List of copyright terms of countries: Difference between revisions

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Copyright is the right to copy and publish a particular work. The terms "copy" and "publish" are quite broad. They also cover copying in electronic form, the making of translated versions, the creation of a television program based on the work, and putting the work on the Internet.

Copyright protection is automatic upon creation of the work. In some countries, registration with a Copyright Office has some benefits (like the ability to sue, or to receive more money in damages).

This is a list of countries and their copyright terms, the lengths of their standard copyrights, in years. When a work's copyright term ends, the work passes into the public domain.

The list also includes entries for non-country entities: the European Union, Berne Convention, and the Universal Copyright Convention, which set minimum terms for their member states or signatories. The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), though not included, requires a copyright length of at least 50 years after death.

The Berne Convention stipulates that the duration of the term for copyright protection is the life of the author plus at least 50 years after their death. For some categories of works, the minimum duration is shorter. For example, the minimum term for applied art is 25 years. Movies have a minimum term of 50 years. Countries may choose a longer term of protection, and most countries have done so.

The member states of the European Union have, following an EC directive, increased the term to life of the author and 70 years after his death. Although this was not the original intention, this extension applies retroactively. Works that had ended up in the public domain because the author was dead for 50 years now received an additional twenty years of protection.

Most European countries, on the other hand, follow the principle that copyright protection is granted automatically upon creation of the work. This principle was first laid down in the Berne Convention (1886). The Berne Convention specifically forbids (in article 5) that a member country can require any formality for getting copyright protection.

In 1989, the Berne Convention became effective in the U.S., and from that moment on also U.S. authors automatically obtained copyright on their works. However, many U.S. texts on copyright still echo the old registration principle, which can be very confusing at times.

To confuse matters even more, the requirement for registration has not been abolished completely. To start a lawsuit against infringers, it is still necessary to register the work. Further, registration offers the possibility to obtain statutory damages, rather than only the actual damages from the infringer.

In most countries, the duration of copyright is dependent on the duration of the author's life. After he dies, his estate can exercise the copyright for at least 50 more years. In many countries, the term is even longer: 70 years after the author's death.

A work is protected by copyright if it is a literary or artistic work. This is quite a broad expression, and almost all products of creative and original effort are copyrighted. Note that copyright protects only specific expressions of an idea, not the idea itself.

A collection of facts may be copyrighted, assuming there is some creative activity involved in compiling the collection. Several countries provide a separate protection regime for collections of facts that qualify as "databases", but this regime has nothing to do with copyright.

Legend

0, no copyright = Not copyrighted
Life + xx years = Copyrighted for authors' lifetime plus xx years after their deaths
xx years after publication, creation, etc. = copyrighted for xx years since publication, creation, etc., of works
Until year end = Copyrighted until the end of a calendar year, i.e. December 31, unless otherwise specified
Berne = Country has signed the Berne Convention, see Berne in the "Countries, ..." column
TRIPS = The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP) regulation as applied to nationals of other WTO Members.This also indicates that this country has at least a minimum of 50 years after the death of the creator til the copyright expires.
WCT = The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty, (WIPO Copyright Treaty or WCT), is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 1996.

Table of copyright durations by country

Countries, areas, and entities	Copyright terms based on authors' deaths^[a]	Copyright terms based on publication and creation dates^[a]	Until year end?
Afghanistan	Life + 50 years^[1]	50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)^[1] 50 years from publication (published after authors' deaths)^[1] 50 years from publication (audiovisual works)^[1] 50 years from publication (photographic, painting works)^[1] 50 years from creation (phonogram)^[1]	Yes (Afghan calendar)^[1]
Albania	Life + 70 years^[2]^{: Art. 17}	70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)^[2]^{: Art. 18} 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (photographic or audiovisual work of joint authorship)^[3] 25 years from production (works of applied art)^[2]^{: Art. 20}	Yes^[2]^{: Art. 21}
Algeria	Life + 50 years (except posthumous work)^[4]^{: Art. 54}	50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (collective work, anonymous or pseudonymous work, audiovisual work, posthumous work)^[4]^{: Arts. 56–58, 60} 50 years from creation (photographs or the work of applied art^[4]^{: Art. 59}	Yes^[4]^{: Arts. 54, 56–58, 60}
Andorra	Life + 70 years^[b]^[5]^{: Art. 18(1), (4)}	70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (collective work with unknown authorship)^[5]^{: Art. 18(3)} 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)^[5]^{: Art. 18(5)}	Yes^[5]^{: Art. 18(8)}
Angola	Life + 50 years^[6] Life + 25 years (photographic works or applied arts)^[6]		Yes^[6]
Anguilla	Life + 50 years^[7]	50 years from the death of the author, of the last surviving author for works with more than one author.^[7]
Antigua and Barbuda	Life + 50 years^[8]^[9]^{: s. 10(1)}	50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work, computer generated work, sound recording or film)^[9]^{: s. 10(2), (4), 11(1)} 50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service^[9]^{: s. 12(1)} 25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)^[9]^{: s. 13}	Yes^[9]^{: s. 10(1), 10(2), (4), 11(1), 12(1), 13}
Argentina	Life + 70 years^[10]^{: Art. 5}	50 years from publication (anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons)^[10]^{: Art. 8} Phonograms: 70 years from first publication.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] Photographs: 20 years from first publication.^[15] Cinematographic works: 50 years after death of the last survivor among the producer, the director, the screenplay writer or the composer (for musical comedies).^[15]	Yes^[10]^{: Art. 5}
Armenia	Life + 70 years^[16]^{: Art. 37}	70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)^[16]^{: Art. 37}	Yes^[16]^{: Art. 37}
Aruba	Life + 50 years^[17]^(wikisource)
Australia (including external territories)	Life + 70 years^[18]^{: s. 33} [Life + 50 years (death before 1955)]^[19]	70 years from publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films)^[18]^{: s. 93, 94} 50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)^[18]^{: s. 95} 25 years from publication (published editions of works)^[18]^{: s. 96} [50 years from publication (photographs, no longer applicable since 1 January 2005)]^[19]	Yes^[18]^{: ss. 93–96}^[19]
Austria	Life + 70 years^[c]^[20]^{: § 60, 62}^[21]	70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work)^[20]^{: § 61}	Yes^[20]^{: § 64}
Azerbaijan	Life + 50 years (except posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)^[22]^{: Art. 25(1), (2)}	50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work; posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)^[22]^{: Art. 25(2), 26(1), (3)}	Yes^[22]^{: Art. 25(1), (2), 26(1), (3)}
Bahamas	Berne (The Berne Convention states that all works except photographic and cinematographic shall be copyrighted for at least 50 years after the author's death, but parties are free to provide longer terms)
Bahrain	Life + 50 calendar years (except posthumous work)^[23]^{: Art. 31(1)}	50 calendar years from publication (cinematographic films, applied arts works and photographs; anonymous or pseudonymous works; corporate works; posthumous works)^[23]^{: Art. 31(2)(a–d)} 40 years from publication or 50 years from completion, whichever is earlier (computer software)^[23]^{: Art. 31(3)}
Bangladesh	Life + 50 years
Barbados	Life + 50 years^[24]^[25]^{: s. 10(1)}	50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)^[25]^{: s. 10(3)} 50 years from making (computer-generated work)^[25]^{: s. 10(4)} 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (sound recordings and films)^[25]^{: s. 11} 50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service^[25]^{: s. 12} 25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)^[25]^{: s. 13}	Yes^[25]^{: ss. 10–13}
Belarus	Life + 50 years^[26]^{: Art. 22(1)}	50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous or pseudonymous works)^[26]^{: Art. 22(2)} 50 years from fixation (performance)^[26]^{: Art. 38(1)} 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from fixation (phonogram)^[26]^{: Art. 38(2)} 50 years from the first broadcast or cable transmission^[26]^{: Art. 38(3)}	Yes^[26]^{: Arts. 22(4), 38(4)}
Belgium	Life + 70 years^[27]
Belize	Life + 50 years^[28]	50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)^[28] 50 years from publication (sound recording or film)^[28] 50 years from publication (computer-generated work)^[28]	Yes
Benin	Life + 50 years
Bermuda	Life + 50 years^[29]
Berne Convention signatories	Life + 50 years^[30] Signatories may grant longer terms.^[31]	50 years from publication or if not shown 50 years from creation (cinematographic works)^[32] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)^[33] 25 years from creation (photographic works)^[34] Signatories may grant longer terms.^[31]	Yes^[35]
Bhutan	Life + 50 years^[36]
Bolivia	Life + 50 years^[37]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Life + 70 years^[38]
Botswana	Berne, TRIPS, WCT^[39]
Brazil	Life + 70 years^[40]^{: art. 41}	70 years from disclosure (audiovisual and photographic works)^[40]^{: art. 44}	Yes^[40]^{: arts. 41, 44}
British Indian Ocean Territory	unknown
British Virgin Islands	unknown
Brunei	Life + 50 years^[41]
Bulgaria	Life + 70 years (EU)^[42]
Burkina Faso	Life + 70 years^[43]
Burundi	Life + 50 years ^[44]	50 years from publication (phonograms)^[44]
Cambodia	Life + 50 years^[45]
Cameroon	Life + 50 years^[46]
Canada	Life + 50 years^[47]^[48]	50 years from publication or 75 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works).^[47] 70 years from date of publication (sound recordings and performances)^[49]^[50]	Yes^[47]
Cape Verde	Life + 50 years^[3]
Cayman Islands	unknown
Central African Republic	Berne, TRIPS
Chad	Berne, TRIPS
Chile	Life + 70 years^[51]
China, People's Republic of (Mainland only)	Life + 50 years (citizens' works)^[52]^{: para. 1}	50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (works of legal entities, cinematographic works, films or photographic works)^[52]^{: paras. 2–3}	Yes^[52]
Colombia	Life + 80 years^[53]^{: Art. 21}	80 years from publication (cinematographic works)^[53]^{: Art. 37}	Yes^[53]^{: Art. 28}
Comoros	Berne
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	Berne, TRIPS
Congo, Republic of the	Life + 50 years^[54]
Costa Rica	Life + 70 years^[55]
Côte d'Ivoire	Life + 99 years (except posthumous works published within this period)^[56]^{: Art. 45(1)}	99 years from publication (photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art; anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous works)^[56]^{: Art. 45(3)(a–c)}	Yes^[56]^{: Art. 45}
Croatia	Life + 70 years^[57]
Cuba	Life + 50 years
Curaçao	Life + 50 years^[58]
Cyprus	Life + 70 years (EU, WCT)^[59]
Czech Republic	Life + 70 years^[60]^{: Art. 27(1)}	70 years from publication (anonymous works)^[60]^{: Art. 27(3)}	Yes^[60]^{: Art. 27(7)}
Denmark	Life + 70 years^[61]^[d]
Djibouti	Life + 50 years (Djibouti Copyright Law No. 154/AN/06 of July 23, 2006)^[63]^{: Art. 59}	25 years from publication or if unpublished 25 years from completion (film)^[63]^{: Art. 62} 25 years from completion (a photographic work or a work of applied art)^[63]^{: Art. 63}	Yes^[63]^{: Art. 65}
Dominica	Life + 70 years^[64]
Dominican Republic	Life + 50 years^[65]
Ecuador	Life + 70 years^[66]
Egypt	Life + 50 years^[67]
El Salvador	Life + 50 years^[68]
Equatorial Guinea	Berne
Eritrea	Life + 0 years but at least 50 years since publication, whichever is longer (except posthumous works)^[69]^{: Art. 1653, 1670}	50 years since publication (posthumous works)^[69]^{: Art. 1672}
Estonia	Life + 70 years (EU)^[70]^{: § 38(1)}	70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)^[70]^{: § 40}	Yes^[70]^{: § 43}
Ethiopia	Life + 50 years^[71]
European Union Members	Life + 70 years^[72]^{: Art. 1 (1)}	70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation (anonymous works. The terms "shall be calculated from the first day of January of the year following the event which gives rise to them"(art.3).)^[72]^{: Art. 1 (3), (6)}	Yes^[72]^{: Art. 8 (1)}
Fiji	Life + 50 years^[73]
Finland	Life + 70 years^[74]	50 years from publication (sound recordings, television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)^[75]^{: Arts. 46, 48} 50 years from creation (photographic works)^[75]^{: Art. 49a}	Yes^[75]^{: Art. 43}
France	Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published after this term)^[e]^[76]^{: Arts. L123-1, L123-2} The following additions to copyright term formerly applied to all works, but the French Cour de Cassation has found them to be superseded by later copyright treaties, thus limiting the copyright term to life + 70 years total, at least for non-musical works of authors who did not "die for France".^[77] + 6 years 152 days for musical work published through 1920^[76]^{: Art. L123-8} + 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through 1947^[76]^{: Art. L123-9} + 30 years for all works if the author died on active service^[76]^{: Art. L123-10}	70 years from publication (pseudonymous, anonymous or collective works)^[76]^{: Art. L123-3} 25 years from publication (posthumous works published after Art. L123-1 term)^[76]^: L123-4	Yes^[76]^{: Arts. L123-1, L123-3, L123-4, but not Arts. L123-8 or L123-9}
Gabon	Berne, TRIPS, WCT
Gambia	Life + 50 years^[78]
Georgia	Life + 70 years^[79]
Germany	Life + 70 years^[80]	25 years from first publication or first public performance if copyright has expired before such publication or performance, or if the work has never been protected in Germany and the author died more than 70 years before the first publication^[81]	Yes^[82]
Ghana	Life + 70 years^[83]
Greece	Life + 70 years^[f]^[84]^{: Arts. 29, 31(3)}	70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)^[84]^{: Art. 31(1)}	Yes^[84]^{: Arts. 29, 31}
Grenada	Berne, TRIPS^[85]
Guatemala	Life + 75 years^[86]^{: Art. 43}	75 years from publication or if unpublished 75 years from creation (computer programs and collective works; anonymous or pseudonymous works; audiovisual works)^[86]^{: Arts. 44, 45, 47}	Yes^[86]^{: Art. 48}
Guinea	TRIPS, WCT
Guinea-Bissau	Berne, TRIPS
Guyana	Life + 50 years^[87]
Haiti	Berne, TRIPS^[88]
Honduras	Life + 75 years^[89]	70 years from publication or, if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works of applied art and photographs)^[90]	Yes^[90]
Hong Kong^[g]	Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with known authorship)^[91]^{: s. 17(2)} Life + 50 years (films)^[91]^{: s. 19}^[h]	50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with unknown authorship)^[91]^{: s. 17(3)} 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recordings)^[92]^{: s. 18} 50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service^[92]^{: s. 20} 25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of published editions)^[92]^{: s. 21}	Yes^[92]^{: s. 17, 18, 20, 21}
Hungary	Life + 70 years^[93]^{: s. 31(1)(2)} If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years^[93]^{: s. 31(4)}	70 years and shall be counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of the work in case the person of the author is unknown. However, should the author become known during this period of time, the term of protection shall be counted as the person of the author would have been known.^[93]^{: s. 31(3)} 70 years counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of a collective work or a cinematographic creation.^[93]^{: s. 31(5)(6)} 25 years from the first day of the year following the first disclosure if copyright protection of a scope consistent with the author's economic rights shall be due to the person who, following the expiration of the term of protection or the period of time determined in the term of protection shall be counted from a date other than the first day of the year following the death of the author, the author dying last, or the joint author, discloses according to the law a work previously not disclosed to the public.^[93]^{: s. 31(7), 32}	Yes^[93]^{: s. 31(2)}
Iceland	Life + 70 years^[94]
India^[95]	Life + 60 years (except posthumous works)^[i]^[96]^{: s. 22}	60 years from publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, works of public undertakings, and works of international organisations)^[96]^{: ss. 24–27, 28A, 29}	Yes^[96]^{: ss. 22, 24–27, 28A, 29}
Indonesia	50 years after Publication, Life+70 years^[97]	70 years the duration of copyright protection to the author's death for books, musics, etc. 50 years after publication for cinematography, photograph, etc. ^[97]
Iran	Life + 50 years^[98]	30 years from publication (photographic or cinematographic works)^[99]
Iraq	Life + 50 years^[100]	5 years from publication (photographic works)^[101]
Ireland	Life + 70 years^[102]		Yes
Israel	Life + 70 years^[103]	50 years from publication (photographs created till May 2007)^[104]	Yes^[105]
Italy	Life + 70 years [Life + 50 years]^[106]^{: Art. 25}	70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)^[106]^{: Art. 27} 20 years from publication (copyright of State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character)	Yes^[106]^{: s. 25, s. 32ter}
Jamaica^[107]	Life + 95 years [Life + 50 years]^[108]^{: s. 10(1)}	95 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, work for hire)^[108]^{: s. 10(2), s. 13A} 95 years from creation (computer-generated work, broadcast, cable programme)^[108]^{: s. 10(4), 12(1)} 95 years from publication or if unpublished 95 years from creation (sound recording or film)^[108]^{: s. 11} 50 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)^[108]^{: s. 13}	Yes^[108]^{: s. 10, 11, 12, 13}
Japan	Life + 50 years^[109]^{: Art. 51(2)}	70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation (cinematographic works)^[109]^{: Art. 54(1)} 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (works of a legal person or other corporate body)^[109]^{: Art. 53(1)}	Yes^[109]^{: Art. 57}
Jordan	Life + 50 years^[110]
Kazakhstan	Life + 50 years^[111]
Kenya	Life + 50 years (literary, musical or artistic work other than photographs)^[112]^{: s. 23(2)1}	50 years from the latest of creation or publication (audio-visual works and photographs)^[112]^{: s. 23(2)}	Yes^[112]^{: s. 23}
Kiribati	Life + 50 years^[78]
Kosovo	Life + 70 years^[113]	70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work) 70 years from the death of the last surviving co-author. 70 years after the lawful disclosure of the collective work	Yes
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of	Life + 70 years ^[114]	Works authored by "an institution, enterprise or organization", 50 years from publication^[114]
Korea, Republic of	Life + 50 years^[115]^{: Art. 36}	50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (organizational works)^[115]^{: Art. 38}	Yes^[115]^{: Art. 40}
Kuwait	TRIPS^[116]
Kyrgyzstan	Life + 50 years^[117]
Laos	Life + 50 years.^[j]	50 years after making available. Also: Anonymous/pseudonymous work: 50 years from the date the work was made available to the public; Cinematographic work: 50 years from making available, failing that, 50 years from making; Applied art: 25 years from date of creation. Related: Performances, phonograms, broadcasts: 50 years since the date of performance, fixation, and broadcast, respectively.
Latvia	Life + 70 years^[120]^{: Art. 36} [Life + 50 years]^[121]	70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)^[122]	Yes^[120]^{: Art. 38}
Lebanon	Life + 50 years^[123]	50 years after lawful publication ; failing publication, 50 years after work completion. moral rights : perpetual economic rights: 50 years from performance. moral rights : perpetual. broadcasters' rights: 20 years after first broadcasting.^[124]
Lesotho	Life + 50 years^[78]
Liberia	Life + 50 years^[125]
Libya	Life + 25 years with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since)
Liechtenstein	Life + 70 years [Life + 50 years]^[126]
Lithuania	Life + 70 years [Life + 50 years]^[127]
Luxembourg	Life + 70 years [Life + 50 years]^[128]
Macau^[g]	Life + 50 years^[129]^{: Art. 21(1)}	50 years from publication (anonymous works)^[129]^{: Art. 23} 50 years from publication (audiovisual works)^[129]^{: Art. 106} 25 years from completion (works of applied art and photographic works)^[129]^{: Arts. 148 & 155}	Yes^[129]^{: Art. 21(3)}
Macedonia	Life + 70 years^[130]
Madagascar	Life + 70 years^[131]
Malawi	Life + 50 years^[132]
Malaysia^[133]	Life + 50 years (literary, musical and artistic works, not posthumous)^[134]^{: s. 17(1)}	50 years after publication (posthumous work, published edition, film, live performance)^[134]^{: s. 17(2), s. 18, s. 22, s. 23A} 50 years after publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous, pseudonymous work, sound recording, broadcast, film)^[134]^{: s. 17(3), s. 19} 50 years after being made (broadcast)^[134]^{: s. 20}	Yes^[134]^{: s. 17(2), (3), s. 18, s. 19, s. 20, s. 22, s. 23A}
Maldives	Life + 50 years^[135]
Mali	Life + 50 years^[136]
Malta	Life + 70 years^[137]		Yes^[138]
Marshall Islands	0, no copyright.^[k]^[139]^[140] At this stage the Republic of Marshall Islands is not member to any international convention [or treaty] on copyright^[141]	0, no copyright.^[k]
Mauritania	Berne, TRIPS
Mauritius	Life + 50 years^[142]
Mexico	Life + 100 years (effective 23 July 2003 non-retroactively)^[143] [Life + 75 years (before the law change on 23 July 2003, applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928)]^[144] [Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 January 1994, applicable for deaths before 1 January 1944)]^[145]	75 years from the first fixation of the recording or the first performance/recording of the performance, respectively. 50 years from first publication of the book, the first fixation of the recording, or the first broadcast.
Micronesia	Life + 50 years^[146]
Moldova	Life + 70 years^[147]
Monaco	Life + 50 years^[148]
Mongolia	Life + 50 years^[149]
Montenegro^[l]	Life + 70 years^[150]
Morocco	Life + 50 years^[151]	70 years after a work’s lawful publication; if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work’s communication to the public; if no lawful communication to the public has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work is made; and moral rights last perpetually. 70 years for Performers’ rights, if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the performance, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work’s first performance. 70 years for Broadcasters’ rights: if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the work’s creation, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work’s creation.^[152]
Mozambique	Life + 70 years^[153]
Myanmar	TRIPS
Namibia	Life + 50 years (except posthumous works)^[154]^{: s. 3(2)(a)}	50 years from publication (posthumous works)^[154]^{: s. 3(2)(a)} 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematograph films, photographs and computer programs)^[154]^{: s. 3(2)(b)}	Yes^[154]^{: s. 3}
Nauru	Life + 50 years^[155]^[156]^{: s. 2(3), s. 3(4)}	50 years after publication (sound recordings,^[155]^[156]^{: s. 12(3)} cinematograph films^[155]^[156]^{: s. 13(3)(b)} (except for newsreels, or if registered under the Cinematograph Films Act 1938),^[155]^[156]^: Second television and sound broadcasts,^[155]^[156]^{: s. 14(2)} photographs,^[155]^[156]^{: s. 3(4)(b)} engravings,^[155]^[156]^{: s. 3(4)(a)} posthumous literary, dramatic and musical works^[155]^[156]^{: s. 2(3)} and anonymous literary, dramatic and musical works)^[155]^[156]^{: Second Schedule} 25 years after publication (published editions of literary, dramatic or musical works)^[155]^[156]^{: s. 15(2)} 50 years after occurrence of event (newsreels)^[155]^[156]^{: s. 13(8)} 50 years after death of last author to die (works of joint authorship)^[155]^[156]^{: Third Schedule}	Yes^[155]^[156]
Nepal	Life + 50 years	25 years from creation (applied art and photographic work)^[157]
Netherlands	Life + 70 years^[158]	70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, corporate works with no listed natural author)^[159] 25 years from publication (works first published more than 70 years after the death of the author)^[160]	Yes^[161]
Caribbean Netherlands	Life + 50 years^[162]
New Zealand	Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work)^[163]^{: s. 22(1)}	50 years from creation (computer-generated work)^[163]^{: s. 22(2)}	Yes^[163]^{: s. 22}
Nicaragua	Life + 70 years^[164]
Niger	Life + 50 years^[165]
Nigeria	Life + 70 years (literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs)^[166]	70 years from publication (literary, musical or non-photograph artistic works in the case of government or a body corporate) 50 years from publication (cinematograph films and photographs) 50 years from publication (sound recordings) 50 years from publication (broadcasts)^[166]	Yes^[166]
Norway	Life + 70 years Life + 15 years, but no less than 50 years after publication ("«simple» photographs")^[167]^[168]	70 years following the year of death of the author. I.e. an author that died in 1940 will have his works protected until January 1, 2011. In a collective or joint work, this is counted from the death of the longest surviving author. For a motion picture, the following are to be considered authors: main director, scriptwriter, dialogue author, and composer of original musical score. 70 years for anonymous works from the year when the work was created. If such an unpublished work, whose copyright has expired, is then later published, the publisher is entitled for a copyright for 25 years from the year of publication^[167] "Norway also has some peculiar laws that protect «simple» photographs. I.e. photographs, such as snapshots, that are below the threshold of originality to merit copyright protection are given neighbouring rights protection. [..] The Norwegian copyright act does not address public domain directly. The Norwegian copyright law defines two basic rights for authors: economic rights and moral rights. [..] For material that is outside the scope of copyright, the phrase «i det fri» («in the free») is used. This corresponds roughly to the term «public domain» in English. Norwegian copyright law makes a distinction between copyright and neighbouring rights. Only creative and artistic works are subject to copyright. Some other types of works are protected by so‐called neighbouring rights."^[167]	Yes^[168]
Oman	Life + 70 years^[169]	90 years from the year following the publication 120 years from the year following the completion^[170]	Yes
Pakistan	Life + 50 years^[171]		Yes^[171]
Palau	Life + 50 years^[172]
Panama	Life + 50 years^[173]
Papua New Guinea	Life + 50 years^[174]
Paraguay	Life + 70 years^[175]
Peru	Life + 70 years^[176]
Philippines	Life + 50 years^[177]^{: s. 213.1}	50 years from publication (photographic works), or 50 years from creation if unpublished within 50 years of creation^[177]^{: s. 213.5}	Yes^[177]^{: s. 214}
Poland	Life + 70 years^[178]
Portugal	Life + 70 years [Life + 50 years]^[179]
Qatar	Life + 50 years^[180]
Romania	Life + 70 years^[181]
Russia	Life + 70 years^[182] Life + 74 years (for those who fought in or worked during the war of 1941–45) Date of rehabilitation + 70 (74) years (for unlawfully prosecuted and posthumously rehabilitated) Protection applies if copyright term of Life + 50 years (or Life + 54 years) did not expire by 1 January 1993.^[183]	50 years from publication (radio and television broadcasts)^[184] 50 years from creation if unpublished, or 50 years from publication (sound records)^[185] 70 years from publication (anonymous works)^[182] 70 years from publication if published within 70 years from death (posthumous publication) 70 years from publication if published before 3 August 1993 by a corporation (cinematographic, television, radio works, print periodicals and compilations).^[183] Protection term applies to "the whole work" only, i.e. individual authors of each protectable part of the whole work retain their own copyright^[186] All copyrights to works published prior to October Revolution (7 November 1917) are believed to be uncopyrighted.
Rwanda	Berne, TRIPS
Saint Helena	Life + 50 years
St. Kitts and Nevis	Life + 50 years^[78]
St. Lucia	Life + 50 years^[187]
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	Life + 75 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work)^[188]	75 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recording or film)^[188]^{: s. 9(1)} 50 years from creation (computer-generated work)^[188]^{: s. 8(4)} 50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service^[188]^{: s. 10(1)}	Yes^[188]^{: ss. 8–10}
Samoa	Life + 75 years^[189]
San Marino	Life + 50 years^[190]
São Tomé and Príncipe	unknown
Saudi Arabia	Life + 50 years^[191]
Senegal	Life + 70 years^[192]
Serbia^[m]	Life + 70 years^[150]
Seychelles	Life + 50 years^[193]	50 years from publication (audio-visual works)^[193]^{: s. 9(1)(ii), (v)} 25 years from creation (applied art)^[193]^{: s. 9(1)(iv)}	Yes^[193]^{: s. 9(1)}
Sierra Leone	Life + 50 years^[194]^{: s. 21}	50 years from publication (photograph, film, or broadcast)^[194]^{: s. 25} 50 years from creation (sound recording)^[194]^{: s. 23}
Singapore^[195]	Life + 70 years (except posthumous work)^[196]^[197]^{: s. 28(2)}	70 years from publication (posthumous work, photograph)^[197]^{: s. 28(3), (6)} 70 years from publication (sound recordings and cinematograph films)^[197]^{: s. 92, 93} 50 years after making (television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, cable programmes)^[197]^{: s. 94, 95} 25 years from publication (published editions of works)^[197]^{: s. 96}	Yes^[197]^{: ss. 28, 92–96}
Sint Maarten	Life + 50 years^[58]
Slovakia	Life + 70 years^[198]
Slovenia	Life + 70 years^[199]
Solomon Islands	Life + 50 years^[200]
Somalia	unknown
South Africa	Life + 50 years (literary or musical works or artistic works, other than photographs)^[201]^{: s. 3(2)(a)}	50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematography films, photographs, computer programs)^[201]^{: s. 3(2)(b)} 50 years from publication (sound recordings; broadcasts; programme-carrying signals; and published editions)^[201]^{: s. 3(2)(c)}	Yes^[201]^{: s. 3}
Spain	Life + 70 years [Life + 80 years (1879–1987, transitional provision apply^[202]), Life + 60 years (1987–94)]^[203]		Yes^[203]^{: Art. 30}
Sri Lanka	Life + 70 years^[204]	70 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from completion (audiovisual work)^[204] 25 years from publication (applied art)^[204]	Yes^[204]
Sudan	Life + 50 years^[205]^{: s. 13(2)}	25 years from publication (photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works; works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously)^[205]^{: s. 13(3)(a), (c)}
Suriname	Life + 50 years^[206]	50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work) (art. 39)	Yes
Swaziland	Life + 50 years^[207]
Sweden	Life + 70 years^[208]		Yes^[208]
Switzerland	Life + 70 years effective 1 July 1993 non-retroactively, but Life + 50 years for computer programs^[209] [Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 July 1993, applicable for deaths through 1942)]^[210]	50 years after performance (performers' rights)^[211]^{: Art. 39}	Yes^[211]^{: Art. 32}
Syria	Life + 50 years^[212]^{: Art. 22}	10 years from production (photographic, fine arts or plastic arts)^[212]^{: Art. 25}
Taiwan (Republic of China)	Life + 50 years (except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)^[213]^{: Art. 30}	50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)^[213]^{: Art. 32} 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (corporate works; photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances)^[213]^{: Arts. 33, 34} 10 years from publication (posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)^[213]^{: Art. 30}	Yes^[213]^{: Art. 35}
Tajikistan	Berne
Tanzania	Life + 50 years^[214]
Thailand	Life + 50 years^[215]	50 years from publication or 50 years from creation if not published within 50 years from creation
Timor Leste	Life + 50 years^[216]
Togo	Life + 50 years^[217]
Tonga	Life + 50 years^[218]
Trinidad and Tobago	Life + 50 years^[219]
Tunisia	Life + 50 years^[220]	Authors’ rights : economic rights: reproduction right; right of adaptation and translation; public performance right; broadcasting right; right of communication to the public by cable or satellite or any other means; right of communication of a broadcast work in a public place. moral rights: right to claim authorship; right to object modification; right of disclosure; right of withdrawal. Performers' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding performers. Broadcasters' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding broadcasters.^[221]
Turkey	Life + 70 years^[222]
Turkmenistan	Life + 50 years^[223]
Tuvalu	Life + 50 years^[78]
Uganda	TRIPS
Ukraine	Life + 70 years [Life + 50 years (1994–2001)]^[224]	70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work) 70 years from publication (published within 30 years from authors' deaths)^[224]	Yes^[224]
United Arab Emirates	Life + 50 years^[225]
United Kingdom	Life + 70 years If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years^[226]^{: s. 12} For films, life + 70 years for the last to die of: principal director, author of screenplay, author of dialogue, or composer of music specifically created for and used in the film.^[226]^{: s. 13B}	70 years if the author is unknown 70 years after release; if not released, 70 years after making (sound recordings).^[227] Recordings which entered the public domain prior to January 1, 2013 are not retroactively covered. 50 years from end of calendar year when the broadcast was first made (broadcasts)^[226]^{: s. 14}	Yes^[226]^{: s. 12, 13}
United States^[228]	Life + 70 years (works published since 1978 or unpublished works)^[229]	95 years from publication or 120 years from creation whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978)^[230] 95 years from publication for works published 1964–77; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95 years from publication for works published 1923–63 (Copyrights prior to 1923 have expired, not including copyrights on sound recordings fixed prior to February 15, 1972, covered only under state laws.)^[231]	Yes^[232]
Universal Copyright Convention minimum terms	Life + 25 years (general works)^[233]	25 years from publication (specific works not based on authors' deaths)^[233] 10 years (photographic works or to works of applied art)^[234]
Uruguay	Life + 50 years^[235]
Uzbekistan	Life + 50 years^[236]
Vanuatu	Life + 50 years^[237]	25 years after the work is made (works of applied art)^[237] 50 years after the latest of: the date the work is made, the date the work is made available to the public or the date of first publication (works published anonymously or under a pseudonym, collective works and audiovisual works)^[237] 50 years after the death of the last author to die (works of joint authorship)^[237]	Yes^[237]
Vatican City	Life + 70 years^[238]
Venezuela	Life + 60 years^[239]^{: Art. 25}	60 years from publication; 60 years from creation if unpublished (an audiovisual work, a broadcast work or a computer program)^[239]^{: Art. 37} 60 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)^[239]^{: Art. 27}	Yes^[239]^{: Arts. 25–27}
Vietnam	Berne
Yemen	Life + 30 years	• 10 years from the date of issue from January 1 of the year of issue for photographs; • 25 years from the date of production from January 1 of the production year for motion picture or television film.^[240] After expiry of copyright, the work "may be announced to be the ownership of the State" (emphasis added).^[240]
Zambia	Life + 50 years^[241]
Zimbabwe	Life + 50 years^[242]^[243]^{: s. 5(3), 6(3)(a)}	50 years from publication (photographs)^[243]^{: s. 6(3)(b)} 50 years from creation (Sound recordings)^[243]^{: s. 16(2)} 50 years from publication (cinematograph films, broadcasts)^[243]^{: s. 17(2), s. 18(2)}	Yes^[243]^{: s. 6, 16–18}

Notes

^ ^a ^b
Terms of protection were taken from a variety of sources, including WIPO, UNESCO and the University of Pennsylvania (see External links). Where no more specific information is available for a country, an indication of its probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as:
- a signatory of the Berne Convention ("Berne"); minimum term of life + 50 years, except for photographs.
- a member of the WTO ("TRIPS"); minimum term of life + 50 years.
- a candidate for membership of the European Union ("EU"); term must be life + 70 years before accession.
^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.
^ A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay, the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic work.
^ Examples of protected works are literature, music, theatre, film, the visual arts – including photography, architecture, decorative arts – and computer programmes. It is the expression of the work which is protected – that is to say, the work's singular design or presentation. Copyright applies from the moment of creation of the work. Thus, protection does not depend on any kind of registration.)^[62]
^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue, the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for the work and the main director.
^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.
^ ^a ^b The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under international copyright and trade law
^ Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive: (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.
^ Literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works.
^ The law entered into force January 16, 2012.^[118]^[119]
^ ^a ^b Unauthorized sale or commercial use of sound & audio-visual recordings is prohibited (Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991).
^ Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro. See Serbia also.
^ Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro, which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective 17 June 1930

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^ Auteurswet (Dutch); Art. 37, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995 ^{[dead link]}
^ Auteurswet (Dutch); Art. 38, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995 ^{[dead link]}
^ Copyright Act, 1912, article 45o, part 2
^ "wetten.nl - Regeling - Auteurswet - BWBR0001886". Retrieved 1 February 2017.
^ "Copy right law BES 2010" (in Dutch). Wetten.overheid.nl. 2011-12-13. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c Copyright Act 1994
^ Art. 27, Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (No. 312)
^ Art. 22, Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore
^ ^a ^b ^c Schedule I, Copyright Act (Chapter C.28), 2004
^ ^a ^b ^c Hannemyr, Gisle (11 June 2009). "Copyright, etc. terms in Norway" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2016.
^ ^a ^b s. 40, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961. Relating to copyright in literary, scientific and artistic works, etc., with subsequent amendments, latest of 16 April 1999
^ "Articles 26 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Articles 26-30 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. 2008. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b s. 18, Copyright Ordinance 1962, as amended to year 2000
^ s. 16, Republic of Palau Copyright Act of 2003^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Art. 42, Ley No. 15 de 8 de agosto de 1994
^ s. 17, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Art. 47, Ley No. 1328/98 de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos
^ Art. 52, Decreto legislativo 822 del 23 de abril de 1996
^ ^a ^b ^c Intellectual Property Code Archived 2008-10-30 at the Wayback Machine
^ Art. 36, Law of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, as amended by the Law of 22 July 2000 ^{[dead link]}
^ Art. 31, Code of Copyright and Related Rights Archived 2005-03-27 at archive.today, as amended by Decree Law No. 334/97 of 27 November 1997 ^{[dead link]}
^ s. 15, Law No. 7 of 2002^{[dead link]}
^ Art. 27, Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996
^ ^a ^b "Article 1281 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
^ ^a ^b "Федеральный закон от 18.12.2006 N 231-ФЗ "О введении в действие части четвертой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации" (с изменениями и дополнениями)". Retrieved 1 February 2017.
^ "Article 1330 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
^ "Article 1317 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
^ Civil Code of the RSFSR, Articles 484-487
^ s. 10, Copyright Act, 1995
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Copyright Act, 2003" (PDF). 2003. Retrieved 2012-06-08.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ WIPO (2012-04-02). "Copyright Act 1998". Wipo.int. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
^ Art. 36, Legge n. 8 del 25 gennaio 1991
^ "Royal Decree No: M/41 2nd Rajab 1424 H August 30, 2003" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 23, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Loi 2008-09 du 25-01-2008 sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Copyright Act, 2014
^ ^a ^b ^c Sierra Leone Copyright Act 2011
^ See also the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore factsheet. Archived December 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^ Literary, dramatic or musical work, or in an artistic work other than a photograph
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Singapore Statutes Online - Home". Retrieved 1 February 2017.
^ § 21, Law on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright (Copyright Act) No. 618/2003 Archived 2012-08-05 at archive.today
^ Art. 59, Copyright and Related Rights Act of 30 March 1995
^ s. 3, Copyright Act (Ch. 138)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "South Africa: Copyright Act, 1978 (Act No. 98 of 1978, as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002)". Retrieved 1 February 2017.
^ See Ley de 10 de enero de 1879, de la propiedad intelectual (Spanish)
^ ^a ^b "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual - Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Retrieved 1 February 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ACT, No. 36 OF 2003" (PDF). PARLIAMENT OF SRI LANKA. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 1996
^ SASUR -Wet auteursrecht art. 38|date=January
^ Copyright Act No. 36 of 1912
^ ^a ^b Art. 43, Act 1960:729, as modified by Act 1995:1273
^ Art. 29 Urheberrechtgesetz/ Loi sur le droit d’auteur par. 2
^ Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, LL.M., M.A. "BGE 124 III 266". servat.unibe.ch. Retrieved 2012-06-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b P, Bundeskanzlei -. "SR 231.1 Bundesgesetz vom 9. Oktober 1992 über das Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte (Urheberrechtsgesetz, URG)". Retrieved 1 February 2017.
^ ^a ^b Law No. 12/2001^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Laws & Regulations Database and The Republic of China". Retrieved 1 February 2017.
^ s. 14, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1999^{[permanent dead link]}
^ s. 19, Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994)
^ Art. 29, Law No. 19 of 2002^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Art. 36, Loi no. 91-12 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins^{[permanent dead link]}
^ s. 13, Copyright Act (Cap. 121)^{[permanent dead link]}
^ s. 19, Copyright Act, 1997^{[dead link]}
^ Art. 18, Loi no. 94-36
^ "Copyright and related rights in Tunisia". Euromed Audiovisual. Retrieved 2016-01-31.
^ Art. 27, Law No. 5846 of 5 December 1951
^ Art. 1094, Civil Code of Turkmenistan
^ ^a ^b ^c Art. 28, Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights, 1993 with amendments 2004
^ s. 20, Federal Law No. 7 of 2002
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, as amended by s. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995
^ Copyright term for sound recordings increases from 50 to 70 years today. MusicWeek, November 1, 2013.
^ See also Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States by Peter B. Hirtle.
^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(a)
^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(c)
^ 17 U.S.C. § 304 17 U.S.C. § 301(c)
^ 17 U.S.C. § 305
^ ^a ^b Article IV 2(a), Universal Copyright Convention
^ Article IV 3, Universal Copyright Convention
^ Art. 14, Law on Copyright No. 9.739 of 17 December 1937^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Art. 38, Law No. 272-I of 30 August 1996
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Art. 19, Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000
^ "N. XII. Legge sil diritto di autore" (PDF). 1960. Retrieved 2012-06-08.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ley sobre el Dercho de Autor as modified by the Decreto del 14 de agosto de 1993
^ ^a ^b "Intellectual Property Law. Law No. 19 for the Year 1994" (PDF). Official Gazette No. 20 issued on 27 Jumada I, 1415 A.H. corresponding to 31 October 1994. 1994-10-31. Retrieved 2014-04-13.
^ s. 12, Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Literary, dramatic, and musical works; non-photograph artistic works.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Copyright Act (Chapter 26:1)

External links

Summary of copyright terms in various countries, with links to summaries or copies of national laws
UNESCO Collection of National Copyright Laws^{[permanent dead link]} with links to the official documentation for most listed countries
The duration of copyright in various countries

[term-1] Terms of protection were taken from a variety of sources, including WIPO, UNESCO and the University of Pennsylvania (see External links). Where no more specific information is available for a country, an indication of its probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as:
a signatory of the Berne Convention ("Berne"); minimum term of life + 50 years, except for photographs.

a member of the WTO ("TRIPS"); minimum term of life + 50 years.

a candidate for membership of the European Union ("EU"); term must be life + 70 years before accession.

[2] signatory of the Berne Convention ("Berne"); minimum term of life + 50 years, except for photographs.

[3] r of the WTO ("TRIPS"); minimum term of life + 50 years.

[4] te for membership of the European Union ("EU"); term must be life + 70 years before accession.

[6] An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.

[22] A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay, the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic work.

[66] Examples of protected works are literature, music, theatre, film, the visual arts – including photography, architecture, decorative arts – and computer programmes. It is the expression of the work which is protected – that is to say, the work's singular design or presentation. Copyright applies from the moment of creation of the work. Thus, protection does not depend on any kind of registration.)^[62]

[80] An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue, the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for the work and the main director.

[89] An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.

[HKMO-97] The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under international copyright and trade law

[99] Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive: (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.

[104] Literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works.

[129] The law entered into force January 16, 2012.^[118]^[119]

[Marshall-149] Unauthorized sale or commercial use of sound & audio-visual recordings is prohibited (Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991).

[161] Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro. See Serbia also.

[205] Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro, which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective 17 June 1930

[autogenerated11-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Copyright law of Afghanistan-22/07/2008

[Albania-3] "Law No. 7564, dated April 19, 1992, on Copyright". 1 May 2008. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Art19-4] Art. 19, Lei no. 101/III/90 de 29 de dezembro de 1990^{[permanent dead link]}

[Algeria-5] "DZ001: Droits d'auteur, Ordonnance, 19/07/2003 - 1424, n° 03-05". 1 May 2008. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Andorra-7] Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999^{[permanent dead link]}

[angola-8] Art. 20(1), Copyright Law n° 4/90, March 1990^{[permanent dead link]} (PDF).

[autogenerated5-9] "IP laws revised – Anguilla". Iprfirm.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[10] Literary, dramatic, musical or copyright artistic work.

[Antigua-11] Copyright Act, 2002^{[permanent dead link]}

[Argentina-12] "Copyright, Law (Consolidation), 28/09/1933 (14/10/1998), No. 11.723 (No. 25.036)". 21 February 2005. Archived from the original on 21 February 2005. Retrieved 1 February 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[13] "Amplían a 70 años los derechos de propiedad de los intérpretes" (in Spanish). Clarín.com. 2009-12-14.

[14] Facundo García (2009-11-25). "¿Setenta años no es nada?" (in Spanish). Página/12.

[15] "Veinte Años Robados al Pueblo" (in Spanish). Derecho a leer. 2009-11-19.

[16] "Se extendió de 50 a 70 años la propiedad intelectual de los fonogramas e intérpretes" (in Spanish). eLeVe. 2009-12-15.

[Arg_34-17] Art. 34 Ley 11.723 del 28 de septiembre de 1933, as modified by Ley 24.870 del 11 de septiembre de 1997, as amended by Law 25006 B.O. 13/8/1998.

[Armenia-18] LLC, Helix Consulting. "Legislation - Intellectual Property Agency". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[19] "Guide to Doing Business, Aruba". LexMundi.com. p. 13. ^{[dead link]}

[Australia-20] Copyright Act 1968 (Australia)

[autogenerated13-21] Information Sheets G023 (Duration), Australian Copyright Council Archived October 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

[Austria-23] Urheberrechtsgesetz

[24] § 1(2), Urheberrechtsgesetznovelle 1972 (Nr. 492, 1972-12-16)

[Azerbaijan-25] Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996^{[permanent dead link]}

[Bahrain-26] Legislative Decree no. 10 of 1993

[27] Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work.

[Barbados-28] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Copyright, Act, 05/03/1998, No. 4 Archived 2012-08-05 at archive.today

[Belarus-29] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998

[30] "LOI - WET". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[Belize-31] s. 10, Copyright Act Ch. 252

[32] How long does copyright last? from Bermuda Government website.

[33] Art. 7, Berne Convention(1)

[Berne_7_6-34] Art. 7(6), Berne Convention(1)

[35] Art. 7(2), Berne Convention(1)

[36] Art. 7(3), Berne Convention(1)

[37] Art. 7(4), Berne Convention(1)

[38] Art. 7(5), Berne Convention(1)

[39] s. 18, Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001^{[permanent dead link]}

[40] Art. 18, Ley No 1322 de 13 de abril de 1992

[41] Art. 84, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (7/02)^{[permanent dead link]}

[42] Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, Act No. 8 of 2000

[Brazil-43] "Brazil: Law No. 9.610 of February 19, 1998 (Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights)". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[44] s. 14, Emergency (Copyright) Order 1999^{[permanent dead link]}

[45] Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, last changed in 2007

[46] Art. 34, Loi N°032-99AN portant protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique Archived October 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine

[WIPOBurundi-47] ACT No. 1/021 of December 30, 2005, On the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in Burundi". WIPO.int.

[48] Art. 30, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2003^{[permanent dead link]}

[49] Art. 37, Loi no 2000/011 du 19 décembre 2000

[canada-50] s. 6, Copyright Act (R.S., 1985, c. C-42);
s. 7, S.C. 1997, c. 24

[51] Cory Doctorow (2012) Canadians: tell Parliament to preserve Canada's public domain! at Boing Boing, 6/1/2012

[52] Sookman, Barry. Canada to extend copyright term for artists and record producers.

[53] Bliss, Karen. [2015-04-21. http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6545691/canadas-budget-extends-copyright-for-sound-recordings-to-70-years].

[54] Art. 3, Law 19914 implementing free trade agreement with the US (2003) Archived March 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

[China-55] Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, Art. 21.

[Colombia-56] "Colombia: Law No. 23 of 1982 (January 28) - On Copyright". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[57] Law No. 24/82 of July 7, 1982, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights

[58] Art. 58, Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos (as last amended by Law No. 8834 of May 3, 2010)

[Ivory-59] Loi no. 96-564 du 25 juillet 1996

[60] Art. 99, Copyright and Related Rights Act 197/2003^{[permanent dead link]}

[NA-61] Copy right directive 1913 (Netherlands Antilles), last amended 1 March 2004.

[62] Copyright Act 2006

[Czech-63] Law No. 121/2000 Coll.

[64] s. 63, Consolidated Act on Copyright 2006 ^{[dead link]}

[65] ERICarts, Council of Europe,. "Denmark: 5.1 General legislation : 5.1.7 Copyright provisions". www.culturalpolicies.net. Retrieved 2016-01-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Djibouti-67] Loi n°114/AN/96/3e L relatif à la protection du droit d'auteur^{[permanent dead link]}

[68] s. 11, Copyright Act 2003

[69] Art. 21, Ley sobre Derecho de Autor del 24 de julio de 2000^{[permanent dead link]}

[70] Art. 80, Ley No 83 de Propiedad Intelectual (1998)

[71] Art. 160, Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights

[72] Art. 86, Decreto Legislativo No. 604 del 15 de julio de 1993

[Eritrea-73] Eritrean Civil Code

[Estonia-74] Edition of the Copyright Act effective since 01.01.2009 Template:Et icon; First enacted on 11.11.1992 Archived May 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

[75] Wondwossen Belete (2004), The Intellectual Property System in Ethiopia, Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office, Addis Ababa, December 2004; see also [1]

[EU-76] "EUR-Lex - 32006L0116 - EN - EUR-Lex". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[77] "Copyright Act 1999" (PDF). 1999. Retrieved 2012-06-08.^{[permanent dead link]}

[78] Art. 43, Law No. 404/1961, as amended by Law No. 1654/1995

[Finland-79] Copyright, Act, 08/07/1961^{[dead link]}

[France-81] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "France: Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée au 23 février 2015)". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[82] Judgement No. 280 of February 27, 2007 Court of Cassation – First Civil Chamber 04-12138

[autogenerated6-83] Copyright Act 1956 (p)

[84] Art. 31, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 22 June 1999

[85] § 64 Urheberrechtsgesetz [2], as amended by the Law of 17 December 2008

[86] "UrhG - Einzelnorm". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[87] "UrhG - Einzelnorm". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[88] Art. 12, Copyright Act, 2005^{[permanent dead link]}

[Greece-90] Law 2121/1993^{[permanent dead link]}

[91] Copyright Act, dated 3 February 1989

[Guatemala-92] Decreto No. 33-98^{[permanent dead link]}, as modified by Art. 13, Decreto No. 56-2000

[93] Copyright Act 1956

[94] Decree of January 9, 1968, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works

[95] Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights

[honduras-96] "Art. 30, Decreto Ley 16 2006: Implementación del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la República Dominicana, Centroamérica y Estados Unidos". Cerlalc.org. 2006. Retrieved 2012-06-08.

[HK-98] "Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528)". Legislation.gov.hk. 1997-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-08.

[HK2-100] "Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528)". Legislation.gov.hk. 1997-06-30. Retrieved 2012-06-08.

[crHU-101] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Art. 31, Act No. LXXVI of 1999 on Copyright (consolidated text as of January 1, 2007), wipo.int (Access date: 18 January 2016)

[102] Art. 43, Act No. 73/1972, as amended by Art. 4, Act No. 145/1996

[103] See also Copyright in India.

[India-105] Copyright Act, 1957

[UUHC2014-106] World Intellectual Property Organization (ed.). "Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 28 of September 16, 2014, on Copyright". Indonesia IP Laws and Treaties. Retrieved 2017-03-10. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help)

[107] Reformation of article 12 (August 22, 2010) Copyright Law of 12 January 1970

[108] Art. 16, Copyright Law of 12 January 1970

[109] s. 2(11), Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 2004/83 Archived October 12, 2006, at the Wayback Machine

[110] "Copyright Protection Act No.3 (1971)".

[111] s. 24, Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000

[112] Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 5(4), Copyright Ordinance 1924 Archived May 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

[113] Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 | Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 21, Copyright, Act (Consolidation), 16/12/1911 Archived 2012-08-05 at archive.today

[114] Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 | Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 5(3), Copyright Ordinance 1924 Archived May 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

[Italy-115] Law No. 633 of 22 April 1941, as amended by Art. 17, Law No. 52 of 6 February 1996

[116] Limited, Jamaica Observer. "Golding says Copyright Law will bolster creative industries - News". Retrieved 1 February 2017. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)

[Jamaica-117] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The Copyright Act, as amended by The Copyright (Amendment) Act 2015

[Japan-118] Law No. 48 of 6 May 1970, as amended in 2010

[119] Art. 30, Law No. 22 of 1992, as amended

[120] Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 1996^{[permanent dead link]}

[Kenya-121] Copyright Act, 2001^{[permanent dead link]}

[122] Art. 60, Law No. 04/L-065 of 30 November 2011

[lukacs-dprk-123] Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, discussed at: Paul Karl Lukacs (3 August 2007). "Everything You've Ever Wanted To Know About the North Korean Copyright Act". The Nomad Lawyer. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[South_Korea-124] "Treaties > Laws & Treaties > Home". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[125] | Decree Law No. 64 of 1999 concerning Intellectual Property Rights

[126] Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 16 December 1997

[127] "Part 6. Term of Protection of Copyright and Related Rights" (PDF), Law on Intellectual Property (Amended), Lao People's Democratic Republic (via WIPO), 2011-12-20, retrieved 2014-01-30

[128] "Law No. 01/NA of December 20, 2011, on Intellectual Property (as amended)". WIPO. 2012-01-16. Retrieved 2014-01-30.

[Latvia-130] Copyright Law of 6 April 2000

[131] Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 11 May 1993

[132] Art. 37(2), Copyright Law of 6 April 2000

[133] Art. 49, Loi sur la protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique (no. 75 du 3 avril 1999)

[134] "Copyright and related rights in Lebanon". Euromed Audiovisual. Retrieved 2016-01-31.

[135] s. 2.20, An Act Adopting a New Copyright Law of the Republic of Liberia

[136] Art. 32, Law of 19 May 1999
[Art. 36, Law of 26 October 1928

[137] Art. 34, Law No. IX-1355 (2003)
[Art. 536, Civil Code as modified by Law No. I-459 (1994)

[138] Art. 9, Law of 18 April 2001
[Art. 2, Law of 29 March 1972]

[Macau-139] Decree-Law 43/99/M of August 16, 1999

[140] Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights No. 47/96 as amended Archived October 18, 2002, at the Wayback Machine

[141] Art. 52, Loi no. 94-036 portant sur la propriété littéraire et artistique^{[permanent dead link]}

[142] s. 13, Copyright Act, 1989^{[permanent dead link]}

[143] "Malaysia Doesn't Need Another 20 Years of Copyright". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 2016-01-31.

[Malaysia-144] Copyright Act 1987

[145] "Maldives: The Copyright & Related Rights Act". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2017-09-14.

[146] Art. 90, Loi No. 8426/AN-RM^{[permanent dead link]}

[147] Camilleri, Antoine (9 September 2010). Intellectual property in Malta: Copyrigh. Times of Malta. Retrieved on 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016.

[148] Camilleri, Antoine (9 September 2010). Intellectual property in Malta: Copyrigh. Times of Malta. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016.

[150] "Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act 1991 [20 MIRC Ch.2]". PacLII. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[151] "Republic of the Marshall Islands". Pacific Islands Forum Intellectual Property Portal. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[152] "Marshall Islands". World Intellectual Property Organization. Retrieved 29 August 2014.

[153] s. 12, Copyright Act 1997

[154] "Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2015.

[155] Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (1996)

[156] Art. 9, Decreto que reforma, adiciona y deroga disposiciones de diversas leyes relacionadas con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, and the fourth transitional provision of the same, making the change from 50 pma to 75 pma non-retroactive. Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

[157] § 113, Federated States of Micronesia Code, Title 35 Archived September 9, 2005, at the Wayback Machine

[158] "Republic of Moldova: Law No. 139 of July 2, 2010, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[159] "LégiMonaco - Textes non codifiés - Ordonnance n. 5.501 du 09/01/1975 rendant exécutoire à Monaco la convention de Berne pour la protection des œuvres littéraires et artistiques du 9 septembre 1886, telle que révisée à Paris le 24 juillet 1971". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[160] Art. 17, Law on Copyright of 1993

[autogenerated4-162] Art. 100, Law on Copyright and Related Rights^{[permanent dead link]}

[163] Art. 25, Loi no. 2-00 relative aux droits d’auteur et droits voisins

[164] "ICLG - International Comparative Legal GuidesMorocco - Copyright 2016". ICLG - International Comparative Legal GuidesMorocco - Copyright 2016. Retrieved 2016-01-31.

[165] Art. 22, Law No. 4/2001

[Namibia-166] Copyright Act 98 of 1978, as amended by s. 3, Act 52 of 1984, s. 3, Act 125 of 1992 and by s. 52, Act 38 of 1997^{[permanent dead link]}

[naurucustomact-167] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m s. 4, Custom and Adopted Laws Act 1971

[Nauru-168] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m "Copyright Act 1956". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[169] "The Copyright Act, 2059 (2002)" (PDF). Government of Nepal, Ministry of Federal Affairs, Constituent Assembly, Parliamentary Affairs and Culture. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[170] Auteurswet (Dutch); Art. 37, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995 ^{[dead link]}

[171] Auteurswet (Dutch); Art. 38, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995 ^{[dead link]}

[172] Copyright Act, 1912, article 45o, part 2

[173] "wetten.nl - Regeling - Auteurswet - BWBR0001886". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[174] "Copy right law BES 2010" (in Dutch). Wetten.overheid.nl. 2011-12-13. Retrieved 2012-06-08.

[NZ-175] Copyright Act 1994

[176] Art. 27, Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (No. 312)

[177] Art. 22, Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore

[nigeria-178] Schedule I, Copyright Act (Chapter C.28), 2004

[Norway-179] Hannemyr, Gisle (11 June 2009). "Copyright, etc. terms in Norway" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2016.

[no1-180] s. 40, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961. Relating to copyright in literary, scientific and artistic works, etc., with subsequent amendments, latest of 16 April 1999

[181] "Articles 26 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[182] "Articles 26-30 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. 2008. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Pakistan-1962-s.18-183] s. 18, Copyright Ordinance 1962, as amended to year 2000

[184] s. 16, Republic of Palau Copyright Act of 2003^{[permanent dead link]}

[185] Art. 42, Ley No. 15 de 8 de agosto de 1994

[186] s. 17, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000^{[permanent dead link]}

[187] Art. 47, Ley No. 1328/98 de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos

[188] Art. 52, Decreto legislativo 822 del 23 de abril de 1996

[Philippines-189] Intellectual Property Code Archived 2008-10-30 at the Wayback Machine

[190] Art. 36, Law of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, as amended by the Law of 22 July 2000 ^{[dead link]}

[191] Art. 31, Code of Copyright and Related Rights Archived 2005-03-27 at archive.today, as amended by Decree Law No. 334/97 of 27 November 1997 ^{[dead link]}

[192] s. 15, Law No. 7 of 2002^{[dead link]}

[193] Art. 27, Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996

[GKRF_1281-194] "Article 1281 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Retrieved 2012-06-08.

[231-FZ-195] "Федеральный закон от 18.12.2006 N 231-ФЗ "О введении в действие части четвертой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации" (с изменениями и дополнениями)". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[GKRF_1330-196] "Article 1330 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Retrieved 2014-12-11.

[GKRF_1317-197] "Article 1317 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Retrieved 2014-12-11.

[GK_RSFSR_484-198] Civil Code of the RSFSR, Articles 484-487

[199] s. 10, Copyright Act, 1995

[StVincent-200] "Copyright Act, 2003" (PDF). 2003. Retrieved 2012-06-08.^{[permanent dead link]}

[201] WIPO (2012-04-02). "Copyright Act 1998". Wipo.int. Retrieved 2012-06-08.

[202] Art. 36, Legge n. 8 del 25 gennaio 1991

[203] "Royal Decree No: M/41 2nd Rajab 1424 H August 30, 2003" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 23, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[204] "Loi 2008-09 du 25-01-2008 sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-26.

[Seychelles-206] Copyright Act, 2014

[SierraLeone-207] Sierra Leone Copyright Act 2011

[208] See also the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore factsheet. Archived December 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine

[209] Literary, dramatic or musical work, or in an artistic work other than a photograph

[Singapore-210] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Singapore Statutes Online - Home". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[211] § 21, Law on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright (Copyright Act) No. 618/2003 Archived 2012-08-05 at archive.today

[212] Art. 59, Copyright and Related Rights Act of 30 March 1995

[213] s. 3, Copyright Act (Ch. 138)

[SouthAfrica-214] "South Africa: Copyright Act, 1978 (Act No. 98 of 1978, as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002)". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[215] See Ley de 10 de enero de 1879, de la propiedad intelectual (Spanish)

[Spain-216] "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual - Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[slact-217] "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ACT, No. 36 OF 2003" (PDF). PARLIAMENT OF SRI LANKA. Retrieved 30 January 2013.

[Sudan-218] Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 1996

[Suriname-219] SASUR -Wet auteursrecht art. 38|date=January

[220] Copyright Act No. 36 of 1912

[sweden-221] Art. 43, Act 1960:729, as modified by Act 1995:1273

[222] Art. 29 Urheberrechtgesetz/ Loi sur le droit d’auteur par. 2

[223] Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, LL.M., M.A. "BGE 124 III 266". servat.unibe.ch. Retrieved 2012-06-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Switzerland-224] P, Bundeskanzlei -. "SR 231.1 Bundesgesetz vom 9. Oktober 1992 über das Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte (Urheberrechtsgesetz, URG)". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[Syria-225] Law No. 12/2001^{[permanent dead link]}

[Taiwan-226] "Laws & Regulations Database and The Republic of China". Retrieved 1 February 2017.

[227] s. 14, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1999^{[permanent dead link]}

[228] s. 19, Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994)

[autogenerated16-229] Art. 29, Law No. 19 of 2002^{[permanent dead link]}

[230] Art. 36, Loi no. 91-12 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins^{[permanent dead link]}

[231] s. 13, Copyright Act (Cap. 121)^{[permanent dead link]}

[232] s. 19, Copyright Act, 1997^{[dead link]}

[233] Art. 18, Loi no. 94-36

[234] "Copyright and related rights in Tunisia". Euromed Audiovisual. Retrieved 2016-01-31.

[235] Art. 27, Law No. 5846 of 5 December 1951

[236] Art. 1094, Civil Code of Turkmenistan

[ua-237] Art. 28, Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights, 1993 with amendments 2004

[238] s. 20, Federal Law No. 7 of 2002

[UK-239] Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, as amended by s. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995

[240] Copyright term for sound recordings increases from 50 to 70 years today. MusicWeek, November 1, 2013.

[241] See also Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States by Peter B. Hirtle.

[242] 17 U.S.C. § 302(a)

[243] 17 U.S.C. § 302(c)

[244] 17 U.S.C. § 304 17 U.S.C. § 301(c)

[245] 17 U.S.C. § 305

[UCC_IV_2a-246] Article IV 2(a), Universal Copyright Convention

[247] Article IV 3, Universal Copyright Convention

[248] Art. 14, Law on Copyright No. 9.739 of 17 December 1937^{[permanent dead link]}

[249] Art. 38, Law No. 272-I of 30 August 1996

[vanuatucopy2000-250] Art. 19, Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000

[251] "N. XII. Legge sil diritto di autore" (PDF). 1960. Retrieved 2012-06-08.^{[permanent dead link]}

[Venezuela-252] Ley sobre el Dercho de Autor as modified by the Decreto del 14 de agosto de 1993

[Yemen-253] "Intellectual Property Law. Law No. 19 for the Year 1994" (PDF). Official Gazette No. 20 issued on 27 Jumada I, 1415 A.H. corresponding to 31 October 1994. 1994-10-31. Retrieved 2014-04-13.

[254] s. 12, Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994^{[permanent dead link]}

[255] Literary, dramatic, and musical works; non-photograph artistic works.

[Zimbabwe-256] Copyright Act (Chapter 26:1)

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