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Rumah ulu is a vernacular house found in the highland of South Sumatra. The house is associated with the Uluan people who resides in the region of the upstream of the Ogan and Musi River.
Distribution
Rumah ulu is a traditional house of people living in the upstream of Musi River, South Sumatra. The name ulu is derived from the word uluan, which means "upstream". The term is also used as a generalization to rural inhabitants of the mountain range of the Central Bukit Barisan in the upstream of the River. It must be noted that the current province of South Sumatra encompasses only a small part of the former administrative region of South Sumatra (the present Sumbagsel or Southern Region of Sumatra), consisting of the provinces of Bengkulu, Jambi, Lampung, and South Sumatra proper (the former Palembang Sultanate).[1]
With modernity, less and less rumah ulu can be found in the hinterland. No new ulu house have been constructed since the 1920s.[2] A 200 years old ulu house is kept in the Balaputradeva Museum. The rumah ulu in the museum was taken from Asemkelat Village in Pengandonan Subdistrict of Ogan Komering Ulu Regency.[3] A couple of old and large rumah ulu can still be found near Baturaja, although without conversation status, this too may be destroyed.
Architecture
Rumah ulu evolved from older type of houses known as the rumah uluan, the most basic form of rumah ulu. Rumah uluan's construction is of raised wooden box-frame construction sitting on very thick posts (tiang duduk/kong) numbered six to nine with a square plan. The posts is about one-and-a-half-meter-high and are made of strong ulin hardwood.[3] The posts are not sunk into the ground but stand on top of flat river stones. The proper house (dalam) is raised onto these posts as a complete frame. A 15 centimetres (5.9 in)-high dividing beam divided the room into two areas with different floor elevation. This beam, known as the sengkar, separates one-third of the total floor area (luan) - from the lower tempuan. The entrance is located in the tempuan, the only entrance to the rumah uluan. The word luan means "stern" of a boat.[2]
The luan served as a sleeping area, while during ceremonies it was used as the place where the elders, or members of the bride-giving lineage, were seated. The tempuan served as the kitchen and the place where food was consumed; the hearth was then located in one of the corners. Wealthier family will move this kitchen to an auxiliary building known as the beruge.[2]
The roof of the rumah ulu has a striking form, using projecting gables and rafters that rest on flying (suspended) roof plates. This technique can also be found in Toba Batak houses.[2]
In the house of a wealthier people, the status was further indicated by elaborate decorations (tatahan), especially on the studs and beams of the frame. Flower-like motifs, called bunge bulan (moonflower) or kembang matahari (sunflower) are used on the door and the outside luan wall.[2]
Interior
The interior of rumah ulu is divided into three parts namely the front room, the middle room, and the back room. These three spaces are further divided into rooms e.g. the living room (garang or lintut); the resting room (haluan/luan and kakudan); the elder room (ruang gedongan or ambin), and ruangan dapur (kitchen).[4][3]
The living room (garang or lintut) is the place where the homeowner can have a chat in the afternoon after doing a work routine. The resting room is divided into a male resting space (haluan) and a female resting space (kakudan). The elder room (ruang gedongan or ambin) is the most central part of the rumah ulu and is located on the highest platform in the house. This room is used for the eldest of the family to give counsel or share wisdom in the form of stories to the children and the grandchildren.[4][3]
Ulu village
The hierarchy of space of the uluan is defined by a rule known as the ulu-ulak (ilir) system. In village organization, if a new younger member of the family is planning to build a new house, the house must always be situated on the downstream side of the older house. This results in a clear village organization where the oldest house in the village is always located on the upstream side.[4]
References
- ^ Barendregt 2004, pp. 100–2.
- ^ a b c d e Barendregt 2004, p. 102.
- ^ a b c d Ahmad Ibo 2017.
- ^ a b c Sukanti, Zulbiati & Emawati 1993. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSukantiZulbiatiEmawati1993 (help)
Cited works
- Ahmad Ibo (2017). "Rumah Ulu Sumatera Selatan dari Ogan Komering Ulu". Indonesia Kaya. Indonesia Kaya. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Barendregt, Bart (2004). Schefold, Reimar; Nas, Peter J.M.; Domenig, Gaudenz (eds.). Architecture on the move: Processes of migration and mobility in the South Sumatran highlands - Indonesian Houses: Tradition and Transformation in Vernacular Architecture. Leiden Series on Indonesian Architecture. Vol. 1. Singapore: Singapore University Press. ISBN 9789971692926.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Sukanti; Zulbiati; Emawati (1993). Rumah Ulu Sumatera Selatan. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
External links
- Sukanti; Zulbiati; Emawati (1993). "Rumah Ulu Rumah Bernilai Estetis Pembentuk Keluarga Harmonis". Malaya Culture. Wordpress. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
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