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| image = Abies sachalinensis1.JPG
| image = Abies sachalinensis1.JPG
| status = lc
| status = lc
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2013.2| assessor=Zhang, D| assessor2=Katsuki, T.| assessor3=Rushforth, K.| last-assessor-amp=yes| year=2013| id=42298 | title=Abies sachalinensis| downloaded=3 May 2014}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{Cite journal | author = Zhang, D, Katsuki, T. & Rushforth, K. | title = ''Abies sachalinensis'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2013 | page = e.T42298A2970610 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2013 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/42298/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42298A2970610.en | access-date = 16 December 2017}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Pinophyta]]
| divisio = [[Pinophyta]]
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| binomial_authority = [[Carl Friedrich Schmidt (1832)|F.Schmidt]]
| binomial_authority = [[Carl Friedrich Schmidt (1832)|F.Schmidt]]
| synonyms = }}
| synonyms = }}
'''''Abies sachalinensis''''' ('''Sakhalin [[fir]]''') is a species of [[conifer]] in the family [[Pinaceae]](pine family). It is found in [[Sakhalin]] island and southern [[Kurils]] ([[Russia]]), and also in northern [[Hokkaido]] ([[Japan]]).<ref>http://conifersociety.org/conifers/conifer/abies/sachalinensis/ . American conifer society</ref>
'''''Abies sachalinensis''''' ('''Sakhalin [[fir]]''') is a species of [[conifer]] in the family [[Pinaceae]](pine family). It is found in [[Sakhalin]] island and southern [[Kurils]] ([[Russia]]), and also in northern [[Hokkaido]] ([[Japan]]).<ref name="conifersociety.org">http://conifersociety.org/conifers/conifer/abies/sachalinensis/ . American conifer society</ref>
The first discovery by a European was by [[Carl Friedrich Schmidt (1832)|Carl Friedrich Schmidt]] (1832-1908), the Baltic German botanist, on the Russian island of [[Sakhalin]] in 1866, but he did not introduce it to Europe. The plant was re-discovered by the English plant-collector, [[Charles Maries]] in 1877 near [[Aomori, Aomori|Aomori]] on the main [[Japan]]ese island of [[Honshū]], who initially thought it to be a variety of ''[[Abies veitchii]]''.<ref>{{cite book | author=James Herbert Veitch | author-link=James Herbert Veitch | title=Hortus Veitchii| publisher=[[Caradoc Doy]] | year=2006|edition=reprint|pages=80| isbn=0-9553515-0-2}}</ref> [[Abies nephrolepis]](khingan fir) is known to be the closest relative. Which is on the mainland just west of the range of Sakhalin fir.<ref>http://www.conifers.org/pi/Abies_sachalinensis.php</ref>
The first discovery by a European was by [[Carl Friedrich Schmidt (1832)|Carl Friedrich Schmidt]] (1832-1908), the Baltic German botanist, on the Russian island of [[Sakhalin]] in 1866, but he did not introduce it to Europe. The plant was re-discovered by the English plant-collector, [[Charles Maries]] in 1877 near [[Aomori, Aomori|Aomori]] on the main [[Japan]]ese island of [[Honshū]], who initially thought it to be a variety of ''[[Abies veitchii]]''.<ref>{{cite book | author=James Herbert Veitch | author-link=James Herbert Veitch | title=Hortus Veitchii| publisher=[[Caradoc Doy]] | year=2006|edition=reprint|pages=80| isbn=0-9553515-0-2}}</ref> [[Abies nephrolepis]](khingan fir) is known to be the closest relative. Which is on the mainland just west of the range of Sakhalin fir.<ref name="conifers.org">http://www.conifers.org/pi/Abies_sachalinensis.php</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
Grows to 30m tall with Girths up to 100&nbsp;cm. The crown pyramidal, but tend to flatten out as they grow to old age. Branches are long and slender during the life time.<ref>http://www.conifers.org/pi/Abies_sachalinensis.php</ref> As you move down to more northern parts of its habitat they tend to grow shorter.<ref>http://conifersociety.org/conifers/conifer/abies/sachalinensis/</ref> [[hardiness zone]] of 5 (cold limit is between -23.3 Degree C and -28.8 Degree C)<ref>http://www.conifers.org/pi/Abies_sachalinensis.php</ref>
Grows to 30m tall with Girths up to 100&nbsp;cm. The crown pyramidal, but tend to flatten out as they grow to old age. Branches are long and slender during the life time.<ref name="conifers.org"/> As you move down to more northern parts of its habitat they tend to grow shorter.<ref name="ReferenceA">http://conifersociety.org/conifers/conifer/abies/sachalinensis/</ref> [[hardiness zone]] of 5 (cold limit is between -23.3 Degree C and -28.8 Degree C)<ref name="conifers.org"/>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
Been seen at sea level up to 1,650m in Different areas, but on Sakhalin Island it sits at elevations of 800-1,100m in pure stands or in mixed forests with [[Picea jezoensis]](Yezo spruce) and Picea glehnii around the treeline. It is also found in lower elevations with broadleaf trees including [[betula ermanii]](Erman's birch), Castanea crenulata, [[Kalopanax septemlobus]](castor aralia), and mangnolia hypoleuca.<ref>http://www.conifers.org/pi/Abies_sachalinensis.php</ref>
Been seen at sea level up to 1,650m in Different areas, but on Sakhalin Island it sits at elevations of 800-1,100m in pure stands or in mixed forests with [[Picea jezoensis]](Yezo spruce) and Picea glehnii around the treeline. It is also found in lower elevations with broadleaf trees including [[betula ermanii]](Erman's birch), Castanea crenulata, [[Kalopanax septemlobus]](castor aralia), and mangnolia hypoleuca.<ref name="conifers.org"/>


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
Cool Summers, Mild winters, and precipitation around 1,500mm. Half or more falls during the winter.<ref>Temperate and Boreal Rainforests of the World - Ecology and conservation, Foreword by David Suzuki, Edited by Dominick A. DellaSala. ISBN=978-1-59726-676-5 Publisher=[[Island Press]]</ref> soils tend to be well drained and moist.<ref>http://www.conifers.org/pi/Abies_sachalinensis.php</ref> Does not do well in water logged soil. very shade tolerant when young, growth is slower in dense shade. It likes slightly acidic soils at a PH of around 5.<ref>http://www.pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Abies+sachalinensis</ref>
Cool Summers, Mild winters, and precipitation around 1,500mm. Half or more falls during the winter.<ref>Temperate and Boreal Rainforests of the World - Ecology and conservation, Foreword by David Suzuki, Edited by Dominick A. DellaSala. ISBN=978-1-59726-676-5 Publisher=[[Island Press]]</ref> soils tend to be well drained and moist.<ref name="conifers.org"/> Does not do well in water logged soil. very shade tolerant when young, growth is slower in dense shade. It likes slightly acidic soils at a PH of around 5.<ref>http://www.pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Abies+sachalinensis</ref>


==Uses==
==Uses==
Mainly logged for the production of wood pulp for the paper industry. It is a used for cultivations in gardens and arboreta in [[Russia]], Northern Europe, England, and USA<ref>Zhang, D, Katsuki, T. & Rushforth, K. 2013. Abies sachalinensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42298A2970610</ref>
Mainly logged for the production of wood pulp for the paper industry. It is a used for cultivations in gardens and arboreta in [[Russia]], Northern Europe, England, and USA<ref name="iucn"/>
The Abies Sachalinesis is used for dying/tanning, Essential oils, Fibers, Timber, and Medicine. It is also made into products such as Boxes, Crates, Pallets, Posts, Stakes, Fences, wall paneling, and carpentry (exterior/interior).<ref>
The Abies Sachalinesis is used for dying/tanning, Essential oils, Fibers, Timber, and Medicine. It is also made into products such as Boxes, Crates, Pallets, Posts, Stakes, Fences, wall paneling, and carpentry (exterior/interior).<ref>
https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/1930 . Invasive species compendium</ref> It is an important plantation species in [[Hokkaido]], while the other Abies species are not used for plantation<ref>http://www.uf.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hokuen/Abies2016/Abstract_Abies2016_Shibuya.pdf</ref>
https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/1930 . Invasive species compendium</ref> It is an important plantation species in [[Hokkaido]], while the other Abies species are not used for plantation<ref>http://www.uf.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hokuen/Abies2016/Abstract_Abies2016_Shibuya.pdf</ref>


==Barks/Needles==
==Barks/Needles==
[[Bark]] is greyish white, as it grows older the bark starts to get rough to the touch.<ref> http://conifersociety.org/conifers/conifer/abies/sachalinensis/ . American conifer society</ref> Needles cover the shoots above and on the sides similar to the ''[[Abies veitchii]]'', Needle length is .5 to 1.4 inches long (1.2-3.5&nbsp;cm) and .04 to .05 inches wide (1-1.2mm). Soft in texture with a glossy fresh green color.<ref> http://conifersociety.org/conifers/conifer/abies/sachalinensis/ . American conifer society</ref>
[[Bark]] is greyish white, as it grows older the bark starts to get rough to the touch.<ref name="conifersociety.org"/> Needles cover the shoots above and on the sides similar to the ''[[Abies veitchii]]'', Needle length is .5 to 1.4 inches long (1.2-3.5&nbsp;cm) and .04 to .05 inches wide (1-1.2mm). Soft in texture with a glossy fresh green color.<ref name="conifersociety.org"/>


==Seedlings/Cones==
==Seedlings/Cones==
Seed cones are cylindric, from 2-3.2 inches long, and 1-1.2 inches wide. When young colors of the cones are brown to dark purple, as they mature they turn blue-black to black-brown.<ref>http://conifersociety.org/conifers/conifer/abies/sachalinensis/</ref>
Seed cones are cylindric, from 2-3.2 inches long, and 1-1.2 inches wide. When young colors of the cones are brown to dark purple, as they mature they turn blue-black to black-brown.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>


==Root system==
==Root system==
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==Threats==
==Threats==
There have been no threats to this species. Old growth stands see the most pressure from logging in parts outside of [[Japan]]<ref>Zhang, D, Katsuki, T. & Rushforth, K. 2013. Abies sachalinensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42298A2970610</ref>
There have been no threats to this species. Old growth stands see the most pressure from logging in parts outside of [[Japan]]<ref name="iucn"/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Revision as of 17:39, 16 December 2017

Abies sachalinensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Pinophyta
Class:
Pinopsida
Order:
Pinales
Family:
Pinaceae
Genus:
Abies
Species:
A. sachalinensis
Binomial name
Abies sachalinensis

Abies sachalinensis (Sakhalin fir) is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae(pine family). It is found in Sakhalin island and southern Kurils (Russia), and also in northern Hokkaido (Japan).[2] The first discovery by a European was by Carl Friedrich Schmidt (1832-1908), the Baltic German botanist, on the Russian island of Sakhalin in 1866, but he did not introduce it to Europe. The plant was re-discovered by the English plant-collector, Charles Maries in 1877 near Aomori on the main Japanese island of Honshū, who initially thought it to be a variety of Abies veitchii.[3] Abies nephrolepis(khingan fir) is known to be the closest relative. Which is on the mainland just west of the range of Sakhalin fir.[4]

Description

Grows to 30m tall with Girths up to 100 cm. The crown pyramidal, but tend to flatten out as they grow to old age. Branches are long and slender during the life time.[4] As you move down to more northern parts of its habitat they tend to grow shorter.[5] hardiness zone of 5 (cold limit is between -23.3 Degree C and -28.8 Degree C)[4]

Distribution

Been seen at sea level up to 1,650m in Different areas, but on Sakhalin Island it sits at elevations of 800-1,100m in pure stands or in mixed forests with Picea jezoensis(Yezo spruce) and Picea glehnii around the treeline. It is also found in lower elevations with broadleaf trees including betula ermanii(Erman's birch), Castanea crenulata, Kalopanax septemlobus(castor aralia), and mangnolia hypoleuca.[4]

Habitat

Cool Summers, Mild winters, and precipitation around 1,500mm. Half or more falls during the winter.[6] soils tend to be well drained and moist.[4] Does not do well in water logged soil. very shade tolerant when young, growth is slower in dense shade. It likes slightly acidic soils at a PH of around 5.[7]

Uses

Mainly logged for the production of wood pulp for the paper industry. It is a used for cultivations in gardens and arboreta in Russia, Northern Europe, England, and USA[1] The Abies Sachalinesis is used for dying/tanning, Essential oils, Fibers, Timber, and Medicine. It is also made into products such as Boxes, Crates, Pallets, Posts, Stakes, Fences, wall paneling, and carpentry (exterior/interior).[8] It is an important plantation species in Hokkaido, while the other Abies species are not used for plantation[9]

Barks/Needles

Bark is greyish white, as it grows older the bark starts to get rough to the touch.[2] Needles cover the shoots above and on the sides similar to the Abies veitchii, Needle length is .5 to 1.4 inches long (1.2-3.5 cm) and .04 to .05 inches wide (1-1.2mm). Soft in texture with a glossy fresh green color.[2]

Seedlings/Cones

Seed cones are cylindric, from 2-3.2 inches long, and 1-1.2 inches wide. When young colors of the cones are brown to dark purple, as they mature they turn blue-black to black-brown.[5]

Root system

Forms surface root systems because of the moist soils. When soils are very saturated the roots form a well developed tap root[10]

Threats

There have been no threats to this species. Old growth stands see the most pressure from logging in parts outside of Japan[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Zhang, D, Katsuki, T. & Rushforth, K. (2013). "Abies sachalinensis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013. IUCN: e.T42298A2970610. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42298A2970610.en. Retrieved 16 December 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b c http://conifersociety.org/conifers/conifer/abies/sachalinensis/ . American conifer society
  3. ^ James Herbert Veitch (2006). Hortus Veitchii (reprint ed.). Caradoc Doy. p. 80. ISBN 0-9553515-0-2.
  4. ^ a b c d e http://www.conifers.org/pi/Abies_sachalinensis.php
  5. ^ a b http://conifersociety.org/conifers/conifer/abies/sachalinensis/
  6. ^ Temperate and Boreal Rainforests of the World - Ecology and conservation, Foreword by David Suzuki, Edited by Dominick A. DellaSala. ISBN=978-1-59726-676-5 Publisher=Island Press
  7. ^ http://www.pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Abies+sachalinensis
  8. ^ https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/1930 . Invasive species compendium
  9. ^ http://www.uf.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hokuen/Abies2016/Abstract_Abies2016_Shibuya.pdf
  10. ^ https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=1930


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