List of Russian inventors: Difference between revisions
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Rescuing 26 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v1.6.1) |
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|'''[[Oleg Antonov]]'''<br>(1906–1984)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
|'''[[Oleg Antonov]]'''<br>(1906–1984)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
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| [[Antonov|An]]-series aircraft, including [[Antonov A-40]] [[winged tank]] and [[Antonov An-124]] (the largest serial [[cargo aircraft]], later modified to world's largest [[fixed-wing aircraft]] [[Antonov An-225]])<ref>[http://www.antonov.com/about/jubilee/biography.xml Antonov's biography] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
| [[Antonov|An]]-series aircraft, including [[Antonov A-40]] [[winged tank]] and [[Antonov An-124]] (the largest serial [[cargo aircraft]], later modified to world's largest [[fixed-wing aircraft]] [[Antonov An-225]])<ref>[http://www.antonov.com/about/jubilee/biography.xml Antonov's biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522212624/http://www.antonov.com/about/jubilee/biography.xml |date=22 May 2009 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Maximus Air Cargo Antonov An-124-100 Vanzura.jpg|center|120px|thumb|An-124-100]] |
|align=center|[[File:Maximus Air Cargo Antonov An-124-100 Vanzura.jpg|center|120px|thumb|An-124-100]] |
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|align=center|[[File:Basov.jpg|90px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Basov.jpg|90px]] |
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|'''[[Nikolay Basov]]'''<br> (1922–2001)<br> {{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{flag|Russian Federation}} |
|'''[[Nikolay Basov]]'''<br> (1922–2001)<br> {{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{flag|Russian Federation}} |
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|co-inventor of [[laser]] and [[maser]]<ref>[http://i-lasers.com/basov.html Basov Nikolay Gennadiyevich]</ref> |
|co-inventor of [[laser]] and [[maser]]<ref>[http://i-lasers.com/basov.html Basov Nikolay Gennadiyevich] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926022159/http://i-lasers.com/basov.html |date=26 September 2010 }}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Laser play.jpg|center|120px|thumb|[[Laser]] beams]] |
|align=center|[[File:Laser play.jpg|center|120px|thumb|[[Laser]] beams]] |
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|align=center|[[File:Stamp behterev.jpg|140px]] |
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|'''[[Vladimir Bekhterev]]'''<br>(1857–1927)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
|'''[[Vladimir Bekhterev]]'''<br>(1857–1927)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
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|[[Bekhterev’s Mixture]] (a medicine with a sedative effect)<ref>[http://medicinelib.ru/lecarstva/B/lecarstva6616.html БЕХТЕРЕВА МИКСТУРА (MixturaBechtereva) at medicinelib.ru] {{ru icon}} |
|[[Bekhterev’s Mixture]] (a medicine with a sedative effect)<ref>[http://medicinelib.ru/lecarstva/B/lecarstva6616.html БЕХТЕРЕВА МИКСТУРА (MixturaBechtereva) at medicinelib.ru] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515152126/http://medicinelib.ru/lecarstva/B/lecarstva6616.html |date=15 May 2008 }} {{ru icon}} |
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|align=center|[[File:Sodium bromide.jpg|center|105px|thumb|[[Sodium bromide]], a part of [[Bekhterev’s Mixture]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:Sodium bromide.jpg|center|105px|thumb|[[Sodium bromide]], a part of [[Bekhterev’s Mixture]]]] |
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|align=center|[[File:Stamp Soviet Union 1991 CPA 5183.jpg|140px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Stamp Soviet Union 1991 CPA 5183.jpg|140px]] |
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|'''[[Nikolay Benardos]]'''<br>(1842–1905)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
|'''[[Nikolay Benardos]]'''<br>(1842–1905)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
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|[[arc welding]] (specifically [[carbon arc welding]], the first arc welding method)<ref>[http://www.biografia.ru/cgi-bin/quotes.pl?oaction=show&name=benardos03 Biography of Bernardos by A. A. Chekanov] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|[[arc welding]] (specifically [[carbon arc welding]], the first arc welding method)<ref>[http://www.biografia.ru/cgi-bin/quotes.pl?oaction=show&name=benardos03 Biography of Bernardos by A. A. Chekanov] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230054735/http://www.biografia.ru/cgi-bin/quotes.pl?oaction=show&name=benardos03 |date=30 December 2010 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Patent Electrogefest.jpg|center|90px|thumb|The first [[arc welding]] method, ''[[Electric|Electro]][[Hephaestus]]'']] |
|align=center|[[File:Patent Electrogefest.jpg|center|90px|thumb|The first [[arc welding]] method, ''[[Electric|Electro]][[Hephaestus]]'']] |
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|align=center|[[File:Botezat.jpg|90px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Botezat.jpg|90px]] |
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|'''[[George de Bothezat|Georgy Bothezat]]'''<br>(1882–1940)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|United States}} |
|'''[[George de Bothezat|Georgy Bothezat]]'''<br>(1882–1940)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|United States}} |
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|[[quadcopter|quadrotor helicopter]] ([[De Bothezat helicopter|The ''Flying Octopus'']])<ref>[http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Rotary/early_20th_century/HE2.htm "Helicopter Development in the Early Twentieth Century"]. ''centennialofflight.gov''. Accessed 10 May 2010.</ref> |
|[[quadcopter|quadrotor helicopter]] ([[De Bothezat helicopter|The ''Flying Octopus'']])<ref>[http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Rotary/early_20th_century/HE2.htm "Helicopter Development in the Early Twentieth Century"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505230212/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Rotary/early_20th_century/HE2.htm |date=5 May 2012 }}. ''centennialofflight.gov''. Accessed 10 May 2010.</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:De Bothezat Quadrotor.jpg|center|160px|thumb|De Bothezat's [[quadcopter|quadrotor helicopter]].]] |
|align=center|[[File:De Bothezat Quadrotor.jpg|center|160px|thumb|De Bothezat's [[quadcopter|quadrotor helicopter]].]] |
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|'''[[Mikhail Britnev]]''' <br> (1822–1889)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}} |
|'''[[Mikhail Britnev]]''' <br> (1822–1889)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}} |
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|first [[metal]]-[[ship hull|hull]] [[icebreaker]] (''[[Pilot (icebreaker)|Pilot]]'')<ref>[http://www.www.rs-head.spb.ru/ru/vestnik/arc_pdf/v54.pdf Вестник Регистра морского судоходства России] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|first [[metal]]-[[ship hull|hull]] [[icebreaker]] (''[[Pilot (icebreaker)|Pilot]]'')<ref>[http://www.www.rs-head.spb.ru/ru/vestnik/arc_pdf/v54.pdf Вестник Регистра морского судоходства России]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:1976. Ледокол Пайлот.jpg|120px|thumb|center|[[Icebreaker]] ''[[Pilot (icebreaker)|Pilot]]'' on a postage stamp]] |
|align=center|[[File:1976. Ледокол Пайлот.jpg|120px|thumb|center|[[Icebreaker]] ''[[Pilot (icebreaker)|Pilot]]'' on a postage stamp]] |
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|'''[[Evgeniy Chertovsky]]'''<br> (born 1902)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{flag|Russian Federation}} |
|'''[[Evgeniy Chertovsky]]'''<br> (born 1902)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{flag|Russian Federation}} |
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|[[pressure suit]]<ref>[http://vokrugsveta.ru/publishing/vs/archives/?item_id=465 Vita Germetika: A Brief History of Creating and Development of Soviet-Russian space suits] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|[[pressure suit]]<ref>[http://vokrugsveta.ru/publishing/vs/archives/?item_id=465 Vita Germetika: A Brief History of Creating and Development of Soviet-Russian space suits] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926232030/http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/publishing/vs/archives/?item_id=465 |date=26 September 2007 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:MC-3 pressure suit front.JPG|center|80px|thumb|[[Pressure suit]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:MC-3 pressure suit front.JPG|center|80px|thumb|[[Pressure suit]]]] |
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|'''[[Nikolay Dollezhal]]'''<br> (1899–2000)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} <br> {{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{flag|Russian Federation}} |
|'''[[Nikolay Dollezhal]]'''<br> (1899–2000)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} <br> {{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{flag|Russian Federation}} |
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|''AM-1'' reactor for the [[Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant|first nuclear power plant]] and other [[RBMK]]-type reactors, [[pressurized water reactor]] ([[VVER]])<ref>{{cite web|title |
|''AM-1'' reactor for the [[Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant|first nuclear power plant]] and other [[RBMK]]-type reactors, [[pressurized water reactor]] ([[VVER]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Nikolay A. Dollezhal|work=Brief History|publisher=N.A. Dollezhal Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering|url=http://www.nikiet.ru/eng/history/dollezh.html|accessdate=2008-05-11|language=ru|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080810010415/http://www.nikiet.ru/eng/history/dollezh.html|archivedate=10 August 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Wwer-1000-scheme.png|center|70px|thumb|[[VVER|VVER-1000]] [[nuclear power reactor|nuclear reactor]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:Wwer-1000-scheme.png|center|70px|thumb|[[VVER|VVER-1000]] [[nuclear power reactor|nuclear reactor]]]] |
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|'''[[Alexey Dushkin]]'''<br> (1904–1977)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}} <br> {{flag|Soviet Union}} |
|'''[[Alexey Dushkin]]'''<br> (1904–1977)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}} <br> {{flag|Soviet Union}} |
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|[[deep column station]]<ref>[http://www.mosmetro.ru/pages/page_6.php?id_page=169 Mayakovskaya at the official site of the Moscow Metro]</ref> |
|[[deep column station]]<ref>[http://www.mosmetro.ru/pages/page_6.php?id_page=169 Mayakovskaya at the official site of the Moscow Metro] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429122648/http://www.mosmetro.ru/pages/page_6.php?id_page=169 |date=29 April 2010 }}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Karl Gustavovich Faberge.jpg|90px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Karl Gustavovich Faberge.jpg|90px]] |
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|'''[[Peter Carl Fabergé]]'''<br> (1846–1920) <br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
|'''[[Peter Carl Fabergé]]'''<br> (1846–1920) <br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
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|[[Fabergé Egg]]s<ref>[http://ornamentalturning.net/history/victorian_era_turner-faberge.html The House of Fabergé]</ref> |
|[[Fabergé Egg]]s<ref>[http://ornamentalturning.net/history/victorian_era_turner-faberge.html The House of Fabergé] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703223018/http://ornamentalturning.net/history/victorian_era_turner-faberge.html |date=3 July 2008 }}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Memory of Azov Egg.jpg|center|120px|thumb|[[Memory of Azov Egg]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:Memory of Azov Egg.jpg|center|120px|thumb|[[Memory of Azov Egg]]]] |
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|align=center|[[File:Valentin Glushko on a 2008 Russian coin; RR5110-0084R.png|120px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Valentin Glushko on a 2008 Russian coin; RR5110-0084R.png|120px]] |
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|'''[[Valentyn Glushko]]'''<br> (1908–1989)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
|'''[[Valentyn Glushko]]'''<br> (1908–1989)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
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|[[hypergolic propellant]], [[Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion|electric propulsion]], Soviet [[rocket engine]]s (including world's most powerful [[liquid-fuel rocket|liquid-fuel]] [[rocket engine]] [[RD-170 (rocket engine)|RD-170]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Valentin Glushko biography|work=Encyclopedia Astronautica|url=http://www.astronautix.com/astros/glushko.htm|accessdate=2006-07-25}}</ref> |
|[[hypergolic propellant]], [[Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion|electric propulsion]], Soviet [[rocket engine]]s (including world's most powerful [[liquid-fuel rocket|liquid-fuel]] [[rocket engine]] [[RD-170 (rocket engine)|RD-170]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Valentin Glushko biography|work=Encyclopedia Astronautica|url=http://www.astronautix.com/astros/glushko.htm|accessdate=2006-07-25|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830130455/http://astronautix.com/astros/glushko.htm|archivedate=30 August 2006|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:RD-170 rocket engine.jpg|center|80px|thumb|[[RD-170 (rocket engine)|RD-170 rocket engine]] model]] |
|align=center|[[File:RD-170 rocket engine.jpg|center|80px|thumb|[[RD-170 (rocket engine)|RD-170 rocket engine]] model]] |
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|'''[[Boris Grabovsky]]'''<br> (1901–1966)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
|'''[[Boris Grabovsky]]'''<br> (1901–1966)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
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|[[cathode]] commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earlytelevision.org/uzbekistan.html|title=Television in Uzbekistan|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://uk8aie.pr.uz/index.files/grab_telefot1.htm Grabovsky Boris Pavlovich and his "Telephote". Myths and reality] by Yury Rubchenko {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|[[cathode]] commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earlytelevision.org/uzbekistan.html|title=Television in Uzbekistan|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://uk8aie.pr.uz/index.files/grab_telefot1.htm Grabovsky Boris Pavlovich and his "Telephote". Myths and reality] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831224916/http://uk8aie.pr.uz/index.files/grab_telefot1.htm |date=31 August 2011 }} by Yury Rubchenko {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:CPT Television Screen.jpg|60px|thumb|center|A modern [[cathode ray tube]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:CPT Television Screen.jpg|60px|thumb|center|A modern [[cathode ray tube]]]] |
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|'''[[Mikhail Gurevich (aircraft designer)|Mikhail Gurevich]]'''<br> (1893–1976)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}}<br><small>(left on photo)</small> |
|'''[[Mikhail Gurevich (aircraft designer)|Mikhail Gurevich]]'''<br> (1893–1976)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}}<br><small>(left on photo)</small> |
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|[[MiG]]-series fighter aircraft, including world's [[List of most produced aircraft|most produced]] [[jet aircraft]] [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15|MiG-15]] and most produced [[supersonic aircraft]] [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] (together with [[Artem Mikoyan]])<ref name=MiG>[http://www.migavia.ru/eng/ Migavia.ru] – official site of MiG "OKB" successor enterprise</ref> |
|[[MiG]]-series fighter aircraft, including world's [[List of most produced aircraft|most produced]] [[jet aircraft]] [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15|MiG-15]] and most produced [[supersonic aircraft]] [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] (together with [[Artem Mikoyan]])<ref name=MiG>[http://www.migavia.ru/eng/ Migavia.ru] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105123223/http://www.migavia.ru/eng/ |date=5 January 2010 }} – official site of MiG "OKB" successor enterprise</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:MiG-21 RB6.jpg|140px|thumb|center|[[MiG-21]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:MiG-21 RB6.jpg|140px|thumb|center|[[MiG-21]]]] |
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|align=center|[[File:Waldemar Haffkine.jpg|90px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Waldemar Haffkine.jpg|90px]] |
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|'''[[Waldemar Haffkine]]'''<br> (1860–1930)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Switzerland}} |
|'''[[Waldemar Haffkine]]'''<br> (1860–1930)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Switzerland}} |
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|developed and used first vaccines against [[cholera]] and [[bubonic plague]]<ref>[http://haffkineinstitute.org/history.htm History of Haffkine Institute]</ref><ref>[http://www.odessaglobe.com/russian/people/khavkin.php Haffkine's biography] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|developed and used first vaccines against [[cholera]] and [[bubonic plague]]<ref>[http://haffkineinstitute.org/history.htm History of Haffkine Institute] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504194633/http://www.haffkineinstitute.org/history.htm |date=4 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.odessaglobe.com/russian/people/khavkin.php Haffkine's biography] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Paul-Louis Simond injecting plague vaccine June 4th 1898 Karachi.jpg|120px|thumb|center|An injection of anti-[[Plague (disease)|plague]] vaccine]] |
|align=center|[[File:Paul-Louis Simond injecting plague vaccine June 4th 1898 Karachi.jpg|120px|thumb|center|An injection of anti-[[Plague (disease)|plague]] vaccine]] |
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|'''[[Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov|Gavriil Ilizarov]]'''<br> (1921–1992)<br> {{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{flag|Russian Federation}} |
|'''[[Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov|Gavriil Ilizarov]]'''<br> (1921–1992)<br> {{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>{{flag|Russian Federation}} |
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|[[Ilizarov apparatus]], [[external fixation]], [[distraction osteogenesis]]<ref>[http://www.medicus.ru/surgery/pats/?cont=article&art_id=4465 A Genius of Osteogenesis] {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/beadling/Ilizarov.html&date=2009-10-26+04:53:13 Lee Beadling «Ilizarov discovered the miracle of distraction osteogenesis»]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a908501427&fulltext=713240928|title=Looking for something? - Taylor & Francis Online|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref> |
|[[Ilizarov apparatus]], [[external fixation]], [[distraction osteogenesis]]<ref>[http://www.medicus.ru/surgery/pats/?cont=article&art_id=4465 A Genius of Osteogenesis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620151214/http://www.medicus.ru/surgery/pats/?cont=article&art_id=4465 |date=20 June 2008 }} {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/beadling/Ilizarov.html&date=2009-10-26+04:53:13 Lee Beadling «Ilizarov discovered the miracle of distraction osteogenesis»]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a908501427&fulltext=713240928|title=Looking for something? - Taylor & Francis Online|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Ilizarov2.jpg|center|80px|thumb|[[Ilizarov apparatus]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:Ilizarov2.jpg|center|80px|thumb|[[Ilizarov apparatus]]]] |
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|'''[[Georgii Karpechenko]]'''<br> (1899–1941)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
|'''[[Georgii Karpechenko]]'''<br> (1899–1941)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
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|[[rabbage]] (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding)<ref>Karpechenko, G.D., Polyploid hybrids of Raphanus sativus X Brassica oleracea L., Bull. Appl. Bot. 17:305–408 (1927)</ref><ref>[http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/timeline.asp Biotechnomogy timeline at bio.org]</ref> |
|[[rabbage]] (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding)<ref>Karpechenko, G.D., Polyploid hybrids of Raphanus sativus X Brassica oleracea L., Bull. Appl. Bot. 17:305–408 (1927)</ref><ref>[http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/timeline.asp Biotechnomogy timeline at bio.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212001915/http://bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/timeline.asp |date=12 February 2010 }}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Radis.JPG|center|80px]][[File:Cabbage and cross section on white.jpg|thumb|center|80px|[[Radish]] and [[cabbage]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:Radis.JPG|center|80px]][[File:Cabbage and cross section on white.jpg|thumb|center|80px|[[Radish]] and [[cabbage]]]] |
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|'''[[Anatoly Kharlampiev]]'''<br> (1906–1979)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
|'''[[Anatoly Kharlampiev]]'''<br> (1906–1979)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
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|[[Sambo (martial art)]]<ref>[http://glory.nsu.ru/projects/satbi/satbi-e/statyi/sambo.html Creation of Sambo] – by Michail Lukashev, first published in ''Physical Culture and Sport'' magazine N9-10/91.{{ru icon}}</ref> |
|[[Sambo (martial art)]]<ref>[http://glory.nsu.ru/projects/satbi/satbi-e/statyi/sambo.html Creation of Sambo] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060215135102/http://glory.nsu.ru/projects/satbi/satbi-e/statyi/sambo.html |date=15 February 2006 }} – by Michail Lukashev, first published in ''Physical Culture and Sport'' magazine N9-10/91.{{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:DIMendeleevCab.jpg|80px]] |
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|'''[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]'''<br> (1834–1907)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
|'''[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]'''<br> (1834–1907)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
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|[[Periodic table]], a type of [[pycnometer]], [[pyrocollodion]], co-developer of [[Icebreaker Yermak]], also credited with determining the ideal [[vodka]] proof as 38% (later rounded to 40%)<ref>[http://www.science.sakhalin.ru/Ship/M-03c.html The short history of naval science] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|[[Periodic table]], a type of [[pycnometer]], [[pyrocollodion]], co-developer of [[Icebreaker Yermak]], also credited with determining the ideal [[vodka]] proof as 38% (later rounded to 40%)<ref>[http://www.science.sakhalin.ru/Ship/M-03c.html The short history of naval science] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607220852/http://www.science.sakhalin.ru/Ship/M-03c.html |date=7 June 2009 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
||
|align=center|[[File:Mendeleev Table 5th II.jpg|60px|thumb|center|[[Periodic table]] from [[Mendeleev]]'s book]] |
|align=center|[[File:Mendeleev Table 5th II.jpg|60px|thumb|center|[[Periodic table]] from [[Mendeleev]]'s book]] |
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|'''[[Alexander Nadiradze]]'''<br>(1914–1987)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>(born in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]) |
|'''[[Alexander Nadiradze]]'''<br>(1914–1987)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}}<br>(born in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]) |
||
|First meteorological missile "M1-Meteo". First mobile [[ICBM]] ([[RT-21 Temp 2S]]), also [[RSD-10 Pioneer]] and ([[RT-2PM Topol]])<ref>[http://www.rtc.ru/encyk/biogr-book/13N/2048.shtml Nadiradze's biography] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|First meteorological missile "M1-Meteo". First mobile [[ICBM]] ([[RT-21 Temp 2S]]), also [[RSD-10 Pioneer]] and ([[RT-2PM Topol]])<ref>[http://www.rtc.ru/encyk/biogr-book/13N/2048.shtml Nadiradze's biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216230356/http://www.rtc.ru/encyk/biogr-book/13N/2048.shtml |date=16 December 2013 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
||
|align=center|[[File:Moscow Parad 2008 Ballist.jpg|thumb|120px|center|[[RT-2PM Topol]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:Moscow Parad 2008 Ballist.jpg|thumb|120px|center|[[RT-2PM Topol]]]] |
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|align=center|[[File:Nartov.jpg|110px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Nartov.jpg|110px]] |
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|'''[[Andrey Nartov]]'''<br> (1683–1756)<br> [[Tsardom of Russia]] <br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
|'''[[Andrey Nartov]]'''<br> (1683–1756)<br> [[Tsardom of Russia]] <br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
||
|first [[lathe]] with a mechanic [[Tool bit|cutting tool]]-supporting [[Lathe carriage|carriage]] and a set of [[gear]]s, fast-fire [[artillery battery|battery]] on a rotating disc, [[Screw (simple machine)|screw]] mechanism for changing the [[artillery]] fire angle, [[Gauge (bore diameter)|gauge]]-[[boring (manufacturing)|boring]] lathe for [[cannon]]-making, early [[telescopic sight]]<ref>[http://turner.narod.ru/dir1/nartov.htm Nartov Andrey Konstantinovich] {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[http://hronos.km.ru/biograf/nartov.html Nartov's biography at hronos.km.ru] {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[http://subscribe.ru/archive/history.izobretatel/200510/25002229.html Nartov's biography] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|first [[lathe]] with a mechanic [[Tool bit|cutting tool]]-supporting [[Lathe carriage|carriage]] and a set of [[gear]]s, fast-fire [[artillery battery|battery]] on a rotating disc, [[Screw (simple machine)|screw]] mechanism for changing the [[artillery]] fire angle, [[Gauge (bore diameter)|gauge]]-[[boring (manufacturing)|boring]] lathe for [[cannon]]-making, early [[telescopic sight]]<ref>[http://turner.narod.ru/dir1/nartov.htm Nartov Andrey Konstantinovich] {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[http://hronos.km.ru/biograf/nartov.html Nartov's biography at hronos.km.ru] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614041944/http://hronos.km.ru/biograf/nartov.html |date=14 June 2011 }} {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[http://subscribe.ru/archive/history.izobretatel/200510/25002229.html Nartov's biography] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Lathe.PNG|thumb|120px|center|An old [[lathe]] (''b'' marks the carriage)]] |
|align=center|[[File:Lathe.PNG|thumb|120px|center|An old [[lathe]] (''b'' marks the carriage)]] |
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|align=center|[[File:Ramzin.JPG|100px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Ramzin.JPG|100px]] |
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|'''[[Leonid Ramzin]]'''<br>(1887–1948)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
|'''[[Leonid Ramzin]]'''<br>(1887–1948)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
||
|straight-flow [[boiler]] (Ramzin boiler)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leonid.org.ua/Ramzin.aspx |title=Леонид Константинович Рамзин Leonid Konstantinovich Ramzin |publisher=Leonid |date= |accessdate=2012-08-15}}</ref> |
|straight-flow [[boiler]] (Ramzin boiler)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leonid.org.ua/Ramzin.aspx |title=Леонид Константинович Рамзин Leonid Konstantinovich Ramzin |publisher=Leonid |date= |accessdate=2012-08-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317183452/http://www.leonid.org.ua/Ramzin.aspx |archivedate=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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|align=center| |
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|'''[[Ida Rosenthal]]'''<br> (1886–1973)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|United States}}<br>(born in [[Belarus]], [[Jewish people|Jewish]] descent) |
|'''[[Ida Rosenthal]]'''<br> (1886–1973)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|United States}}<br>(born in [[Belarus]], [[Jewish people|Jewish]] descent) |
||
|modern [[brassiere]] ([[Maidenform]]), the standard of [[Bra sizing|cup size]]s, [[nursing bra]], full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William)<ref>Lin, Patricia. [http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/inventors/rosenthal.html Ida Kaganovich Rosenthal]</ref><ref>Maidenform Inc., company website, company history section. Retrieved June 2004 from http://www.maidenform.com/custserv/custserv.jsp?sectionId=33 |
|modern [[brassiere]] ([[Maidenform]]), the standard of [[Bra sizing|cup size]]s, [[nursing bra]], full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William)<ref>Lin, Patricia. [http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/inventors/rosenthal.html Ida Kaganovich Rosenthal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008221013/http://www.csupomona.edu/~plin/inventors/rosenthal.html |date=8 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>Maidenform Inc., company website, company history section. Retrieved June 2004 from http://www.maidenform.com/custserv/custserv.jsp?sectionId=33 |
||
</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Maidenform-Inc-Company-History.html |title=Maidenform, Inc. – Company History |publisher=Fundinguniverse.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-29}}</ref> |
</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Maidenform-Inc-Company-History.html |title=Maidenform, Inc. – Company History |publisher=Fundinguniverse.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-29}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Buestenhalter-2.jpg|100px|thumb|center|A modern [[brassiere]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:Buestenhalter-2.jpg|100px|thumb|center|A modern [[brassiere]]]] |
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|'''[[Alexander Sablukov]]'''<br> (1783–1857)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}} |
|'''[[Alexander Sablukov]]'''<br> (1783–1857)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}} |
||
|[[centrifugal fan]]<ref>[http://www.elcomspb.ru/wiki/eltech_history/vent_invent/ A History of Mechanical Fan] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|[[centrifugal fan]]<ref>[http://www.elcomspb.ru/wiki/eltech_history/vent_invent/ A History of Mechanical Fan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020133542/http://www.elcomspb.ru/wiki/eltech_history/vent_invent |date=20 October 2009 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:CentrifugalFan.png|center|100px|thumb|Components of a [[centrifugal fan]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:CentrifugalFan.png|center|100px|thumb|Components of a [[centrifugal fan]]]] |
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|'''[[Leonty Shamshurenkov]]'''<br> (1687–1758)<br> [[Tsardom of Russia]] <br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
|'''[[Leonty Shamshurenkov]]'''<br> (1687–1758)<br> [[Tsardom of Russia]] <br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
||
|a device for lifting the [[Tsar Bell]], the first [[self-propelling carriage]] (a precursor to both [[bicycle]] and [[automobile]]), projects of an original [[odometer]] and self-propelling [[sledge]]<ref name=carriages>[http://www.1520mm.ru/history/start/pram.phtml Коляски Шамшуренкова и самокатка Кулибина / The carriages of Shamshurenkov and ''samokatka'' of Kulibin] {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[http://olnd.narod.ru/06/06_shamsh.htm Leonty Luk'yanovich Shamshurenkov] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|a device for lifting the [[Tsar Bell]], the first [[self-propelling carriage]] (a precursor to both [[bicycle]] and [[automobile]]), projects of an original [[odometer]] and self-propelling [[sledge]]<ref name=carriages>[http://www.1520mm.ru/history/start/pram.phtml Коляски Шамшуренкова и самокатка Кулибина / The carriages of Shamshurenkov and ''samokatka'' of Kulibin]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{ru icon}}</ref><ref>[http://olnd.narod.ru/06/06_shamsh.htm Leonty Luk'yanovich Shamshurenkov] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110419182817/http://olnd.narod.ru/06/06_shamsh.htm |date=19 April 2011 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Shamshurenkov carriage.jpg|thumb|120px|center|A reconstruction of Shamshurenkov's ''self-running [[carriage]]'']] |
|align=center|[[File:Shamshurenkov carriage.jpg|thumb|120px|center|A reconstruction of Shamshurenkov's ''self-running [[carriage]]'']] |
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|'''[[Yefim Smolin]]'''<br> [[Tsardom of Russia]]<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
|'''[[Yefim Smolin]]'''<br> [[Tsardom of Russia]]<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}} |
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|[[table-glass]] (''stakan granyonyi'')<ref>[http://hronograf.narod.ru/10/stakan.htm The Day of Granenyi Stakan] at hronograf.narod.ru {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|[[table-glass]] (''stakan granyonyi'')<ref>[http://hronograf.narod.ru/10/stakan.htm The Day of Granenyi Stakan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120181632/http://hronograf.narod.ru/10/stakan.htm |date=20 November 2010 }} at hronograf.narod.ru {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Стакан.jpg|center|80px|thumb|A classic [[table-glass]]]] |
|align=center|[[File:Стакан.jpg|center|80px|thumb|A classic [[table-glass]]]] |
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|align=center|[[File:Starevich 1.jpg|110px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Starevich 1.jpg|110px]] |
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|'''[[Ladislas Starevich]]'''<br> (1882–1965)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|France}}<br>([[Polish people|Polish]] descent) |
|'''[[Ladislas Starevich]]'''<br> (1882–1965)<br> {{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|France}}<br>([[Polish people|Polish]] descent) |
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|[[puppet animation]], [[live-action/animated film]]<ref>[http://www.revistafantastique.com/monografico.php?articulo=151---Ladislas-Starewicz An illustrated biography of Starevich] {{es icon}}</ref><ref>[http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.02/5.02pages/schneiderstarewicz.php3 Entomology and Animation: A Portrait of an Early Master Ladislaw Starewicz] (May 2000 6-page article from Animation World Magazine)</ref> |
|[[puppet animation]], [[live-action/animated film]]<ref>[http://www.revistafantastique.com/monografico.php?articulo=151---Ladislas-Starewicz An illustrated biography of Starevich] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715175540/http://www.revistafantastique.com/monografico.php?articulo=151---Ladislas-Starewicz |date=15 July 2011 }} {{es icon}}</ref><ref>[http://www.awn.com/mag/issue5.02/5.02pages/schneiderstarewicz.php3 Entomology and Animation: A Portrait of an Early Master Ladislaw Starewicz] (May 2000 6-page article from Animation World Magazine)</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Cameraman's revenge.JPG|center|120px|thumb|Scene from ''The Cameraman's Revenge'' animation (1911)]] |
|align=center|[[File:Cameraman's revenge.JPG|center|120px|thumb|Scene from ''The Cameraman's Revenge'' animation (1911)]] |
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|align=center|[[File:Zvyozdochkin.jpg|90px]] |
|align=center|[[File:Zvyozdochkin.jpg|90px]] |
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|'''[[Vasily Zvyozdochkin]]'''<br>(1876–1956)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
|'''[[Vasily Zvyozdochkin]]'''<br>(1876–1956)<br>{{flag|Russian Empire}}<br>{{flag|Soviet Union}} |
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|[[matryoshka doll]] (together with painter [[Sergey Malyutin]])<ref>[http://www.zavodskayapravda.ru/article.aspx?articleId=527&issueId=96 Vasily Zvyozdochkin – the farther of Russian Matryoshka] {{ru icon}}</ref> |
|[[matryoshka doll]] (together with painter [[Sergey Malyutin]])<ref>[http://www.zavodskayapravda.ru/article.aspx?articleId=527&issueId=96 Vasily Zvyozdochkin – the farther of Russian Matryoshka] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301205554/http://www.zavodskayapravda.ru/article.aspx?articleId=527&issueId=96 |date=1 March 2012 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> |
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|align=center|[[File:Russian-Matroshka2.jpg|120px|center|thumb|[[Matryoshka doll]] taken apart]] |
|align=center|[[File:Russian-Matroshka2.jpg|120px|center|thumb|[[Matryoshka doll]] taken apart]] |
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Revision as of 05:19, 27 December 2017
This is a list of inventors from the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow, including both ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.
This list also includes those who were born in Russia or its predecessor states but later emigrated, and those who were born elsewhere but immigrated to the country or worked there for a considerable time, (producing inventions on Russian soil).
For Russian inventions in chronological order, see the Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records.
Alphabetical list
A
B
C
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984) ![]() ![]() |
first space station (Salyut 1), further space stations of Salyut series, Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system)[37] | ||
![]() |
Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990) ![]() ![]() |
Cherenkov detector[38] | ![]() |
Evgeniy Chertovsky (born 1902) ![]() ![]() ![]() |
pressure suit[39] | ||
Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964) ![]() ![]() |
air ionizer (Chizhevsky's chandelier)[40] | ![]() | |
Andrey Chokhov (c. 1545–1629) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia |
Tsar Cannon, the largest bombard by caliber but inoperative[41] | ![]() |
D
E
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Ivan Elmanov![]() |
first monorail (the so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages)[49] | ![]() |
F
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Peter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920) ![]() |
Fabergé Eggs[50] | ![]() |
Nicolas Florine (1891–1972) ![]() ![]() (born in Georgia) |
first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely[51] | ![]() | |
Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia ![]() |
invented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in Russia[52] | ![]() | |
Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000) ![]() ![]() |
radial keratotomy[53] | ![]() | |
![]() |
Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966) ![]() ![]() |
Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle)[54] |
G
H
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930) ![]() ![]() |
developed and used first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague[70][71] | ![]() |
I
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992) ![]() ![]() |
Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis[72][73][74] | ![]() | |
Sergey Ilyushin (1894–1977) ![]() ![]() |
Il-series fighter aircraft, including Ilyushin Il-2 bomber (the most produced military aircraft in history)[75] | ||
Aleksei Isaev (1908–1971) ![]() ![]() (second left on photo) |
first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Bereznyak)[25] | ![]() | |
Isidore Grand Duchy of Moscow |
Russian vodka[76] |
J
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Boris Jacobi (1801–1874) ![]() ![]() |
electrotyping (an application of electroplating to typography), electric boat[77] | ![]() |
K
L
M
N
O
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903) ![]() ![]() |
the Odhner Arithmometer (a mechanical pinwheel calculator) | ![]() |
Lucien Olivier (1838–1883) ![]() (Belgian or French origin) |
Russian salad (Olivier salad) | ![]() |
P
R
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Leonid Ramzin (1887–1948) ![]() ![]() |
straight-flow boiler (Ramzin boiler)[128] | ||
![]() |
Peter I of Russia (Romanov) (1672–1725) Tsardom of Russia ![]() |
decimal currency, yacht club, sounding line with separating plummet (sounding weight probe)[129][130][131] | ![]() |
Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973) ![]() ![]() (born in Belarus, Jewish descent) |
modern brassiere (Maidenform), the standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William)[132][133][134] | ![]() | |
![]() |
Boris Rosing (1869–1933) ![]() ![]() |
CRT television (first TV system using cathode ray tube on the receiving side)[135][136] | ![]() |
Eugene Roshal (born 1972) ![]() ![]() |
FAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver[137] | ![]() |
S
T
U
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Vladimir Utkin (1923–2000) ![]() ![]() |
railcar-launched ICBM (RT-23 Molodets), other Soviet rockets[153] | ![]() |
V
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Vladimir Vakhmistrov (1897–1972) ![]() ![]() |
first bomber with a parasite aircraft (Zveno project) | ||
![]() |
Viktor Vasnetsov (1848–1926) ![]() ![]() |
budenovka military hat | |
Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966) ![]() ![]() |
synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron[35][154] | ![]() |
W
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Paul Walden (1863–1957) ![]() ![]() (born in Latvia, Baltic German descent) |
Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid) | ![]() |
Y
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894) ![]() |
Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp) | ![]() |
Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989) ![]() ![]() |
Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet) | ![]() | |
![]() |
Vladimir Yourkevitch (1885–1964) ![]() ![]() ![]() |
modern ship hull design | ![]() |
Sergei Yudin (1891–1954) ![]() ![]() |
cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations[155] | ![]() |
Z
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917) ![]() (Poland) |
Esperanto language | ![]() |
Yevgeny Zavoisky (1907–1976) ![]() ![]() |
EPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopy[156] | ![]() | |
Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953) ![]() ![]() |
the first effective filtering activated charcoal gas mask in the world | ![]() | |
![]() |
Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921) ![]() ![]() |
an early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar Tank[98][157] | ![]() |
![]() |
Vladimir Zvorykin (1889–1982) ![]() ![]() |
pioneer of television technology Iconoscope, kinescope | ![]() |
![]() |
Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956) ![]() ![]() |
matryoshka doll (together with painter Sergey Malyutin)[158] | ![]() |
See also
References
- ^ Bruno Abdank-Abakanowicz (1886). Les intégraphes (in French). Paris: Gauthier-Villars.
{{cite book}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|chapterurl=
(help) - ^ "Invention of the Aerowagon". What Poll?. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|chapterurl=
(help) - ^ "Mechanical Advantage". Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ^ "404. Page Not Found". Retrieved 23 October 2016.
{{cite web}}
: Cite uses generic title (help) - ^ Adamian in Great Soviet Encyclopedia[dead link] Template:Ru icon
- ^ Alexandrov's biography Template:Ru icon
- ^ Alexandrov's biography Template:Ru icon
- ^ Bendazzi, Giannalberto (1995). Cartoons: One Hundred Years of Cinema Animation. Paris, France: Indiana University Press. ISBN 2-910027-75-9
- ^ Biography of Alexeev Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Low Orbit Helium Assisted Navigator; Lohan; Iss; Nasa; Google; purity, Brexit threatens Cornish pasty's racial; home, Grim-faced 'naut Malenchenko prepares to return; $1m+, One entire US spook base: Yours for. "In search of the Caspian Sea Monster". Retrieved 23 October 2016.
{{cite web}}
:|last5=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 – Information for the Public
- ^ "Zhores I. Alferov - Biographical". Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ^ Altshuller's biography Template:Ru icon
- ^ Vasily Andreyev article on the city site of Bezhetsk Template:Ru icon
- ^ History of balalaika Template:Ru icon
- ^ Antonov's biography Archived 22 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine Template:Ru icon
- ^ Artsimovich's biography Template:Ru icon
- ^ Babakin's Biography Template:Ru icon
- ^ "Biography". 24 December 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ^ Barmin's biography Template:Ru icon
- ^ Basov Nikolay Gennadiyevich Archived 26 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Ernest Beaux, Perfumer -- From 'Bouquet of Napoleon' to 'Chanel No.5' to 'Mademoiselle Chanel No.1' (???)". Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ^ БЕХТЕРЕВА МИКСТУРА (MixturaBechtereva) at medicinelib.ru Archived 15 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Template:Ru icon
- ^ Biography of Bernardos by A. A. Chekanov Archived 30 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine Template:Ru icon
- ^ a b Bereznyak-Isayev BI Template:Ru icon
- ^ Beriev's biography Template:Ru icon
- ^ The inventor of tractor Template:Ru icon
- ^ Our armor is strong and our tanks are fast and our people are full of courage Template:Ru icon
- ^ "Our History - Just Born - PA Candy Manufacturer". Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ^ "Helicopter Development in the Early Twentieth Century" Archived 5 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. centennialofflight.gov. Accessed 10 May 2010.
- ^ "BBC NEWS - Business - Profile: The Google founders". Retrieved 23 October 2016.
- ^ Вестник Регистра морского судоходства России[permanent dead link] Template:Ru icon
- ^ Russian Virtual Computer Museum – Hall of Fame – Nikolay Petrovich Brusentsov. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
- ^ Academician Gersh Itckovich Budker Template:Ru icon
- ^ a b The brief history of particle accelerators Template:Ru icon
- ^ Read, J. (1935), Text-Book of Organic Chemistry, London: G Bell & Sons.
- ^ The history of Chelomey's OKB Template:Ru icon
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