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== History ==
== History ==
The blonde Mangalica was developed from older, hardy types of Hungarian pig (Bakonyi and Szalontai) crossed with the [[Central European boar|European wild boar]] and a Serbian breed (and later others like Alföldi<ref name="Mangalitza">{{cite web |title=Interessensgemeinschaft der Wollschweinzüchter Österreichs |url=http://home.tele2.at/wsnaweb/IGWOE/ |publisher=home.tele2.at|language=de}}</ref>) in [[Austro-Hungary]] (1833).<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica">{{cite web|author=Dr. Radnóczi László |title=The Hungarian Mangalica |url=http://www.agroservice.hu/mangainfo1.htm |publisher=agroservice.hu |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210223557/http://www.agroservice.hu/mangainfo1.htm |archivedate=10 February 2012 }}</ref> That year, [[Prince of Serbia]] [[Miloš Obrenović]] sent 12 pigs of the autochthonous Serbian ''Šumadinka'' breed (10 sows and two boars) to the [[Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary|Archduke Joseph]], [[Palatine of Hungary]] for the new breed to be created. Pigs, originally grown at the Prince's [[Topčider]] farm near [[Belgrade]], were used to create the Syrmian black lasa breed, or the black mangalica.<ref name=pol>{{Citation | last = | first = | author = J.Slatinac| title = Zbog mangulice u Zasavicu| newspaper = [[Politika]] | pages = | language = Serbian | date = | url = }}</ref> The development took place in Austro-Hungary (present-day [[Arad County]] in Romania) in the early 19th century.<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica" /> The new, quick-growing, "fat-type" hog did not require any special care, so became very popular in Hungary. In 1927, the National Society of Fat-Type Hog Breeders (''Mangalicatenyésztők Országos Egyesülete'') was established, with the objective of improving the breed.<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica" /> Mangalica was the most prominent swine breed in the region until 1950 (30,000 of them were in Hungary in 1943).<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica" /> Since then, the popularity, as well as the population, of Mangalica has been decreasing, with the rising availability of food from farther away and [[refrigerator|refrigeration]].<ref name="EFE">{{cite web |title=Salvan breed of pig-like Hungarian Iberian – translated article |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fmensual.prensa.com%2Fmensual%2Fcontenido%2F2008%2F02%2F03%2Fuhora%2Fvarie_2008020312503394.shtml&langpair=es%7Cen&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&prev=%2Fl |publisher=translate.google.com}}</ref> In 1991 there were less than 200 animals in Hungary. Monte Nevado, a Spanish company began the breeding and recovery of Mangalica, so they were awarded with the Middle Cross of Hungary in 2016.<ref>[http://www.qcom.es/v_portal/informacion/informacionver.asp?cod=29497&te=2849&idage=32707&vap=0 Hungría reconoce a Monte Nevado por su labor de recuperación de la raza Mangalica]</ref> Nowadays, the keeping of Mangalicas has become a popular hobby.<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica"/> Slightly over 7,000 Mangalica sows in Hungary are producing around 60,000 piglets a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20100421-megjelent-a-mangalica-angliaban-megmentett-hobbiallat-vagy-regi-magyar-fajta.html |title=Megjelent a mangalica Angliában: megmentett hobbiállat vagy régi magyar fajta |publisher=: |date=31 January 1999 |accessdate=12 June 2013}}</ref>
The blonde Mangalica was developed from older, hardy types of Hungarian pig (Bakonyi and Szalontai) crossed with the [[Central European boar|European wild boar]] and a Serbian breed (and later others like Alföldi<ref name="Mangalitza">{{cite web |title=Interessensgemeinschaft der Wollschweinzüchter Österreichs |url=http://home.tele2.at/wsnaweb/IGWOE/ |publisher=home.tele2.at |language=de |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407232647/http://home.tele2.at/wsnaweb/IGWOE/ |archivedate=7 April 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>) in [[Austro-Hungary]] (1833).<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica">{{cite web|author=Dr. Radnóczi László |title=The Hungarian Mangalica |url=http://www.agroservice.hu/mangainfo1.htm |publisher=agroservice.hu |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210223557/http://www.agroservice.hu/mangainfo1.htm |archivedate=10 February 2012 }}</ref> That year, [[Prince of Serbia]] [[Miloš Obrenović]] sent 12 pigs of the autochthonous Serbian ''Šumadinka'' breed (10 sows and two boars) to the [[Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary|Archduke Joseph]], [[Palatine of Hungary]] for the new breed to be created. Pigs, originally grown at the Prince's [[Topčider]] farm near [[Belgrade]], were used to create the Syrmian black lasa breed, or the black mangalica.<ref name=pol>{{Citation | last = | first = | author = J.Slatinac| title = Zbog mangulice u Zasavicu| newspaper = [[Politika]] | pages = | language = Serbian | date = | url = }}</ref> The development took place in Austro-Hungary (present-day [[Arad County]] in Romania) in the early 19th century.<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica" /> The new, quick-growing, "fat-type" hog did not require any special care, so became very popular in Hungary. In 1927, the National Society of Fat-Type Hog Breeders (''Mangalicatenyésztők Országos Egyesülete'') was established, with the objective of improving the breed.<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica" /> Mangalica was the most prominent swine breed in the region until 1950 (30,000 of them were in Hungary in 1943).<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica" /> Since then, the popularity, as well as the population, of Mangalica has been decreasing, with the rising availability of food from farther away and [[refrigerator|refrigeration]].<ref name="EFE">{{cite web |title=Salvan breed of pig-like Hungarian Iberian – translated article |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fmensual.prensa.com%2Fmensual%2Fcontenido%2F2008%2F02%2F03%2Fuhora%2Fvarie_2008020312503394.shtml&langpair=es%7Cen&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&prev=%2Fl |publisher=translate.google.com}}</ref> In 1991 there were less than 200 animals in Hungary. Monte Nevado, a Spanish company began the breeding and recovery of Mangalica, so they were awarded with the Middle Cross of Hungary in 2016.<ref>[http://www.qcom.es/v_portal/informacion/informacionver.asp?cod=29497&te=2849&idage=32707&vap=0 Hungría reconoce a Monte Nevado por su labor de recuperación de la raza Mangalica]</ref> Nowadays, the keeping of Mangalicas has become a popular hobby.<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica"/> Slightly over 7,000 Mangalica sows in Hungary are producing around 60,000 piglets a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20100421-megjelent-a-mangalica-angliaban-megmentett-hobbiallat-vagy-regi-magyar-fajta.html |title=Megjelent a mangalica Angliában: megmentett hobbiállat vagy régi magyar fajta |publisher=: |date=31 January 1999 |accessdate=12 June 2013}}</ref>


Apart from Hungary, the Mangalica is present in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Switzerland.{{r|slow}} In Serbia, the breed (called ''mangulica'' in [[Serbian language|Serbian]]) almost died out by the 1980s. In 1998, Mangalica was introduced in [[Zasavica (bog)|Zasavica]]. They are left to roam free in the reservation, becoming partially [[feral]] and cases of breeding with [[wild boar]]s are known. By the early 2010s, their number grew to 1,000 in Zasavica plus populations kept in the individual farms in the [[Syrmia]] and [[Mačva]] regions. As both autochthonous Serbian breeds of domesticated pig, ''Šiška'' and Mangalica's predecessor ''Šumadinka'', died out, though developed in Hungary, Mangalica is in Serbia considered as the only surviving autochthonous breed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/40794/Putovanja/Mangulica-dabar-i-lokvanji|author=Dragica Bajić |title= Mangulica, dabar i lokvanji|date=29 April 2008| publisher= [[Politika]]|page= 41|language=Serbian}}</ref> In March 2006, seventeen of the pigs were exported from Austria to the United Kingdom, where they are registered with the [[British Pig Association]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_8620000/newsid_8629800/8629871.stm |title=Rare pigs are mistaken for sheep |publisher= BBC News |date=19 April 2010}}</ref> In 2007 some were exported to the United States.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/01/dining/01pigs.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title=An Old Breed of Hungarian Pig Is Back in Favor |publisher= New York Times |date=26 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://modernfarmer.com/2014/03/meet-mangalitsa-hairy-pig-thats-kobe-beef-pork/ |title=Meet the Mangalitsa, the Hairy Pig That’s the Kobe Beef of Pork |publisher= Modern Farmer |date=14 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/is-mangalitsa-the-next-it-pig/ |title=Is Mangalitsa the next ‘it’ pig? |publisher= Seattle Times |date=8 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://online.barrons.com/articles/SB50001424052748704131804579057092449869308 |title=Gentleman Pig Farmer |publisher= Barron's |date=14 September 2013}}</ref>
Apart from Hungary, the Mangalica is present in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Switzerland.{{r|slow}} In Serbia, the breed (called ''mangulica'' in [[Serbian language|Serbian]]) almost died out by the 1980s. In 1998, Mangalica was introduced in [[Zasavica (bog)|Zasavica]]. They are left to roam free in the reservation, becoming partially [[feral]] and cases of breeding with [[wild boar]]s are known. By the early 2010s, their number grew to 1,000 in Zasavica plus populations kept in the individual farms in the [[Syrmia]] and [[Mačva]] regions. As both autochthonous Serbian breeds of domesticated pig, ''Šiška'' and Mangalica's predecessor ''Šumadinka'', died out, though developed in Hungary, Mangalica is in Serbia considered as the only surviving autochthonous breed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/40794/Putovanja/Mangulica-dabar-i-lokvanji|author=Dragica Bajić |title= Mangulica, dabar i lokvanji|date=29 April 2008| publisher= [[Politika]]|page= 41|language=Serbian}}</ref> In March 2006, seventeen of the pigs were exported from Austria to the United Kingdom, where they are registered with the [[British Pig Association]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_8620000/newsid_8629800/8629871.stm |title=Rare pigs are mistaken for sheep |publisher= BBC News |date=19 April 2010}}</ref> In 2007 some were exported to the United States.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/01/dining/01pigs.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title=An Old Breed of Hungarian Pig Is Back in Favor |publisher= New York Times |date=26 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://modernfarmer.com/2014/03/meet-mangalitsa-hairy-pig-thats-kobe-beef-pork/ |title=Meet the Mangalitsa, the Hairy Pig That’s the Kobe Beef of Pork |publisher= Modern Farmer |date=14 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/is-mangalitsa-the-next-it-pig/ |title=Is Mangalitsa the next ‘it’ pig? |publisher= Seattle Times |date=8 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://online.barrons.com/articles/SB50001424052748704131804579057092449869308 |title=Gentleman Pig Farmer |publisher= Barron's |date=14 September 2013}}</ref>
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The Mangalica produces too little lean meat, so it has been gradually replaced by modern domestic breeds. It is usually fed with a mix of wild [[pasture]], supplemented with [[potatoes]] and [[pumpkins]] produced on the farm.<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica"/>
The Mangalica produces too little lean meat, so it has been gradually replaced by modern domestic breeds. It is usually fed with a mix of wild [[pasture]], supplemented with [[potatoes]] and [[pumpkins]] produced on the farm.<ref name="The Hungarian Mangalica"/>


The primary product made from this pig is [[sausage]], usually packed in the pig's [[duodenum]]. The minced meat is seasoned with salt, [[piper (genus)|pepper]], sweet [[paprika]], and other spices. It is then eaten in slices with pickled vegetables. The [[pork]] is also served [[braised]] with [[sauerkraut]], potatoes, and stuffed peppers as a side dish. Farmers also produce smoked [[hams]].<ref name="Mangalica Sausage">{{cite web |title=The Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity |url=http://www.fondazioneslowfood.it/eng/presidi/dettaglio.lasso?cod=214 |publisher=fondazioneslowfood.it}}</ref> The fresh meat tastes strong and juicy; the suckling pigs are much preferred for their good fresh meat qualities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/ |title=Breeds of Livestock – Switzerland |publisher=ansi.okstate.edu}}</ref>
The primary product made from this pig is [[sausage]], usually packed in the pig's [[duodenum]]. The minced meat is seasoned with salt, [[piper (genus)|pepper]], sweet [[paprika]], and other spices. It is then eaten in slices with pickled vegetables. The [[pork]] is also served [[braised]] with [[sauerkraut]], potatoes, and stuffed peppers as a side dish. Farmers also produce smoked [[hams]].<ref name="Mangalica Sausage">{{cite web |title=The Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity |url=http://www.fondazioneslowfood.it/eng/presidi/dettaglio.lasso?cod=214 |publisher=fondazioneslowfood.it |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803071110/http://www.fondazioneslowfood.it/eng/presidi/dettaglio.lasso?cod=214 |archivedate=3 August 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The fresh meat tastes strong and juicy; the suckling pigs are much preferred for their good fresh meat qualities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/ |title=Breeds of Livestock – Switzerland |publisher=ansi.okstate.edu}}</ref>


In Hungary, most Mangalica pigs are raised semi-intensively or intensively.{{cn|date=March 2017}}
In Hungary, most Mangalica pigs are raised semi-intensively or intensively.{{cn|date=March 2017}}
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{{Commons category|Mangalica|Mangalitsa}}
{{Commons category|Mangalica|Mangalitsa}}
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/01/dining/01pigs.html Sanders, Michael S. "An Old Breed of Hungarian Pig Is Back in Favor," ''The New York Times'', Wednesday, April 1, 2009.]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/01/dining/01pigs.html Sanders, Michael S. "An Old Breed of Hungarian Pig Is Back in Favor," ''The New York Times'', Wednesday, April 1, 2009.]
* [http://www.curlypig.co.uk Curlypigs]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110309042159/http://www.curlypig.co.uk/ Curlypigs]
* [http://mangalitsawoolypigs.com/breeding-stock/ Breeding Stock in US]
* [http://mangalitsawoolypigs.com/breeding-stock/ Breeding Stock in US]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080623214036/http://www.agroservice.hu/mangainfo1.htm Dr. Radnóczi László "The Hungarian Mangalica"]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080623214036/http://www.agroservice.hu/mangainfo1.htm Dr. Radnóczi László "The Hungarian Mangalica"]

Revision as of 06:14, 15 January 2018

"Sheep pig" redirects here. For the novel by Dick King-Smith, see The Sheep-Pig.
Mangalica
Other names
  • Mangalitza
  • Mangalitsa
Country of originKingdom of Hungary
Traits
Weight
    • at 13–14 months: 180–200 kg
    • after fattening: 200–300 kg
    • maximum: over 500 kg[1]
Hair
  • Blonde Mangalica - yellow to yellowish-red
  • Swallow-bellied Mangalica - black
  • Red Mangalica - reddish-brown[2]
  • Pig
  • Sus domesticus
A swallow-bellied Mangalica in the gardens of the Franciscan monastery at Kadaň, Czech Republic
Piglets of Mangalica pig (about one month old) in Münsterland, Germany
The curly blonde coat of a Mangalica pig at Budapest Zoo, Hungary

The Mangalica (also Mangalitsa or Mangalitza) is a Hungarian breed of domestic pig. It was developed in the mid-19th century by crossbreeding Hungarian breeds from Szalonta and Bakony with European wild boar and the Serbian Šumadija breed.[3] The Mangalica pig grows a thick, woolly coat similar to that of a sheep. The only other pig breed noted for having a long coat is the extinct Lincolnshire Curly-coated pig of England.

History

The blonde Mangalica was developed from older, hardy types of Hungarian pig (Bakonyi and Szalontai) crossed with the European wild boar and a Serbian breed (and later others like Alföldi[4]) in Austro-Hungary (1833).[1] That year, Prince of Serbia Miloš Obrenović sent 12 pigs of the autochthonous Serbian Šumadinka breed (10 sows and two boars) to the Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary for the new breed to be created. Pigs, originally grown at the Prince's Topčider farm near Belgrade, were used to create the Syrmian black lasa breed, or the black mangalica.[5] The development took place in Austro-Hungary (present-day Arad County in Romania) in the early 19th century.[1] The new, quick-growing, "fat-type" hog did not require any special care, so became very popular in Hungary. In 1927, the National Society of Fat-Type Hog Breeders (Mangalicatenyésztők Országos Egyesülete) was established, with the objective of improving the breed.[1] Mangalica was the most prominent swine breed in the region until 1950 (30,000 of them were in Hungary in 1943).[1] Since then, the popularity, as well as the population, of Mangalica has been decreasing, with the rising availability of food from farther away and refrigeration.[6] In 1991 there were less than 200 animals in Hungary. Monte Nevado, a Spanish company began the breeding and recovery of Mangalica, so they were awarded with the Middle Cross of Hungary in 2016.[7] Nowadays, the keeping of Mangalicas has become a popular hobby.[1] Slightly over 7,000 Mangalica sows in Hungary are producing around 60,000 piglets a year.[8]

Apart from Hungary, the Mangalica is present in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Switzerland.[9] In Serbia, the breed (called mangulica in Serbian) almost died out by the 1980s. In 1998, Mangalica was introduced in Zasavica. They are left to roam free in the reservation, becoming partially feral and cases of breeding with wild boars are known. By the early 2010s, their number grew to 1,000 in Zasavica plus populations kept in the individual farms in the Syrmia and Mačva regions. As both autochthonous Serbian breeds of domesticated pig, Šiška and Mangalica's predecessor Šumadinka, died out, though developed in Hungary, Mangalica is in Serbia considered as the only surviving autochthonous breed.[10] In March 2006, seventeen of the pigs were exported from Austria to the United Kingdom, where they are registered with the British Pig Association.[11] In 2007 some were exported to the United States.[12][13][14][15]

Husbandry

Mangalica meat
Mangalica, well prepared for winter

The Mangalica produces too little lean meat, so it has been gradually replaced by modern domestic breeds. It is usually fed with a mix of wild pasture, supplemented with potatoes and pumpkins produced on the farm.[1]

The primary product made from this pig is sausage, usually packed in the pig's duodenum. The minced meat is seasoned with salt, pepper, sweet paprika, and other spices. It is then eaten in slices with pickled vegetables. The pork is also served braised with sauerkraut, potatoes, and stuffed peppers as a side dish. Farmers also produce smoked hams.[16] The fresh meat tastes strong and juicy; the suckling pigs are much preferred for their good fresh meat qualities.[17]

In Hungary, most Mangalica pigs are raised semi-intensively or intensively.[citation needed]

Killing weight (for meat production) is generally achieved beyond 12 months of age.[18]

Meat from Mangalica can be easily found in Hungary, as Hungarian farmers produce about 60,000 animals each year.[19]

Breeds

The three Mangalica breeds are: Blonde, Swallow-bellied, and Red. They all have the same behaviour; the only difference is the colour. The Blonde Mangalica is blonde, the Swallow-bellied (originally produced by crossing the Blonde Mangalica with the extinct Black Mangalica)[1] has a blonde belly and feet with a black body, and the red (produced by crossing the Blonde Mangalica with the Szalonta breed)[1] is ginger. Other breeds (Black, Wolf, and Baris) have died out as pure-bred forms, though their reconstruction from selective breeding of mixed varieties is being debated in Hungary.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dr. Radnóczi László. "The Hungarian Mangalica". agroservice.hu. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ http://www.mangalicatenyesztok.hu/tenyesztesi_program-english.html
  3. ^ Kohl, Wilhelm; Toth, Peter (2014). The Mangalitsa Pig: Royalty is Coming to America (Hardcover). United States: Book Publishing Hungary. ISBN 6155417040. Retrieved 6 July 2015 – via Amazon.
  4. ^ "Interessensgemeinschaft der Wollschweinzüchter Österreichs" (in German). home.tele2.at. Archived from the original on 7 April 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ J.Slatinac, "Zbog mangulice u Zasavicu", Politika (in Serbian)
  6. ^ "Salvan breed of pig-like Hungarian Iberian – translated article". translate.google.com.
  7. ^ Hungría reconoce a Monte Nevado por su labor de recuperación de la raza Mangalica
  8. ^ "Megjelent a mangalica Angliában: megmentett hobbiállat vagy régi magyar fajta". :. 31 January 1999. Retrieved 12 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  9. ^ Maiale Mangulica (in Italian). Fondazione Slow Food. Accessed March 2017.
  10. ^ Dragica Bajić (29 April 2008). "Mangulica, dabar i lokvanji" (in Serbian). Politika. p. 41.
  11. ^ "Rare pigs are mistaken for sheep". BBC News. 19 April 2010.
  12. ^ "An Old Breed of Hungarian Pig Is Back in Favor". New York Times. 26 March 2009.
  13. ^ "Meet the Mangalitsa, the Hairy Pig That's the Kobe Beef of Pork". Modern Farmer. 14 March 2014.
  14. ^ "Is Mangalitsa the next 'it' pig?". Seattle Times. 8 January 2011.
  15. ^ "Gentleman Pig Farmer". Barron's. 14 September 2013.
  16. ^ "The Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity". fondazioneslowfood.it. Archived from the original on 3 August 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Breeds of Livestock – Switzerland". ansi.okstate.edu.
  18. ^ Sanders, Michael S. (1 April 2009). "An Old Breed of Hungarian Pig Is Back in Favor". The New York Times.
  19. ^ "Hungarian mangalica is introduced in the U.K" (in Hungarian). origo.hu.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mangalitsa.
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