|-
| 5 || Aani Muthu || Susheela, Sulamangalam Rajalakshmi, L.R. Eswari || 03:03
| 5 || Varavu Ettana || T.M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari, P. Susheela || 5:35
|}
|}


==Remakes and reception==
==Remakes and reception==
''Bama Vijayam'' was simultaneously filmed in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] as ''Bhale Kodalu''. It was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Teen Bahuraniyan]]'' in 1968, with Sowcar Janaki, Kanchana and Jayanthi reprising their roles.<ref>http://upperstall.com/profile/k-balachander/</ref> The movie was remade in Kannada in 2000 as ''[[Swalpa Adjust Madkolli]]''.In an interview with ''[[The Hindu]]'', [[Crazy Mohan]] said that "no attempt at comedy could ever match ‘Bama Vijayam'".<ref>http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/balachanders-convincing-portrayal-of-characters-hailed/article2129768.ece</ref> The film was remade in Malayalam as Sreekrishnapurathee NakshatraThilakkam.
''Bama Vijayam'' was was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Teen Bahuraniyan]]'' in 1968, with Sowcar Janaki, Kanchana and Jayanthi reprising their roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://upperstall.com/profile/k-balachander/|title=K Balachander|last=Bali|first=Karan|date=9 July 2015|website=[[Upperstall.com]]|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=15 January 2018}}</ref> The film was unofficially remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Swalpa Adjust Madkolli]]'' (2000).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2028-swalpa-adjust-madkolli-movie-review.html|title=Swalpa Adjust Madkolli Movie Review|date=8 December 2000|website=Chitraloka.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=15 January 2018}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[The Hindu]]'', [[Crazy Mohan]] said that "no attempt at comedy could ever match ''Bama Vijayam''".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/balachanders-convincing-portrayal-of-characters-hailed/article2129768.ece|title=Balachander's convincing portrayal of characters hailed|date=24 June 2011|work=The Hindu|access-date=15 January 2018|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 06:50, 15 January 2018

Bama Vijayam
File:Bama-vijayam.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed byK. Balachander
Written byK. Balachander
Produced byM. S. Kasi
StarringSowcar Janaki
Rajasree
Kanchana
Jayanthi
Sachu
R. Muthuraman
Nagesh
Major Sundarrajan
Sreekanth
T. S. Balaiah
CinematographyP. N. Sundaram
Edited byN. R. Kittu
Music byM. S. Viswanathan
Production
company
Manohar Pictures
Release date
24 February 1967
Running time
179 minutes[1]
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil

Bama Vijayam ([Bama's Visit] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) is a 1967 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by K. Balachander. The film features an ensemble cast including Sowcar Janaki, Rajasree, Kanchana, Jayanthi, Sachu, R. Muthuraman, Nagesh, Major Sundarrajan, Srikanth and T. S. Balaiah. It was simultaneously filmed in Telugu as Bhale Kodalu.

Plot

A middle-class joint family is living happily run by the responsible father Ethiraj, a retired headmaster. He has three sons – Maheshwaran, Raman, and Krishnan. Maheswaran is a Hindi professor; he and his wife Parvathi have 5 children. Raman, a high-court clerk has two children with wife Sita. Krishnan, a medical representative is married to Rukmini. Sumathi, the younger sister of Sita also stays in the same house, as she is pursuing higher studies in the same city. Though it is a joint family, the father has set up his three sons in three different portions in the same house, and takes turns to eat in each of his son’s house, to avoid any possibility of problems between them. The sons give their salaries to their father, and all the financial matters are dealt by him efficiently. He is respected and feared by everyone in the family. Wrong-doers in the household are made to stand on a bench by him as punishment.

Meanwhile, a popular film actress Bama moves into the bungalow next to their house. The three daughters-in-law and the sons meet her while they are all in the terrace, and try to make friends with her. Bama is very polite, and accepts their invitation to come to their house on 16th of that month. Now, the three ladies in the house start making fuss about the condition of their house, saying that they do not have enough facilities in their house to show to Bama that there are well-off. The husbands try to convince them but they force their husbands to agree to whatever they ask. Eventually the men give in and start buying things for their own houses. They paint the house, get stuff like radio, fan, sofa, for their own portions.

The father tries in vain to make everyone understand that they should live for themselves within their means. They get all the things for the house – a few for rent, a few for instalment, and also borrow money with a high interest rate. They even go to the extent of hiring a male servant to stay in the house. The ladies start arguing whose portion should Bama visit first when she comes to their house. Finally, Parvathi makes the other two ladies agree by showing a diamond necklace that she borrowed from her friend. They decide to pass the necklace through the windows so that Bama would think that everyone has diamond necklaces.

On the day of Bama’s visit, Parvathi decides to lock three of her five children inside a room, so that Bama wouldn’t know that she is old enough to have 5 kids. Sita sees this, and she decides to hide her spectacles, so that Bama wouldn't guess her age too. When Bama arrives, she goes to Sita's portion first. Sita has to go and get the diamond necklace from Parvathi. Meanwhile, Raman tells Bama about his and his brothers' jobs. When Sita comes, she lies to Bama that Raman is an advocate in high court, to which both Bama and Raman look surprised. Bama asks Sita what the time is, but Sita can't see the time in her wrist watch without the spectacles. Parvathi sees this and laughs.

Later when Bama goes to Parvathi's portion, Parvathi lies that her husband is college principal. When she tells that she has only two children, Sita lets the other three kids out of the locked room. Bama thinks that the kids are orphans, and Parvathi, who does not know English, agrees that the kids are orphans. Sita makes fun of this. Finally, when Bama arrives at Krishnan's part of the house, she gets a spectacular welcome with red carpet, flowers and her favourite drinks. They even take a few snaps with her.

The ladies are amazed by Bama's simplicity like glass bangles, her politeness. Even then they do not take a cue, and try to show-off too much in front of her. Soon, they get close to Bama and keep meeting her for picnics in her shooting spots, etc., neglecting their family. Krishnan gets an instalment car for the ladies to roam, Raman gets telephone connection through' his office citing his father's "illness", which the ladies use to talk to Bama every day.

After a few months of this, and financial problems, a bombshell appears in the form of an anonymous letter stating that one of the three husbands is having an affair with Bama, and this upsets their wives. Each hopes and wishes that her husband is not the culprit, but to each the evidence seems to point to him only.

After a series of humorous incidents, the false news of Maheshwaran having illegal contact with Bama is published in a newspaper, thus leading to more trouble. However, after some time, the publisher apologises for it and decides to publish an apology and denying the rumour and it all ends well for everyone.

Cast

Production

Bama Vijayam was written and directed by K. Balachander, and produced by M. S. Kasi under Manohar Pictures.[2] It was simultaneously filmed in Telugu as Bhale Kodalu.[1]

Soundtrack

The soundtrack of the film was composed by M. S. Viswanathan, with lyrics by Kannadasan.[3]

Track Song Singer Duration
1 Ninaithaal Sirippuvarum P. Susheela 3:21
2 Aani Muthu P. Susheela, Sulamangalam Rajalakshmi, L. R. Eswari 3:03
3 Kuru Kuru Nagaienna L. R.Eswari, T.M. Soundararajan 3:01
4 Aadai Mariya Pani L.R. Eswari, P. Susheela 2:56
5 Varavu Ettana T.M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari, P. Susheela 5:35

Remakes and reception

Bama Vijayam was was remade in Hindi as Teen Bahuraniyan in 1968, with Sowcar Janaki, Kanchana and Jayanthi reprising their roles.[4] The film was unofficially remade in Kannada as Swalpa Adjust Madkolli (2000).[5] In an interview with The Hindu, Crazy Mohan said that "no attempt at comedy could ever match Bama Vijayam".[6]

References

  1. ^ a b Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1998) [1994]. Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema (PDF). Oxford University Press. p. 391. ISBN 019-563579-5.
  2. ^ Film News Anandan (2004). Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru [Tamil film history and its achievements] (in Tamil). Chennai: Sivagami Publishers. Archived from the original on 2018. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  3. ^ "Bama Vijayam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP". iTunes. Retrieved 15 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  4. ^ Bali, Karan (9 July 2015). "K Balachander". Upperstall.com. Retrieved 15 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  5. ^ "Swalpa Adjust Madkolli Movie Review". Chitraloka.com. 8 December 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  6. ^ "Balachander's convincing portrayal of characters hailed". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 24 June 2011. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 15 January 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

External links