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'''John Campbell, 1st Baron Cawdor''', [[Royal Society|FRS]] (ca. 1753 – 1 June 1821), was a British politician, army officer and art-collector.
'''John Campbell, 1st Baron Cawdor''', [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries|FSA]] (ca. 1753 – 1 June 1821), was a British politician and art-collector.


==Biography==
==Biography==
John Campbell was born ca. 1753, the son of Pryse Campbell of Stackpole Court, Pembrokeshire, and Sarah (née Bacon). His siblings were Sarah, George, Alexander and Charles Campbell. He was sent to board at Eton College, Berkshire (1763–67). Afterwards he studied at [[Cambridge University]] (Clare College) (1772).
John Campbell was born ca. 1753, the son of Pryse Campbell of Stackpole Court, Pembrokeshire, and Sarah (née Bacon). His siblings were Sarah, George, Alexander and Charles Campbell. He was sent to board at [[Eton College]], Berkshire (1763–67) and afterwards studied at [[Clare College, Cambridge]] () (1772).


His father died in 1768, so when his grandfather died in 1777 John inherited Stackpole Court and his grandfather's estates in Pembrokeshire and Nairn, and a mineral-producing estate in Cardiganshire; these lands and mines made him a rich man. From 1777 to 1780 he was [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Nairnshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Nairnshire]]. He became [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Cardigan Boroughs (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardigan Boroughs]] from a by-election in June 1780 until he stood down at the [[British general election, 1796]].<ref>{{Rayment-hc|c|2|date=March 2012}}</ref><ref name="stooks-smith">{{cite book
His father died in 1768, so when his grandfather died in 1777 John inherited Stackpole Court and his grandfather's estates in Pembrokeshire and Nairn, and a mineral-producing estate in Cardiganshire; these lands and mines made him a rich man.
From 1777 to 1780 he was [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Nairnshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Nairnshire]]. He became [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Cardigan Boroughs (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardigan Boroughs]] from a by-election in June 1780 until he stood down at the [[British general election, 1796]].<ref>{{Rayment-hc|c|2|date=March 2012}}</ref><ref name="stooks-smith">{{cite book
|last=Stooks Smith
|last=Stooks Smith
|first=Henry.
|first=Henry.
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}}</ref> From 1780 he was Governor of Milford Haven.
}}</ref> From 1780 he was Governor of Milford Haven.


Between 1783 and 1788 Campbell visited Italy and Sicily, where he bought antiquities from Fr. John Thorpe, [[Henry Tresham]], [[James Durno]] and [[Thomas Jenkins (antiquary)|Thomas Jenkins]], commissioned paintings of archaeological sites in Naples and Sicily from Xavier della Gatta, Tito Lusieri, [[Henry Tresham]] and Louis Ducros, and bought sculptures from the young [[Antonio Canova|Canova]], but he never received them.<ref>H. Honour, 'Canova's 'Amorini' for John Campbell and John David Latouche', in ''Antologia di belle arti''; 48/51 (1994), p.129-139.</ref> In 1788 Campbell bought from [[Giovanni Volpato]] the celebrated Lante Vase [now at [[Woburn Abbey]], Bedfordshire]. He also began a collection of 'Etruscan' (i.e. ancient Greek) vases from Nola and other southern Italian sites, and had further examples sent to him after his return to Britain, including the 'Campbell Crater' excavated at Lecce in 1790. He also continued to acquire architectural and sculptural fragments and casts. Campbell established a Museum in his house in Oxford Street, London, which had an art-historical rather than decorative intention, and was hailed by the sculptor, [[John Flaxman]], as 'excellent news for the arts'.<ref>W. G. Constable, ''John Flaxman, 1755-1826'' (1927), p.33-34.</ref>
Between 1783 and 1788 Campbell visited Italy and Sicily, where he bought antiquities from Fr. John Thorpe, [[Henry Tresham]], [[James Durno]] and [[Thomas Jenkins (antiquary)|Thomas Jenkins]], commissioned paintings of archaeological sites in Naples and Sicily from Xavier della Gatta, Tito Lusieri, [[Henry Tresham]] and Louis Ducros, and bought sculptures from the young [[Antonio Canova|Canova]] (but never received them).<ref>H. Honour, 'Canova's 'Amorini' for John Campbell and John David Latouche', in ''Antologia di belle arti''; 48/51 (1994), p.129-139.</ref> In 1788 Campbell bought from [[Giovanni Volpato]] the celebrated Lante Vase [now at [[Woburn Abbey]], Bedfordshire]. He also began a collection of 'Etruscan' (i.e. ancient Greek) vases from Nola and other southern Italian sites, and had further examples sent to him after his return to Britain, including the 'Campbell Crater' excavated at Lecce in 1790. He also continued to acquire architectural and sculptural fragments and casts. Campbell established a museum in his house in Oxford Street, London, which had an art-historical rather than decorative intention, and was hailed by the sculptor, [[John Flaxman]], as 'excellent news for the arts'.<ref>W. G. Constable, ''John Flaxman, 1755-1826'' (1927), p.33-34.</ref> In 1794 Campbell became a [[Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries]] and in 1795 a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]].<ref> {{cite web|url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=17&dsqSearch=%28%28text%29%3D%27campbell%27%29|title= Follows details|publisher= Royal Society|accessdate= 27 November 2017}} </ref>

⚫
In 1789 on 28 July John Campbell married Isabella Caroline Howard - daughter of [[Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle]] and Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower. They had two children:

⚫
*[[John Campbell, 1st Earl Cawdor|John Frederick Campbell, 1st Earl Cawdor]] (1790–1860), married Elizabeth Thynne, daughter of 2nd marquis of Bath
⚫
*[[Rear-Admiral]] Hon. George Pryse Campbell (1793–12 August 1858), married on 13 October 1821 Charlotte Gascoyne, daughter of [[Isaac Gascoyne]].

In 1794 Campbell became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and in 1795 a Fellow of the Royal Society.


As a Parliamentarian, Campbell was at first a Whig and a supporter of Lord North. In debates on the North Atlantic slave trade he supported the abolitionists. He became a supporter of the younger Pitt's war policy. On 21 June 1796 Campbell was made a peer with the title of 'Baron Cawdor' of Castlemartin in the County of Pembroke. As a landowner he was an active improver - draining the Castlemartin Corse and creating Bosherton lakes. His generosity to the poor was proverbial.
As a Parliamentarian, Campbell was at first a Whig and a supporter of Lord North. In debates on the North Atlantic slave trade he supported the abolitionists. He became a supporter of the younger Pitt's war policy. On 21 June 1796 Campbell was made a peer with the title of 'Baron Cawdor' of Castlemartin in the County of Pembroke. As a landowner he was an active improver - draining the Castlemartin Corse and creating Bosherton lakes. His generosity to the poor was proverbial.
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In 1797 he was the commander of the [[Pembrokeshire Yeomanry]], who defeated Napoleon's troops in the [[Last invasion of Britain]].<ref>E. H. Stuart-Jones, ''The Last Invasion of Britain'' (1950)</ref>
In 1797 he was the commander of the [[Pembrokeshire Yeomanry]], who defeated Napoleon's troops in the [[Last invasion of Britain]].<ref>E. H. Stuart-Jones, ''The Last Invasion of Britain'' (1950)</ref>


In 1800 Campbell sold the contents of his Museum. Several items were sold to the architect, Sir [[John Soane]].
In 1800 Campbell sold the contents of his Museum. Several items were sold to the architect, Sir [[John Soane]]. In 1804 he added to his extensive land-holdings by inheriting John Vaughan's estates at Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire. In 1808 he was Mayor of Carmarthen.


⚫
Campbell died on 1 June 1821, at Bath and was buried at Bath Abbey. On 28 July 1789 he had married Isabella Caroline Howard - daughter of [[Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle]] and Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower. They had two children:
In 1804 Campbell added to his extensive land-holdings by inheriting John Vaughan's estates at Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire. In 1808 he was mayor of Carmarthen.


⚫
*[[John Campbell, 1st Earl Cawdor|John Frederick Campbell, 1st Earl Cawdor]] (1790–1860), married Elizabeth Thynne, daughter of 2nd marquis of Bath
Campbell died on 1 June 1821, at Bath. He is buried at Bath Abbey.
⚫
*[[Rear-Admiral]] Hon. George Pryse Campbell (1793–12 August 1858), married on 13 October 1821 Charlotte Gascoyne, daughter of [[Isaac Gascoyne]].


A portrait of John Campbell was made by [[Joshua Reynolds]] (1778; now in Cawdor Castle, Nairn); a miniature of him by [[Richard Cosway]] is in the National Galleries of Scotland.
A portrait of John Campbell was made by [[Joshua Reynolds]] (1778; now in Cawdor Castle, Nairn); a miniature of him by [[Richard Cosway]] is in the National Galleries of Scotland.
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[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British art collectors]]
[[Category:British art collectors]]
[[Category:Clan Campbell|John Campbell, 1st Baron Cawdor]]
[[Category:Clan Campbell|John Campbell, 1st Baron Cawdor]]
[[Category:Barons in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Barons in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Welsh constituencies]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Welsh constituencies]]
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[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies]]
[[Category:British MPs 1774–80]]
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[[Category:18th-century Scottish people]]
[[Category:18th-century Scottish people]]
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[[Category:19th-century Scottish people]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London]]

Revision as of 20:53, 27 November 2017

The Right Honourable
The Lord Cawdor
FRS
Portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds
Member of Parliament for Cardigan Boroughs
In office
1780–1796
Member of Parliament for Nairnshire
In office
1777–1780
Personal details
Born1753
Great Britain
Died1 June 1821 (aged 68)
Bath, Somerset, UK
Resting placeBath Abbey
Political partyPittite (from 1783)
Other political
affiliations		Whig (until 1783)
SpouseIsabella Caroline Howard
Children2
EducationEton College
Alma materClare College, Cambridge

John Campbell, 1st Baron Cawdor, FRS FSA (ca. 1753 – 1 June 1821), was a British politician and art-collector.

Biography

John Campbell was born ca. 1753, the son of Pryse Campbell of Stackpole Court, Pembrokeshire, and Sarah (née Bacon). His siblings were Sarah, George, Alexander and Charles Campbell. He was sent to board at Eton College, Berkshire (1763–67) and afterwards studied at Clare College, Cambridge () (1772).

His father died in 1768, so when his grandfather died in 1777 John inherited Stackpole Court and his grandfather's estates in Pembrokeshire and Nairn, and a mineral-producing estate in Cardiganshire; these lands and mines made him a rich man.

From 1777 to 1780 he was Member of Parliament for Nairnshire. He became Member of Parliament for Cardigan Boroughs from a by-election in June 1780 until he stood down at the British general election, 1796.[1][2] From 1780 he was Governor of Milford Haven.

Between 1783 and 1788 Campbell visited Italy and Sicily, where he bought antiquities from Fr. John Thorpe, Henry Tresham, James Durno and Thomas Jenkins, commissioned paintings of archaeological sites in Naples and Sicily from Xavier della Gatta, Tito Lusieri, Henry Tresham and Louis Ducros, and bought sculptures from the young Canova (but never received them).[3] In 1788 Campbell bought from Giovanni Volpato the celebrated Lante Vase [now at Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire]. He also began a collection of 'Etruscan' (i.e. ancient Greek) vases from Nola and other southern Italian sites, and had further examples sent to him after his return to Britain, including the 'Campbell Crater' excavated at Lecce in 1790. He also continued to acquire architectural and sculptural fragments and casts. Campbell established a museum in his house in Oxford Street, London, which had an art-historical rather than decorative intention, and was hailed by the sculptor, John Flaxman, as 'excellent news for the arts'.[4] In 1794 Campbell became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and in 1795 a Fellow of the Royal Society.[5]

As a Parliamentarian, Campbell was at first a Whig and a supporter of Lord North. In debates on the North Atlantic slave trade he supported the abolitionists. He became a supporter of the younger Pitt's war policy. On 21 June 1796 Campbell was made a peer with the title of 'Baron Cawdor' of Castlemartin in the County of Pembroke. As a landowner he was an active improver - draining the Castlemartin Corse and creating Bosherton lakes. His generosity to the poor was proverbial.

In 1797 he was the commander of the Pembrokeshire Yeomanry, who defeated Napoleon's troops in the Last invasion of Britain.[6]

In 1800 Campbell sold the contents of his Museum. Several items were sold to the architect, Sir John Soane. In 1804 he added to his extensive land-holdings by inheriting John Vaughan's estates at Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire. In 1808 he was Mayor of Carmarthen.

Campbell died on 1 June 1821, at Bath and was buried at Bath Abbey. On 28 July 1789 he had married Isabella Caroline Howard - daughter of Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle and Margaret Caroline Leveson-Gower. They had two children:

A portrait of John Campbell was made by Joshua Reynolds (1778; now in Cawdor Castle, Nairn); a miniature of him by Richard Cosway is in the National Galleries of Scotland.

Further reading

  • I. Bignamini, C. Hornsby, Digging And Dealing In Eighteenth-Century Rome (2010. Yale U.P.), p. 249-251
  • A Dictionary of British and Irish Travellers in Italy, 1701-1800, Compiled from the Brinsley Ford Archive by John Ingamells (1997)
  • F. Russell, 'A Distinguished Generation: the Cawdor Collection', in Country Life; (14 June 1984), p. 1746-1748
  • E. H. Stuart-Jones, The Last Invasion of Britain (1950)

References

  1. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 2)
  2. ^ Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 589. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  3. ^ H. Honour, 'Canova's 'Amorini' for John Campbell and John David Latouche', in Antologia di belle arti; 48/51 (1994), p.129-139.
  4. ^ W. G. Constable, John Flaxman, 1755-1826 (1927), p.33-34.
  5. ^ "Follows details". Royal Society. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  6. ^ E. H. Stuart-Jones, The Last Invasion of Britain (1950)
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Nairnshire
1777 – 1780 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Cardigan Boroughs
1780 – 1796 		Succeeded by
Peerage of Great Britain
New creation Baron Cawdor
1796–1821 		Succeeded by

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