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The Dutch SPAR is a member of [[Superunie]], an inventory purchasing organization for a number of otherwise unaffiliated supermarket brands.{{Citation needed|date=January 2016}}
The Dutch SPAR is a member of [[Superunie]], an inventory purchasing organization for a number of otherwise unaffiliated supermarket brands.{{Citation needed|date=January 2016}}


In July 2014 SPAR Group South Africa opened its first supermarket in Angola. In August 2014 the group acquired 80% of the BWG Group, which had outlets in Ireland and southwest England.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mark Allix |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/business/retail/2014/08/12/spar-buys-stake-in-irish-supermarkets |title=Spar buys stake in Irish supermarkets |publisher=BusinessLIVE |date=12 August 2014 |accessdate=25 February 2015}}{{Dead link|date=December 2017}}</ref>
In July 2014 SPAR Group South Africa opened its first supermarket in Angola. In August 2014 the group acquired 80% of the BWG Group, which had outlets in Ireland and southwest England.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mark Allix |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/business/retail/2014/08/12/spar-buys-stake-in-irish-supermarkets |title=Spar buys stake in Irish supermarkets |publisher=BusinessLIVE |date=12 August 2014 |accessdate=25 February 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026214602/http://www.bdlive.co.za/business/retail/2014/08/12/spar-buys-stake-in-irish-supermarkets |archivedate=26 October 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>


In 2015 [[Ahold]] bought all [[Czech Republic|Czech]] stores and converted them into [[Albert (supermarket)|Albert]] super- and hypermarkets, however it had to get rid of some stores in order not to have a [[monopoly]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2016}}
In 2015 [[Ahold]] bought all [[Czech Republic|Czech]] stores and converted them into [[Albert (supermarket)|Albert]] super- and hypermarkets, however it had to get rid of some stores in order not to have a [[monopoly]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Revision as of 20:32, 20 December 2017

"SPAR" redirects here. For other uses, see Spar (disambiguation).

SPAR
Company typePublic
IndustryRetail
Founded1932; 92 years ago (1932)
Headquarters
Amsterdam
,
Netherlands
ProductsGrocery stores, convenience stores, discount stores, hypermarkets and more
RevenueIncrease €33 billion (2015) [1]
Websitewww.spar-international.com
Spar store in City Tower, Manchester, United Kingdom

Spar, trademarked as SPAR, is an international group of independently owned and operated retailers and wholesalers who work together in partnership under the SPAR Brand[2] and franchise brand with approximately 12,500 stores in 42 countries worldwide. It was founded in 1932 by Adriaan van Well. Through its affiliate organisations, Spar operates in most European countries, parts of Africa, Asia and Oceania.[3] Its headquarters are in Amsterdam.[4]

Etymology

The name was originally DE SPAR, an acronym of the Dutch phrase Door Eendrachtig Samenwerken Profiteren Allen Regelmatig[note 1] (English: through united co-operation everyone regularly profits). The acronym was chosen in order to resonate with the verb "spar" or "spaar" which means "save [money]" in some languages, among them Dutch, German,[5] and Scandinavian languages. As the organisation expanded across Europe, the name was abbreviated by dropping the "DE" prefix.[citation needed] There are some international naming variants:

  • In Italy, the name is still Despar, though in keeping with the international branding, the "Spar" section of the logo is highlighted, and the larger stores are still called Eurospar and Interspar. In Austria, Despar is Spar's Italian food store brand.[6]
  • In Japan, some stores operate under the name Hotspar, although the store logo colouring remains unchanged.[citation needed]
  • In China, the name is 家家悦 (pinyin: jiā jiā yuè; lit. 'every family is pleased'), though the international branding is kept unchanged, with the Chinese name typically printed above.[citation needed]

History

SPAR store in Moerkapelle, Netherlands

SPAR was founded in 1932 in the South Holland town of Zegwaart (now Zoetermeer). In 1953 an International Spar office opened in Amsterdam to control and further develop the organisation throughout Europe and other continents. Most Spar stores are in Europe, but they can also be found in a few countries outside of Europe, such as Oman, Nigeria, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Swaziland, Australia,[7] Mauritius, China, India, Japan, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Greenland[8] and Angola.

A SPAR store may be owned independently, by a franchisee, or be part of a chain, depending on the model applied in any given country. The owners of the parent company vary from country to country and may include the store owners themselves. The name and the current logo was most recently revised in 1968 by Raymond Loewy and has remained unchanged ever since.[9]

Spar

In the United Kingdom Spar has become known primarily as a convenience store, although in Northern Ireland Spar operates using the subformat Eurospar as well. The company also has a large presence in the Republic of Ireland where it also uses the Eurospar subformat. Spar opened in the Republic of Vanuatu on 1 December 2009, ending Au Bon Marché's grocery monopoly.[citation needed]

Since 1996, the company has been a major sponsor of the European Athletic Association and its events.[10]

In 1997, SPAR was introduced to most United Kingdom military bases by the Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes (Naafi), where it sells a variety of civilian and military products.[11]

The Dutch SPAR is a member of Superunie, an inventory purchasing organization for a number of otherwise unaffiliated supermarket brands.[citation needed]

In July 2014 SPAR Group South Africa opened its first supermarket in Angola. In August 2014 the group acquired 80% of the BWG Group, which had outlets in Ireland and southwest England.[12]

In 2015 Ahold bought all Czech stores and converted them into Albert super- and hypermarkets, however it had to get rid of some stores in order not to have a monopoly.[citation needed]

The first SPAR store in Oman was inaugurated in January 2015 in Muscat.[citation needed] SPAR Oman plans to open more stores in the coming months as part of its expansion plans in Oman.[citation needed]

In March 2015 the first three stores in Indonesia were opened.[citation needed] Twelve stores are planned to open in the country by the end of 2015.[citation needed]

Store types

Spar store in Laiwu, China

In most, but not all countries, SPAR operates stores of different types and sub-brands.[13]

Interspar store in Hungary
EuroSPAR/SuperSPAR

The Eurospar name is used in Europe and Superspar in South Africa. These are mid-sized supermarkets. They are designed to fit in a niche between convenience stores and traditional supermarkets.[14]

InterSPAR

These are hypermarkets and compete directly against major international chains such as Real, Carrefour, and Tesco.[15][16]

SPAR Express
A filling station with a Spar Express store in Wattens, Austria

This is the smallest type of store. They are designed for small sites and filling station forecourts. They are called Kwikspar in South Africa.[17]

SPAR Drive-Thru

There was a Drive-Thru Spar on the Cliftonville Road in Belfast, Northern Ireland. This has now been converted to a Centra Store, and retained the Drive-Thru for a while afterhand, but now no longer has one.[18]

SPAR Gourmet

Some small Spar stores in Austria are called Spar Gourmet, since the Austrian Spar Group took over the supermarket chains Julius Meinl in 2000. The standard range is extended to local and global delicacies.[19]

International statistics (2014)

Country Sales (in millions)[20] No. of stores[20] Sales area (m²)[20] Sales per area Average store
size (m²)[20] 		Year Nationwide owner
Angola Angola €6.6 1 1,200 €5,465/m² 1,200 2014 The SPAR Group Ltd.
Australia Australia €178.8 128 43,250 €4,134/m² 338 1994 SPAR Australia
Austria Austria €5,910.- 1,539 1,089,677 €5,424/m² 708 1954 SPAR Austria Group[21]
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan 2015 AZretail MMC
Belgium Belgium €887.2 281 141,799 €6,257/m² 505 1947 Colruyt and Lambrechts
Belarus Belarus 2 3870 2017 Unifood
Botswana Botswana €117.5 28 28,793 €4,083/m² 1,028 2004 The SPAR Group Ltd.
Cameroon Cameroon 2015 SPAR Cameroon
China China €1,786.- 395 955,833 €1,869/m² 3,197 2004 SPAR China
Croatia Croatia €317.9 50 87,384 €3,638/m² 1,748 2004 SPAR Austria Group[21]
Denmark Denmark €868.8 198 141,821 €6,126/m² 716 1954 SPAR Denmark
France France €964.3 937 245,166 €3,933/m² 262 1955 Casino
Georgia (country) Georgia €4.6 6 1,032 €4,442/m² 172 2014 Foodmart
Germany Germany €310.- 425 34,799 €8,908/m² 82 1953 Edeka
Greece Greece €525.6 184 141,107 €3,725/m² 767 1969 Veropoulos
Hungary Hungary €1,584.0 493 408,368 €3,805/m² 828 1992 SPAR Austria Group[21]
India India €35.6 16 71,522 €0,498/m² 4,470 2014 Max Hypermarkets
Indonesia Indonesia 18 2015 Ramayana Lestari Sentosa
Republic of Ireland Ireland €1,101.2 424 112,742 €9,767/m² 266 1963 BWG Foods
Italy Italy €3,119.4 1,385 790,969 €3,944/m² 571 1959 SPAR Austria Group[21]
Japan Japan €48.4 74 8,173 €5,922/m² 110 1997 Hokkaido SPAR
Malawi Malawi €1.5 1 1,650 €0,885/m² 1,650 2014 SPAR Malawi
Mauritius Mauritius €21.0 6 5,700 €3,676/m² 950 2000 Casino
Mozambique Mozambique €40.3 3 6,451 €6,243/m² 2,150 2012 The SPAR Group Ltd.
Namibia Namibia €132.1 28 30,517 €4,327/m² 1,090 2004 The SPAR Group Ltd.
Netherlands Netherlands €431.6 244 98,506 €4,382/m² 404 1932 SPAR Holding B.V.
Nigeria Nigeria €64.0 6 7,826 €8,175/m² 1,304 2009 SPAR Nigeria
Norway Norway €1,494.0 265 153,194 €9,752/m² 578 1984 NorgesGruppen
Oman Oman € 6.319 3 2015 Khimji Ramdas
Poland Poland €154.0 186 48,229 €3,192/m² 259 1995 SPAR Polska
Portugal Portugal €66.9 96 31,581 €2,118/m² 329 2006 Novo Retalho
Qatar Qatar 2016 Qatar National Import and Export Co.
Russia Russia €1,443.7 420 285,199 €5,062/m² 679 2000 SPAR Russia
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 2016 SPAR Saudi Arabia
Slovenia Slovenia €729.6 100 146,873 €4,967/m² 1,596 1992 SPAR Austria Group[21]
South Africa South Africa €4,255.- 821 933,886 €4,556/m² 1,137 1963 The SPAR Group Ltd.
Spain Spain €1,312.5 1,146 436,538 €3,007/m² 381 1959 SPAR Española
Switzerland Switzerland €498.9 181 74,228 €6,721/m² 410 1989 SPAR Handels AG
Ukraine Ukraine €12.2 11 7,700 €1,584/m² 700 2001 SPAR Luhansk
SPAR Kharkiv
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates €54.5 4 6,200 €8,788/m² 1,550 2011 SPAR United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom United Kingdom €3,193.2 2,352 350,240 €9,117/m² 149 1956 SPAR UK
Zambia Zambia €79.1 15 26,974 €2,933/m² 1,798 2003 SPAR Zambia
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe €156.5 43 30,381 €5,150/m² 707 1969

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Dutch pronunciation: [doːr eːnˈdrɑxtɪx ˈsaːmə(n)ʋɛrkə(n) proːfiˈteːrə(n) ˈɑlə(n) reːɣəlˈmaːtəx]

References

  1. ^ "Spar International Annual Report 2015" (PDF). SPAR International. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  2. ^ "About SPAR". SPAR International. Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  3. ^ "SPAR Countries". SPAR International. Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  4. ^ "Contact Information - SPAR". SPAR International. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  5. ^ "Englisch-Deutsch Wörterbuch". LEO. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  6. ^ "DESPAR" (in German). SPAR Österreich. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  7. ^ "SPAR Australia opens first Vanuatu store: AUS". Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2016.[failed verification]
  8. ^ "Cool Nordic". YouTube. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  9. ^ "SPAR". Raymond Loewy Foundation. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  10. ^ "Athletics, Sprints & Sports Days". SPAR. Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  11. ^ [1][dead link]
  12. ^ Mark Allix (12 August 2014). "Spar buys stake in Irish supermarkets". BusinessLIVE. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Eric Pfanner (12 November 2004). "An international grocery giant is emerging from the shadows". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  14. ^ "Store formats". Spar International. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  15. ^ Ians (28 January 2011). "SPAR to open 24 more hypermarkets in next two years". Sify. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  16. ^ Sedlák, Lubomír (3 February 2011). "CZECH: Spar looks to expand supermarket chain". just-food. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  17. ^ "Store formats". Spar South Africa. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  18. ^ "Inquiry into Town Centre Regeneration". Northern Ireland Assembly Archive Site. 20 October 2009. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  19. ^ "Chronologie: Von Konsum bis Rewe". Derstandard.at. 24 February 2008. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  20. ^ a b c d "Spar International Annual Report 2014" (PDF). SPAR International. Wayback Machine. 28 April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  21. ^ a b c d e "ASPIAG Countries". ASPIAG Austria SPAR International. Retrieved 9 April 2016.

Media related to SPAR (category) at Wikimedia Commons

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