List of privatizations by country: Difference between revisions
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=== [[Egypt]] === |
=== [[Egypt]] === |
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* The Shebin spinning and weaving factory in [[Monufia Governorate|Menoufia]] in the [[Nile Delta]] was on strike against/locked out by its new non-Egyptian owners in the wake of the [[2011 Egyptian revolution|2011 revolution]]. Workers and maybe the military now in control of the state were favoring [[privatization#Reversion|re-nationalization]], according to one report. "[L] [[Economic liberalism|iberal economic policy]] is tarred with [the old regime's] corruption," said Michael Wahid Hanna, in Cairo for the U.S.-based [[Century Foundation]].<ref>Amos, Deborah, [http://www.npr.org/2011/04/20/135542498/in-egypt-revolution-moves-into-the-factories "In Egypt, Revolution Moves Into The Factories"], [[NPR]], April 20, 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> [[Indorama]], the new [[Indonesia]]n/[[Thailand|Thai]]<ref>[http://www.indorama.com/our_group/index.htm "The Indorama Group"], company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> owner of Shebin,<ref>[http://www.indorama.com/companies/indo_shebin/profile.htm "Indorama Shebin Textiles Co. S.A.E"], company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> was not quoted in the report. Looking further back to 2000, "well considered public spinners" Shebin El Kom and STIA, were then considered to have a "redundant labor problem ... [but] would otherwise be attractive privatization buying or leasing opportunities for private investors."<ref>[http://www.abtassociates.com/reports/ES-IA15.pdf "The impact of privatization and policy reforem on the cotton spinning industry in Egypt"], Prime Contractor: |
* The Shebin spinning and weaving factory in [[Monufia Governorate|Menoufia]] in the [[Nile Delta]] was on strike against/locked out by its new non-Egyptian owners in the wake of the [[2011 Egyptian revolution|2011 revolution]]. Workers and maybe the military now in control of the state were favoring [[privatization#Reversion|re-nationalization]], according to one report. "[L] [[Economic liberalism|iberal economic policy]] is tarred with [the old regime's] corruption," said Michael Wahid Hanna, in Cairo for the U.S.-based [[Century Foundation]].<ref>Amos, Deborah, [http://www.npr.org/2011/04/20/135542498/in-egypt-revolution-moves-into-the-factories "In Egypt, Revolution Moves Into The Factories"], [[NPR]], April 20, 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> [[Indorama]], the new [[Indonesia]]n/[[Thailand|Thai]]<ref>[http://www.indorama.com/our_group/index.htm "The Indorama Group"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615142404/http://www.indorama.com/our_group/index.htm |date=2012-06-15 }}, company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> owner of Shebin,<ref>[http://www.indorama.com/companies/indo_shebin/profile.htm "Indorama Shebin Textiles Co. S.A.E"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904010054/http://www.indorama.com/companies/indo_shebin/profile.htm |date=2011-09-04 }}, company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> was not quoted in the report. Looking further back to 2000, "well considered public spinners" Shebin El Kom and STIA, were then considered to have a "redundant labor problem ... [but] would otherwise be attractive privatization buying or leasing opportunities for private investors."<ref>[http://www.abtassociates.com/reports/ES-IA15.pdf "The impact of privatization and policy reforem on the cotton spinning industry in Egypt"], Prime Contractor: |
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[[Abt Associates Inc.]]; sponsored by Government of Egypt, [[Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation]] and [[United States Agency for International Development]]; November, 2000. |
[[Abt Associates Inc.]]; sponsored by Government of Egypt, [[Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation]] and [[United States Agency for International Development]]; November, 2000. |
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Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> In 2011, STIA, also known as El Nasr Wool & Selected Textiles, of [[Alexandria]], remained "one of the largest public sector textiles companies."<ref>[http://www.stiaco.com/home.htm STIA Home], company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> See also [[Privatization#Notable examples]]. |
Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> In 2011, STIA, also known as El Nasr Wool & Selected Textiles, of [[Alexandria]], remained "one of the largest public sector textiles companies."<ref>[http://www.stiaco.com/home.htm STIA Home], company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.</ref> See also [[Privatization#Notable examples]]. |
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* [[Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale|IRI]] (among which are [[Atlantia (company)|Autostrade s.p.a.]], [[Credito Italiano]]) |
* [[Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale|IRI]] (among which are [[Atlantia (company)|Autostrade s.p.a.]], [[Credito Italiano]]) |
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* [[Telecom Italia]] |
* [[Telecom Italia]] |
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* [[Terna (company)|Terna]] (Enel sold 43.5% for €1.48 billion in June 2004) <ref> |
* [[Terna (company)|Terna]] (Enel sold 43.5% for €1.48 billion in June 2004) <ref>{{cite web |url=http://investmentsmagazine.com/ManageArticle.asp?C=20&A=7578 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2004-12-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050430100132/http://investmentsmagazine.com/ManageArticle.asp?C=20&A=7578 |archivedate=2005-04-30 |df= }}</ref> |
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=== [[Japan]] === |
=== [[Japan]] === |
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==== Planned privatisations ==== |
==== Planned privatisations ==== |
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* [[Apoteket]] (partial, 2009)<ref>[http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1042&a=735532&rss=554 Regeringen överens om att sälja apotek<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
* [[Apoteket]] (partial, 2009)<ref>[http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1042&a=735532&rss=554 Regeringen överens om att sälja apotek<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214114637/http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1042&a=735532&rss=554 |date=2009-02-14 }}</ref> |
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* [[SBAB]] |
* [[SBAB]] |
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* [[Scandinavian Airlines System|SAS]] (50% owned by Swedish, Danish, Norwegian governments)<ref>[http://www.scandinavian.net/EC/Appl/Home/FrontDoor/0,3479,LNG%253Dsv%2526SO%253D3F835E583CA54419_8E54125940D43A6B%2526MKT%253DSE,00.html Scandinavian Airlines<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
* [[Scandinavian Airlines System|SAS]] (50% owned by Swedish, Danish, Norwegian governments)<ref>[http://www.scandinavian.net/EC/Appl/Home/FrontDoor/0,3479,LNG%253Dsv%2526SO%253D3F835E583CA54419_8E54125940D43A6B%2526MKT%253DSE,00.html Scandinavian Airlines<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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* [[Telia Sonera]]<ref>[http://www.privataaffarer.se/newsText.asp?src=pa&a=20780 Privata Affärer - Staten fick 18 miljarder för aktierna i Teliasonera<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> (37.3% owned by the Swedish government) |
* [[Telia Sonera]]<ref>[http://www.privataaffarer.se/newsText.asp?src=pa&a=20780 Privata Affärer - Staten fick 18 miljarder för aktierna i Teliasonera<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927152313/http://www.privataaffarer.se/newsText.asp?src=pa&a=20780 |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref> (37.3% owned by the Swedish government) |
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<ref>Munkhammar, J. "Försäljning av statliga bolag under tre decennier", Timbro, 2007, {{cite web|url=http://www.timbro.se/bokhandel/pdf/000022.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-01-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020020110/http://www.timbro.se/bokhandel/pdf/000022.pdf |archivedate=2007-10-20 |df= }}</ref> |
<ref>Munkhammar, J. "Försäljning av statliga bolag under tre decennier", Timbro, 2007, {{cite web|url=http://www.timbro.se/bokhandel/pdf/000022.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-01-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020020110/http://www.timbro.se/bokhandel/pdf/000022.pdf |archivedate=2007-10-20 |df= }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 17:11, 1 January 2018
 | This article is missing information about Error: you must specify what information is missing.. (February 2014) |
This list of privatizations provides links to notable and/or major privatizations.
 |
Privatizations by country
- Aerolíneas Argentinas - the former national carrier; renationalized in 2009
- Agua y Energía Eléctrica - national electricity-production company; partitioned and sold
- Buenos Aires Metro - given under concession but still owned by the State
- Empresa Nacional de Correos y Telégrafos (ENCoTel) - given under concession as Correo Argentino. Re-nationalized in 2003
- ENTel (national telecommunications company) - partitioned and sold to France Télécom and to Spanish Telefónica
- Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA) - sold to Lockheed Martin
- Ferrocarriles Argentinos - railway-lines all over the country (some in the process of re-nationalization under the Kirchner administration)
- Gas del Estado - national gas company partitioned and sold, among others, to the Spanish Gas Natural
- Obras Sanitarias (water company), given as a concession to the French conglomerate Suez, which operates it under the name Aguas Argentinas; re-nationalized in 2006 as Aguas y Saneamientos Argentinos (AySA)
- Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) - national oil-company sold to the Spanish Repsol. The Argentinian government in 2004 set up a new state oil company (Enarsa) from scratch, which proved of no use. In 2012, the Argentine Government expropriated 51% of the shares of YPF owned by Repsol.
- Commonwealth Oil Refineries 1952 Under Liberal
- Optus 1985 Under Labor
- Commonwealth Bank of Australia 1991 Under Labor
- Qantas 1993 Under labor
- Commonwealth Serum Laboratories 1994 Under Labor
- Electricity and natural gas supply companies in Victoria 1995 Under Liberal
- Telstra 1997 Under Liberal
- Public transport in Melbourne 1999 Under Liberal
- Sydney Airport 2002 Under Liberal
- Medibank 2014 Under Liberal
- Commonwealth Industrial Gases
- Government Cleaning Service in New South Wales
- Government Insurance Office in New South Wales
- Government Printing Service in New South Wales
- State-owned betting-agencies in most states Under Liberal and Labor
- Many long-distance and urban passenger railway services Under Liberal and Labor
- All freight railway services Under Liberal and Labor
- Most State-owned banks Under Liberal and Labor
- Bahrain Telecommunications Co. (Q1 2005, $800 million)
- Teleglobe (1987) - an international telco carrier
- Air Canada (1988)
- Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan (1989)
- Telus (1991), formerly Alberta Government Telephones
- Petro-Canada (1991)
- Nova Scotia Power (1992)
- Canadian National Railway (1995)
- Saskatchewan Wheat Pool (1996)
- Manitoba Telecom Services or MTS (1996)
- Highway 407 (1999) - leased to private operators
- Ontario Hydro (1999 - only partially privatized with Hydro One and Ontario Power Generation, a publicly owned company and crown corporation respectively
- Uranium industry in Saskatchewan
- CAP
- Chilectra
- Colbún S.A.
- CTC
- Enaex
- Empremar
- Endesa
- Entel
- Esval
- IANSA
- Lan Airlines
- Pension Funds (AFP)
- Soquimich
- Virtually everything after the Velvet Revolution in 1989; see voucher privatization for details.
- The Shebin spinning and weaving factory in Menoufia in the Nile Delta was on strike against/locked out by its new non-Egyptian owners in the wake of the 2011 revolution. Workers and maybe the military now in control of the state were favoring re-nationalization, according to one report. "[L] iberal economic policy is tarred with [the old regime's] corruption," said Michael Wahid Hanna, in Cairo for the U.S.-based Century Foundation.[1] Indorama, the new Indonesian/Thai[2] owner of Shebin,[3] was not quoted in the report. Looking further back to 2000, "well considered public spinners" Shebin El Kom and STIA, were then considered to have a "redundant labor problem ... [but] would otherwise be attractive privatization buying or leasing opportunities for private investors."[4] In 2011, STIA, also known as El Nasr Wool & Selected Textiles, of Alexandria, remained "one of the largest public sector textiles companies."[5] See also Privatization#Notable examples.
1980s
- Compagnie Générale d'Electricité became Alcatel (1987)
- Havas (1987)
- Matra (1988)
- Paribas - privatized in 1987 and merged with BNP to form BNP Paribas
- Saint-Gobain - created in 1665 by minister of Finance Jean-Baptiste Colbert; privatized in 1986
- Société Générale privatized in 1987
- Suez - privatized and merged with the stated-owned Gaz de France (GDF) in 2008 to form GDF Suez
- TF1 - first TV channel of France, privatized in 1987
1990s
- France Télécom Now Orange S.A (1998)
- Arcelor (1995)
- Assurances Générales de France (1996)
- Bull (1997)
- CNP Assurances (1998)
- Compagnie générale transatlantique (1996) - merged with CMA to form CMA-CGM
- Crédit Industriel et Commercial (1998)
- Crédit local de France (1991) now Dexia
- Le Crédit Lyonnais (1999)
- Elf Aquitaine - privatized in 1994; absorbed by Total
- Eramet (1999)
- Gan (1998)
- Pechiney (1995)
- Renault (1996) - the French state still have 15.01% of the shareholding
- SEITA (1995) - now Altadis
- Total
- Union des Assurances De Paris (1994)
2000s
- Aéroports de Paris - the French State remains the major shareholder: 52%
- Air France - opening shareholding open in 1999. Merged with KLM and merged to form: Air France-KLM (as 2004, the French State remain 44%). As of 2012, the French State remains 15.8%. [6]
- Credit Lyonnais (a bank ;– privatized in 2001)
- Électricité de France (EDF) (in December 2005 France sold 30% of EDF)
- French Highway Concession
- A'lienor - sold to Eiffage (65%) and Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France (35%)
- Alis - sold to Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France
- Société des Autoroutes de Paris Normandie - sold to Vinci
- Société des Autoroutes du Nord et de l'Est de la France - sold to Abertis (52,5%); the rest is owned by other investors
- Autoroutes Paris-Rhin-Rhône - sold to Eiffage
- Autoroutes du Sud de la France - sold to Vinci
- Arcour - sold to Vinci
- Atlandes - sold to Colas Group (subsidiaries of Bouygues) and other investors
- Cofiroute - sold to Vinci
- Gaz de France (GDF) - Prime minister Dominique de Villepin announced a merger between GDF and Suez; since the state owns 80% of GDF, a privatization of GDF would require the passing of a new law; the state would control only 34% of the capital of the new group: see commentary.
- Orange S.A. (formerly France Télécom) (the French State has owned under 50% of Orange since September 2004) - the French State remains (including ERAP): 26,94%
- Pages Jaunes (Yellow Pages) (in 2004 France sold 32% of Pages Jaunes for €1.25 billion)
- Snecma (in 2004 France sold 35% of Snecma for €1.45 billion)
- Société nationale industrielle aérospatiale (2000) - merged with DASA and CASA to form the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company
- Thomson Multimédia
- Thomson Multimédia - now Technicolor
- Thomson-CSF - now Thales Group; the French State remains 27%
- SNCM (Société Nationale Maritime Corse Méditerranée) - ferry-company; privatized at the end of 2005; the French State remains 25% in SNCM
- Deutsche Bundespost became in January 1995:
- Deutsche Post - the state owns 20.5% through the KfW.[7]
- Deutsche Telekom - the state still owns 32%, partly direct and partly through the KfW.[8]
- Deutsche Postbank - in 2004 the state floated a minority stake for €2.5 billion
- Deutsche Bundesbahn became Deutsche Bahn in 1994, although it is 100% state owned.
- UFA underwent privatization in 1921
- Olympic Airways - at first, then Olympic Airlines; the Hellenic State attempted to privatise the ailing airlines five times, more or less, from 2004 onwards. The company was folded and re-created in 2009, and privatized in 2012, under the supervision of the EU and IMF, as it was part of the debt-restructuring process of 2012.
- OPAP (Lottery and Betting Monopoly) - privatization completed in 2008, when the last remaining government-owned stock was sold
- OTE (Οργανισμός Τηλεπικοινωνιών Ελλάδος / Hellenic Telecommunications Company) - became partly privatised in the 1990s, when its only shareholder at the time, the Hellenic State, reduced its share of the company to 36%
- Piraeus Port Authority - In April 2016, HRADF sold 51% of Piraeus Port Authority to the COSCO Group.
- TrainOSE - It was acquired in September 2017 by the Italian railway company, Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane.
- Hellenic Petroleum - Starting from the 1990s, the Greek Government gradually sold its shares in the company, and currently owns only 35.5% of the shares.
- Starting in 2012, a rescue package for the Greek government-debt crisis required a major round of privatization[9] which was managed through the Hellenic Republic Asset Development Fund.[10]
- The Link REIT
- Mass Transit Railway Corporation (renamed MTR Corporation Limited)
- Hong Kong Mail Service
- Búnaðarbanki Íslands hf - privatized in 1999–2003
- Landsbanki Íslands hf - privatized in 1999–2003
- Landssími Íslands hf - privatized in 2005
- Skýrr hf - privatized in 1997–1998
- Bangalore International Airport
- Bharat Aluminium Company - in 2001
- Cochin International Airport
- Delhi Airport
- Hindustan Zinc Limited - in 2001[11]
- Hyderabad International Airport
- Maruti Udyog
- Mumbai Airport
- VSNL
- (planned) most industries except oil, at the behest of the United States-sponsored government
- ACCBank - sold to Rabobank
- Aer Lingus - floated on the stock market; state retains 25%
- British and Irish Steampacket Company Limited - sold to Irish Continental Group
- Cablelink - sold to NTL Ireland; formerly held 50/50 by Telecom Éireann and Raidió Teilifís Éireann, both state-owned at the time
- ICC Bank - sold to Bank of Scotland
- Irish Life - sold to Irish Permanent
- Irish National Petroleum Corporation - all assets sold to ConocoPhillips, still exists in law
- Irish Steel - transferred ownership to Ispat, firm bankrupt, no longer exists
- Irish Sugar - floated on stock market as Greencore; state retains one share for veto purposes
- Nítrigin Éireann - sold to its other shareholder in Irish Fertiliser Industries, Richardsons, final firm called IFI, no longer exists
- Telecom Éireann - floated on the stock market
- TSB Bank - sold to info unknown
- Bezeq
- El Al
- Bank Hapoalim
- Bank Leumi (partial)
- Israel Chemicals
- Israel Discount Bank (partial)
- RAFAEL Armament Development Authority (partial)
- Zim Integrated Shipping Services
- INA Assitalia
- Enel S.p.A. (1999 32% €16.6 billion, 2003 6.6% €2.2 billion, 2004 20% €7.5 billion) [12]
- Eni
- IRI (among which are Autostrade s.p.a., Credito Italiano)
- Telecom Italia
- Terna (Enel sold 43.5% for €1.48 billion in June 2004) [13]
- Japan Airlines
- Japan Highway Public Corporation
- Japan Post (half-privatized)
- Japan Railways Group (formerly Japanese National Railways)
- Japan Tobacco
- New Tokyo International Airport Authority (Narita)
- Nippon Express
- Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
- Aramex International (Q1 2005, 75% for $150–200 million)
- Jordan Telecom
- Queen Alia's Airport
- Korea Electric Power (KEPCO; half-privatized)
- Korea Telecom
- KOGAS
- KT&G (Korea Tobacco & Ginseng)
- POSCO (Pohang Iron & Steel)
- Kuwait Finance House (November 2004, 25% of the company for $1 billion)
- Johor Water Corporation
- Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad - national railway company
- Malaysia Airlines
- Malaysia Airports Holdings
- Pasir Gudang Local Authority
- Pos Malaysia - national postal services
- Senai International Airport
- Telekom Malaysia
- Tenaga National Berhad - national electricity-generation and distribution
1,150 public companies, including banks, railroads, the telephone company, mines, roads, TV stations, ports, airports, airlines, sugar mills, and retirement funds. Now they are going to privatize PEMEX, the oil company, and CFE, the electricity company.
- Nederlandse Spoorwegen
- PTT, the mail and telecom company
- Air New Zealand - privatized in 1989, subsequently rescued by the Government of New Zealand in 2001
- Auckland Airport
- Bank of New Zealand - semi-privatized in 1987; rescued by the Crown in 1990; sold off in 1992
- Electricity Corporation of New Zealand (ECNZ) - part of which became privatized as Contact Energy in the period 1995 - 1998
- Government Print
- Ministry of Works and Development
- Natural Gas Corporation (NGC), ultimately absorbed into Vector Limited
- New Zealand Steel - privatized from 1987, now part of BlueScope
- The Post Office Savings Bank (POSB) - bought by the ANZ Bank in 1989
- Telecom New Zealand - privatized in 1990
- New Zealand Rail Limited - privatized in 1993, became Tranz Rail Limited in 1995; the government subsequently repurchased the track lease
- various council-controlled organisations formerly owned by territorial authorities: see also Local Authority Trading Enterprises (LATEs)
- Arcus (sold to Sucra in 2001)
- Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse (sold to Nordea in 2000)
- DnB NOR (floated on the stock market in 1995, government retains 34%)
- Finnmark Fylkesrederi og Ruteselskap (sold to Veolia Transport Norge in 2003)
- Fredrikstad Energi (49% sold to Fortum)
- Kongsberg Gruppen (floated on the stock market in 1993, government retains 50%)
- Norsk Medisinaldepot (sold to Celesio in 2001)
- NSB Gods (now CargoNet, partially sold to Green Cargo in 2002, NSB retains 55%)
- Oslo Energi (parts merged with Hafslund)
- Postbanken (merged with DnB NOR in 1999)
- Statkorn (floated on the stock market as Cermaq in 2000, government retains 44%)
- Statoil (floated on the stock market in 2001, government retains 71%)
- Telenor (floated on the stock market in 2000, government retains 54%)
- TrønderBilene (66% sold to Fosen Trafikklag in 1999)
- Østfold Energi (parts sold to Fortum in 2001)
- Årdal og Sunndal Verk (merged with Norsk Hydro in 1986)
- National Refinery Limited (acquired by Attock Group of Companies in July 2005)
- ANA - Aeroportos de Portugal (Portuguese airports)
- CIMPOR
- CTT - Portuguese post
- EDP - Energia de Portugal
- Fidelidade - the insurance part of the CGD public bank
- GALP - national petroleum company
- Portugal Telecom - national telecommunications company
- REN - Rede Eléctrica Nacional
- TAP - airline
- Q-Gas (Q1 2005, 50% for $600 million)
- Rompetrol - petroleum company (1993 & 1998)
- Ursus Breweries - beer brewer and distributor (1996)
- Romcim (now Lafarge Romania) - industrial materials company (1997)
- Casial Hunedoara (now HeidelbergCement Romania) - industrial materials company (1997)
- Romtelecom (now Telekom Romania) - telecommunications company (1998 & 2003)
- BRD – Groupe Société Générale - bank (1999)
- Automobile Dacia - car manufacturer (1999)
- Astra Rail Industries - rail vehicle manufacturer (1999 & 2000)
- Petromidia Refinery - oil refinery (2000)
- Sidex (now ArcelorMittal Galați) - steelworks (2001)
- Alro - aluminium company (2002)
- Petrom - petroleum company (2004)
- Banca Comercială Română - bank (2003 & 2006)
- Electrica - electricity distributor (2006, 2008 & 2014)
- Automobile Craiova (now Ford Romania) - car manufacturer (2007)
A wide-scale privatization program was launched in 1992-1994, using a voucher privatization scheme; from 1995, a monetary scheme was used.
- Gazprom (1994)
- LUKoil (1995)
- Mechel (1995)
- MMC Norilsk Nickel (1995)
- Novolipetsk Steel (1995)
- Surgutneftegaz (1995)
- YUKOS (1995)
- Al-Bilad Bank (2008, 50%)
- Bank Al-Inma (2008, 70%)
- Government Hotels (2005, 100% of King Abdullah International Convention Centre in Jeddah and Ritz Carlton in Riyadh)
- Maaden (2008, 50%)
- National Commercial Bank (2014, 25%)
- Riyad Bank (2008, 58%)
- SABIC (1984, 30%)
- Saudi Arabian Airlines (2006, split into 10 business units, 5 of which were privatized)
- Saudi Electric Company (2000, 26%)
- Saudi Ports (1997, 27 management contracts were given out to various ports around the Kingdom)
- Saudi Real Estate Company (2003, 50%)
- Saudi Telecom Company (2002, 30%)
- Port of Singapore Authority (1997)
- Post Office Savings Bank (bought by DBS Bank in 1998 and rebranded as POSBank)
- Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (1994, as the Television Corporation of Singapore; later renamed MediaCorp in 2001) - owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
- Singapore Post - owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
- Singapore Power - owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
- Singapore Telecommunications (1992) - owned by the government through government-owned investment firms
- Iscor - Now known as ArcelorMittal South Africa, the company was privatised in 1989.
- Telkom - Gradually privatised starting with the IPO in 2003. The government currently holds 39%, and is planning on selling its entire stake.
- Aceralia
- Argentaria
- ENDESA (1988-1998)
- Gas Natural
- Iberia Airlines (2001)
- Indra
- Red Electrica de España
- Repsol (1989-1997)
- Retevision
- SEAT (1986)
- Tabacalera
1980s
1990s
- AssiDomän
- Celsius
- Cementa
- Enator
- Företagskapital
- Industrikredit AB
- Lantbrukskredit AB
- Nordbanken (partial)
- OKPetroleum
- Pharmacia
- PharmaciaUpjohn
- SAKAB
- SAQ Kontrol
- SBL Vaccin
- SEMKO
- SSAB (wholly privatised in 1994)
- Stadshypotek AB
- Svalöf
- Svensk Fastighetsvärdering
- Svenska Statens Språkresor AB
- Swedish Real Estate Valuation Corp
- VPC AB
2000s
- Celsius AB
- Grängesbergs Gruvor
- Kurortsverksamhet
- Nordbanken
- OMX - stock exchange - shares sold to Borse Dubai for 2.1 billion SEK.[14]
- SAKAB
- SGAB
- Svenska Lagerhus
- Svenska
- Vin & Sprit - sold to Pernod Ricard for 5.626 billion euro[15]
2010s
Planned privatisations
- Apoteket (partial, 2009)[17]
- SBAB
- SAS (50% owned by Swedish, Danish, Norwegian governments)[18]
- Telia Sonera[19] (37.3% owned by the Swedish government)
(Listing Scope >US $ 10 M.)[21]
1980s
- ANKARA ÇIMENTO
- ANSAN-MEDA
- BALIKESİR ÇIMENTO
- PINARHİSAR ÇIMENTO
- SÖKE ÇIMENTO
1990s
- ADIYAMAN ÇİMENTO
- ANADOLUBANK
- AŞKALE ÇİMENTO
- BARTIN ÇİMENTO
- BOZÜYÜK Seramik
- ÇİNKUR
- ÇORUM ÇİMENTO
- DENİZBANK
- DENİZLİ ÇİMENTO
- ELAZIĞ ÇİMENTO
- ERGANİ ÇİMENTO
- ETİBANK
- FİLYOS
- GAZİANTEP ÇİMENTO
- GÜNES SİGORTA
- HAVAŞ
- IPRAGAZ
- İSKENDERUN ÇİMENTO
- KARS ÇİMENTO
- KONYA KROM MAN.A.Ş.
- KÜMAŞ
- KURTALAN ÇİMENTO
- LADİK ÇİMENTO
- LALAPAŞA ÇİMENTO
- METAŞ
- PETLAS
- RAY SIGORTA
- ŞANLIURFA ÇİMENTO
- SİVAS ÇİMENTO
- SÜMERBANK
- TRABZON ÇİMENTO
- TÜRK KABLO
- VAN ÇİMENTO
- YARIMCA PORSELEN T.A.Ş.
2000s
- Adapazarı Sugar Fac.
- ASİL ÇELİK
- ATAKÖY Hotel
- ATAKÖY Marina
- ATAKÖY TOURISM
- BAŞAK INSURANCE
- BAŞAK RETIREMENT FUND
- BET KÜTAHYA ŞEKER
- BURSAGAZ
- ÇAYELİ BAKIR İŞL.A.Ş.
- Cyprus Turkish Airlines
- DENİZ NAKLİYATI T.A.Ş.
- ESGAZ
- ETI ALUMINIUM
- ETİ BAKIR
- ETİ ELEKTROMETALURJI
- ETİ GÜMÜŞ A.Ş.
- ETİ KROM A.Ş.
- GÜVEN SİGORTA
- DİV-HAN
- TAKSAN
- TÜRK TELEKOM
- Damas Jewelry (November 2004, 55% of the company for $224 million)
1970s
- British Petroleum (1977, 1979, 1981, 1987)
- International Computers Limited (1979)
- Lunn Poly (1971)
- Rolls-Royce Motors (1973)
- State Management Scheme (1973)
- Thomas Cook (1972)
1980s
- Amersham International (1982)
- Associated British Ports (1983, 1984)
- British Aerospace (1981, 1985)
- British Airports Authority (1987)
- British Airways (1987)
- British Airways Helicopters (1986)
- British Gas (1986)
- British Leyland
- Alvis (1981)
- Coventry Climax (1982)
- Danish Automobile Building (1987)
- ISTEL (1987)
- Jaguar (1984)
- Leyland Bus (1987)
- Leyland Tractors (1982)
- Leyland Trucks (1987)
- Rover Group (1988)
- Unipart (1987)
- British Rail Engineering Limited (1989)
- British Shipbuilders (1985-1989, shipbuilder companies sold individually)
- British Steel plc (1988)
- British Sugar (1981)
- British Telecom (1984, 1991, 1993)
- British Transport Hotels (1983)
- Britoil (1982, 1985)
- Cable and Wireless (1981, 1983, 1985)
- Council houses (1980–present, over two million sold to their tenants) - see main article Right to buy scheme
- Enterprise Oil (1984)
- Fairey (1980)
- Ferranti (1982)
- Harland and Wolff (1989)
- Inmos (1984)
- Municipal bus companies (1988–present, bus companies sold individually) - see main article Bus deregulation in Great Britain
- National Bus Company (1986 - 1988, bus companies sold individually)
- National Express (1988)
- National Freight Corporation (1982)
- Passenger transport executive bus companies (1988 - 1994, bus companies sold individually)
- Rolls-Royce (1987)
- Royal Ordnance (1987)
- Sealink (1984)
- Travellers Fare (1988)
- Trustee Savings Bank (1985)
- Vale of Rheidol Railway (1989)
- Water companies - see main article Water privatisation in England and Wales
- Anglian Water (1989)
- North West Water (1989)
- Northumbrian Water (1989)
- Severn Trent (1989)
- South West Water (1989)
- Southern Water (1989)
- Thames Water (1989)
- Welsh Water (1989)
- Wessex Water (1989)
- Yorkshire Water (1989)
1990s
- AEA Technology (1996)
- Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (1997)
- Belfast International Airport (1994)
- Birmingham Airport (1993 - 51%)
- Bournemouth Airport (1995)
- Bristol Airport (1997, 2001)
- British Coal (1994)
- British Energy (1996)
- British Rail - see main article Privatisation of British Rail
- 3 rolling stock companies:
- Angel Trains (1996)
- Eversholt Leasing (1996)
- Porterbrook (1996)
- 6 design office units (1995-1997, sold individually)
- 6 freight operating companies
- Freightliner (1995)
- Loadhaul (1996)
- Mainline Freight (1996)
- Rail Express Systems (1996)
- Railfreight Distribution (1997)
- Transrail Freight (1996)
- 6 track renewal units (1995 - 1997, sold individually)
- 7 infrastructure maintenance units (1995 - 1997, sold individually)
- 25 train operating companies (1996, operations contracted out as franchises)
- British Rail Research (1996)
- British Rail Telecommunications (1995)
- European Passenger Services (1996)
- Railtrack (1996) (18 October 2002 went into voluntary liquidation), now in public ownership as Network Rail
- Red Star Parcels (1995)
- Union Railways (1996)
- 3 rolling stock companies:
- British Technology Group (1992)
- Building Research Establishment (1997)
- Cardiff Airport (1995)
- Central Electricity Generating Board
- National Grid (1990)
- National Power (1991, 1995)
- Powergen (1991, 1995)
- Chessington Computer Centre (1996)
- Department for National Savings (1999, back office functions contracted out)
- East Midlands Airport (1993)
- Girobank (1990)
- Humberside Airport (1999 - 82%)
- Kingston Communications (1999, 2007)
- Laboratory of the Government Chemist (1996)
- Liverpool Airport (1990, 2001)
- London Buses (1994, bus companies sold individually) - see main article Privatisation of London bus services
- London Luton Airport (1997)
- London Southend Airport (1993)
- National Engineering Laboratory (1995)
- National Transcommunications Limited (1990)
- Natural Resources Institute (1996)
- Northern Ireland Electricity (1993)
- Property Services Agency (1994)
- Regional electricity companies
- East Midlands Electricity (1990)
- Eastern Electricity (1990)
- London Electricity (1990)
- MANWEB (1990)
- Midlands Electricity (1990)
- Northern Electric (1990)
- NORWEB (1990)
- SEEBOARD (1990)
- Southern Electric (1990)
- SWALEC (1990)
- SWEB Energy (1990)
- Yorkshire Electricity (1990)
- Scottish Bus Group (1991, bus companies sold individually)
- Scottish Hydro-Electric (1991)
- Scottish Power (1991)
- Severn Bridge (1992)
- The Stationery Office (1996)
- Student loans portfolios (1998, 1999, 2013)
- Transport Research Laboratory (1996)
- Trust Ports (1992–1997, ports sold individually)
2000s
- Actis (2004, 2012)
- BBC Books (2006 - 85%)
- BBC Broadcast (2005)
- BBC Costumes and Wigs (2008)
- BBC Outside Broadcasts (2008)
- BBC Technology (2004)
- British Nuclear Fuels Limited
- AWE Management Limited (2008)
- BNG America (2007)
- BNG Project Services (2008)
- Reactor Sites Management Company (2007)
- Westinghouse Electric Company (2006)
- East Thames Buses (2009)
- Leeds Bradford International Airport (2007)
- National Air Traffic Services (2001 - 51%)
- Newcastle Airport (2001 - 49%)
- Partnerships UK (2000, 2011)
- Qinetiq (2002, 2006, 2008)
- South Eastern Trains (2006)
- Teesside International Airport (2003 - 75%)
- UKAEA Limited (2009)
2010s
- BBC Audiobooks (2010 - 85%)
- BBC Magazines (2011)
- Behavioural Insights Team (2014 - 67%)
- Bio Products Laboratory (2013 - 80%)
- Constructionline (2015)
- Defence Support Group (2015)
- Dr Foster Intelligence (2015)
- East Coast Trains (2015)
- Eurostar International Limited (2015 - 40%)
- Fire Service College (2013)
- Food and Environment Research Agency (2015 - 75%)
- Government Pipelines and Storage System (2015)
- High Speed 1 (2010)
- Lloyds Banking Group (2013, 2014, 2015)
- Manchester Airports Group (2013 - 35%)
- NEC Group (2015)
- Northern Rock (2012)
- Remploy (2012, 2013, 2015, factory businesses sold individually)
- Royal Bank of Scotland Group (2015)
- Royal Mail (2013, 2015)
- The Tote (2011)
| Date | Company | % of equity initially sold | Proceeds £m |
| Feb 1981 | British Aerospace | 51.6 | 150 |
| Oct 1981 | Cable & Wireless | 50 | 224 |
| Feb 1982 | Amersham International | 100 | 71 |
| Nov 1982 | Britoil | 51 | 549 |
| Feb 1983 | Associated British Ports | 51.5 | 22 |
| June 1984 | Enterprise Oil | 100 | 392 |
| July 1984 | Jaguar | 99 | 294 |
| Nov 1984 | British Telecom | 50.2 | 3,916 |
| Dec 1986 | British Gas | 97 | 5,434 |
| Feb 1987 | British Airways | 100 | 900 |
| May 1987 | Rolls-Royce | 100 | 1,363 |
| July 1987 | British Airports Authority | 100 | 1,281 |
| Dec 1988 | British Steel | 100 | 2,500 |
| Dec 1989 | Regional Water Companies | 100 | 5,110 |
| Dec 1990 | Electricity Distribution Companies | 100 | 5,092 |
| Mar 1991 | National Power and PowerGen | 60 | 2,230 |
| May 1991 | Scottish Power and Scottish Hydro Electric | 100 | 2,880 |
- Conrail
- Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)
- Railway Express Agency
- Student Loan Marketing Association (SLM Corporation) (Sallie Mae)
See also
References
- Sample Firms Privatized Through Public Share Offerings, 1961-August 2000 - Appendix to Juliet D’Souza, William L. Megginson (1999), "The Financial and Operating Performance of Privatized Firms during the 1990s", Journal of Finance August 1999
- Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA) M&A - Academic research institute on mergers & acquisitions, including privatization
Footnotes
- ^ Amos, Deborah, "In Egypt, Revolution Moves Into The Factories", NPR, April 20, 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
- ^ "The Indorama Group" Archived 2012-06-15 at the Wayback Machine, company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
- ^ "Indorama Shebin Textiles Co. S.A.E" Archived 2011-09-04 at the Wayback Machine, company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
- ^ "The impact of privatization and policy reforem on the cotton spinning industry in Egypt", Prime Contractor: Abt Associates Inc.; sponsored by Government of Egypt, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and United States Agency for International Development; November, 2000. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
- ^ STIA Home, company website. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
- ^ http://www.airfranceklm-finance.com/en/Shares/Capital-structure-and-equity-threshold-declarations
- ^ "Deutsche Post DHL Group | Aktionärsstruktur". www.dpdhl.com (in German). Retrieved 2017-01-29.
- ^ AG, Deutsche Telekom. "Aktionärsstruktur" (in German). Retrieved 2017-01-29.
- ^ http://www.npr.org/2013/02/07/171294406/privatization-of-greek-assets-runs-behind-schedule
- ^ http://www.hradf.com/
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://pepei.pennnet.com/News/Display_News_Story.cfm?Section=WireNews&Category=HOME&NewsID=109120]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2004-12-20.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Regeringen har sålt hela OMX-innehavet". Dagens Industri. 2008-02-15. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
- ^ "Pernod wins auction for Vin & Sprit". The Local. 2008-03-31. Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Sweden sells remaining stake in Nordea for $3.4 billion". reuters. 2013-09-25. Retrieved 2017-11-07.
- ^ Regeringen överens om att sälja apotek Archived 2009-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Scandinavian Airlines
- ^ Privata Affärer - Staten fick 18 miljarder för aktierna i Teliasonera Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Munkhammar, J. "Försäljning av statliga bolag under tre decennier", Timbro, 2007, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Privatization in Turkey, Republic Of Turkey Prime Ministry Privatization Administration, 2010, http://www.oib.gov.tr/program/uygulamalar/privatization_in_turkey.htm