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'''Milo of Trier''' (d. 762 or 763) was the son of [[Leudwinus|St. Leudwinus]] and his successor as [[Archbishop of Trier]] and [[Archbishop of Reims]].<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn">{{cite book |last=Hahn|first=Heinrich|title=Milo: General German Biography (Milo In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie) (ADB)|year=1885|publisher=Duncker & Humblot|location=Leipzig|pages=758}}</ref> His great-uncle Saint Basinus had preceded his father as [[Archbishop of Trier|Trier]].<ref name="Mettlach Parish Church">{{cite web |last=Junges|first=Reinhold|title=Mettlach Parish Church: St. Lutwinus Biography (Pfarrkirche St. Lutwinus Mettlach)|url=http://www.lutwinuswerk.de/pfarrkirche-1.html|work=The New Church Leader (Neuer Kirchenführer erschienen)|publisher=Verlag Schnell und Steiner Regensburg|accessdate=June 27, 2012}}</ref> He was the great-grandson of Saint Sigrada and [[Leodegar|Saint Leodegarius]] was his great uncle.
'''Milo of Trier''' (d. 762 or 763) was the son of [[Leudwinus|St. Leudwinus]] and his successor as [[Archbishop of Trier]] and [[Archbishop of Reims]]. His great-uncle Saint Basinus had preceded his father as [[Archbishop of Trier|Trier]]. He was the great-grandson of Saint Sigrada and [[Leodegar|Saint Leodegarius]] was his great uncle.


==Early life==
==Early life==
Milo was the son of the [[Leudwinus|Leudwinus of Trier]] and Willigard of Bavaria. He was born a nobleman and later styled Count of Trier.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /> His brother was Wido (Gui), [[Hornbach|Count of Hornbach]].<ref name="Mettlach Parish Church" /> [[Rotrude of Hesbaye]] was possibly his sister.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn"/> [[Lambert of Maastricht]] was a kinsman.
Milo was the son of the [[Leudwinus|Leudwinus of Trier]] and Willigard of Bavaria. He was born a nobleman and later styled Count of Trier.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn">{{cite book |last=Hahn|first=Heinrich|title=Milo: General German Biography (Milo In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie) (ADB)|year=1885|publisher=Duncker & Humblot|location=Leipzig|pages=758}}</ref> His brother was Wido (Gui), [[Hornbach|Count of Hornbach]].<ref name="Mettlach Parish Church">{{cite web |last=Junges|first=Reinhold|title=Mettlach Parish Church: St. Lutwinus Biography (Pfarrkirche St. Lutwinus Mettlach)|url=http://www.lutwinuswerk.de/pfarrkirche-1.html|work=The New Church Leader (Neuer Kirchenführer erschienen)|publisher=Verlag Schnell und Steiner Regensburg|accessdate=June 27, 2012}}</ref> [[Rotrude of Hesbaye]] was possibly his sister.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn"/> [[Lambert of Maastricht]] was a kinsman.


As was customary for Medieval noblemen, Milo received a monastic education. Prior to his ecclesiastical career, Milo also had a military career, something he had in common with his putative brother-in-law [[Charles Martel]].<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo">{{cite book |last=Zenz|first=Emil|title=The Lay Bishop Milo (Der Laienbischof Milo)|year=2004|publisher=Jahrbuch Ehranger Heimat|location=Trier-Ehrang|pages=92–94}}</ref> It is not clear whether Milo received anything more than a diaconal ordination.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2CQeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=Milo+(bishop+of+Trier)&source=bl&ots=zsG48DMued&sig=H62n7o3QbvV496JRgWIjbQQ2L74&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwit34CYn4fXAhWK2YMKHVbuCZcQ6AEIUjAL#v=onepage&q=Milo%20(bishop%20of%20Trier)&f=false Wansbrough OSB, Henry. "St. Boniface, Monk and Missioner", ''Prayer and Thought in Monastic Tradition: Essays in Honour of Benedicta Ward SLG'', (Santha Bhattacharji, Dominic Mattos, Rowan Williams, eds.), A&C Black, 2014, ISBN 9780567082954, p. 133]</ref>
As was customary for Medieval noblemen, Milo received a monastic education. Prior to his ecclesiastical career, Milo also had a military career, something he had in common with his putative brother-in-law [[Charles Martel]].<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo">{{cite book |last=Zenz|first=Emil|title=The Lay Bishop Milo (Der Laienbischof Milo)|year=2004|publisher=Jahrbuch Ehranger Heimat|location=Trier-Ehrang|pages=92–94}}</ref> It is not clear whether Milo received anything more than a diaconal ordination.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2CQeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=Milo+(bishop+of+Trier)&source=bl&ots=zsG48DMued&sig=H62n7o3QbvV496JRgWIjbQQ2L74&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwit34CYn4fXAhWK2YMKHVbuCZcQ6AEIUjAL#v=onepage&q=Milo%20(bishop%20of%20Trier)&f=false Wansbrough OSB, Henry. "St. Boniface, Monk and Missioner", ''Prayer and Thought in Monastic Tradition: Essays in Honour of Benedicta Ward SLG'', (Santha Bhattacharji, Dominic Mattos, Rowan Williams, eds.), A&C Black, 2014, ISBN 9780567082954, p. 133]</ref>


==Archbishop of Trier==
==Archbishop of Trier==
As the scion of one of the most powerful Frankish clans in [[Austrasia]], Milo's future seemed secure.<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /> He succeeded his father as [[Archbishop of Trier]] become the third generation of his family to hold this position.<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" />
As the scion of one of the most powerful Frankish clans in [[Austrasia]], Milo's future seemed secure. He succeeded his father as [[Archbishop of Trier]] becoming the third generation of his family to hold this position.<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" />


==Bishop of Reims==
==Bishop of Reims==
When Charles Martel drove [[Rigobert|Saint Rigobert]] from [[Reims]], Milo was appointed his successor. As bishop, Milo became a controversial figure for the Church. His avarice and fondness of earthly pleasures soon placed him in opposition with the church.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /> Milo did not lead a spiritual life and flagrantly ignored the [[Rule of Saint Benedict|Rules of Saint Benedict]] that governed his colleagues.<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /> [[Paul Fouracre]] says that [[Saint Boniface|Boniface]] considered Milo and bishops like him "warlike, adulterous, and prone to help themselves to church property".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UJrKcQoFri0C&pg=PA23&dq=Alpaida&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwilysKMs4jXAhWE8CYKHRlSCsw4ChDoAQgyMAI#v=onepage&q=Alpaida&f=false Fouracre, Paul. "Writings about Charles Martel", ''Law, Laity and Solidarities'', (Susan Reynolds, ed.), Manchester University Press, 2001, ISBN 9780719058363, p. 16]</ref>
When Charles Martel drove [[Rigobert|Saint Rigobert]] from [[Reims]], Milo was appointed his successor.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /><ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" />


Milo habitually used church property for his personal and political purposes, usually to indulge his illegitimate sons.<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /> He accumulated much of the riches of his dioceses and developed a reputation for corruption.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /> [[Pope Zachary]] counseled Boniface about dealing with disreputable prelates such as Milo. "As for Milo and his like, who are doing great injury to the church of God, preach in season and out of season, according to the word of the Apostle, that they cease from their evil ways."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2CQeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=Milo+(bishop+of+Trier)&source=bl&ots=zsG48DMued&sig=H62n7o3QbvV496JRgWIjbQQ2L74&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwit34CYn4fXAhWK2YMKHVbuCZcQ6AEIUjAL#v=onepage&q=Milo%20(bishop%20of%20Trier)&f=false Wansbrough OSB, Henry. "St. Boniface, Monk and Missioner", ''Prayer and Thought in Monastic Tradition: Essays in Honour of Benedicta Ward SLG'', (Santha Bhattacharji, Dominic Mattos, Rowan Williams, eds.), A&C Black, 2014, ISBN 9780567082954, p. 133]</ref>
As bishop, Milo became a controversial figure in the history of the Church.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /><ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /> His avarice and fondness of earthly pleasures soon placed him in opposition with the church.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /><ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" />

Milo did not lead a spiritual life and flagrantly ignored the [[Rule of Saint Benedict|Rules of Saint Benedict]] that governed his colleagues.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /><ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /> He habitually used church property for his personal and political purposes, usually to indulge his illegitimate sons.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /><ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /> He accumulated much of the riches of his dioceses and developed a reputation for corruption.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" />


Accounts of Milo's time as bishop are collected in the [[Gesta Treverorum]].
Accounts of Milo's time as bishop are collected in the [[Gesta Treverorum]].


==Deposition==
==Deposition==
Politically, Milo was a formidable opponent of [[St. Boniface]]'s reforms of the church in the eastern Frankish Empire.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /><ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /> However when Milo's own behavior invited the criticism of [[Pope Zachary]], Boniface seized the opportunity and began a campaign to have Milo replaced.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" />
Politically, Milo was a formidable opponent of Boniface's reforms of the church in the eastern Frankish Empire.<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /> However when Milo's own behavior invited the criticism of [[Pope Zachary]], Boniface seized the opportunity and began a campaign to have Milo replaced.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" />


In March 744, Boniface successfully pursued the [[Soissons|Synod of Soissons]] to remove Milo as Archbishop of Trier.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /> By that time, Milo's behavior had become so repugnant even his formidable political connections could not save him.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /> Though he put up a lengthy resistance, Milo was deposed as bishop and replaced by [[Abel of Reims|Abel]].
In March 744, Boniface successfully pursued the [[Soissons|Synod of Soissons]] to remove Milo as Archbishop of Trier. By that time, Milo's behavior had become so repugnant even his formidable political connections could not save him.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /> Though he put up a lengthy resistance, Milo was deposed as bishop and replaced by [[Abel of Reims|Abel]].


==Death==
==Death==
Milo was killed by a [[wild boar]] in a hunting accident in [[Meulenwald]] near [[Trier]] sometime between 753 and 758.<ref name="Milo: Biography, Hahn" /><ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /><ref name="Cross of Milo">{{cite book |last=Schuhn|first=Werner|title=The Cross of Milo: History, legend and tradition is a venerable cultural landmark(Das Milokreuz. Geschichte, Sage und Brauch um ein ehrwürdiges Kulturdenkmal)|year=1987|publisher=Jahrbuch Landkreis Trier-Saarburg|location=Trier (Trier)|ISSN= 0942-0835|pages=292–297}}</ref>
Milo was killed by a [[wild boar]] in a hunting accident in [[Meulenwald]] near [[Trier]] sometime between 753 and 758.<ref name="Cross of Milo">{{cite book |last=Schuhn|first=Werner|title=The Cross of Milo: History, legend and tradition is a venerable cultural landmark(Das Milokreuz. Geschichte, Sage und Brauch um ein ehrwürdiges Kulturdenkmal)|year=1987|publisher=Jahrbuch Landkreis Trier-Saarburg|location=Trier (Trier)|ISSN= 0942-0835|pages=292–297}}</ref>


Since the 4th century, it had been a tradition to bury the bishops of Trier in the crypt at St. Maximin's Abbey in Trier.<ref name="Cross of Milo" /><ref name="Mediaeval">{{cite journal |last=Sanderson|first=Warren|title=The Early Mediaeval Crypts of Saint Maximin at Trier|journal=The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians|date=December 1965|volume=24|issue=4|page=304|doi=10.2307/988315}}</ref> However, due to his controversial life, Milo was not given this honor and was instead buried near the scene of the accident where a memorial, The Cross of Milo, was erected.<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" /><ref name="Cross of Milo" />
Since the 4th century, it had been a tradition to bury the bishops of Trier in the crypt at St. Maximin's Abbey in Trier.<ref name="Mediaeval">{{cite journal |last=Sanderson|first=Warren|title=The Early Mediaeval Crypts of Saint Maximin at Trier|journal=The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians|date=December 1965|volume=24|issue=4|page=304|doi=10.2307/988315}}</ref> However, due to his controversial life, Milo was not given this honor and was instead buried near the scene of the accident where a memorial, The Cross of Milo, was erected.<ref name="Lay Bishop Milo" />


{{Portal|Biography|Middle Ages|Christianity}}
{{Portal|Biography|Middle Ages|Christianity}}

Revision as of 04:51, 24 October 2017

Milo

Archbishop of Trier
ChurchCatholic
ProvinceAustrasia
DioceseTrier, Rhineland-Palatinate, Austrasia (today Germany)

Reims, Rhineland-Palatinate, Austrasia (today France)
Appointed722
In office722
Quashed744
PredecessorSt. Leudwinus
SuccessorAbel
Opposed toSt. Boniface
Orders
OrdinationBenedictine
Personal details
Born
Milo of Trier

Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate, Austrasia (today Germany)
DiedMeulenwald, Rhineland-Palatinate, Austrasia (today Germany)
BuriedMeulenwald, Rhineland-Palatinate, Austrasia (today Germany)
NationalityFrankish
DenominationChalcedonian Christianity
ParentsSt. Leudwinus and Willigard of Bavaria

Milo of Trier (d. 762 or 763) was the son of St. Leudwinus and his successor as Archbishop of Trier and Archbishop of Reims. His great-uncle Saint Basinus had preceded his father as Trier. He was the great-grandson of Saint Sigrada and Saint Leodegarius was his great uncle.

Early life

Milo was the son of the Leudwinus of Trier and Willigard of Bavaria. He was born a nobleman and later styled Count of Trier.[1] His brother was Wido (Gui), Count of Hornbach.[2] Rotrude of Hesbaye was possibly his sister.[1] Lambert of Maastricht was a kinsman.

As was customary for Medieval noblemen, Milo received a monastic education. Prior to his ecclesiastical career, Milo also had a military career, something he had in common with his putative brother-in-law Charles Martel.[3] It is not clear whether Milo received anything more than a diaconal ordination.[4]

Archbishop of Trier

As the scion of one of the most powerful Frankish clans in Austrasia, Milo's future seemed secure. He succeeded his father as Archbishop of Trier becoming the third generation of his family to hold this position.[3]

Bishop of Reims

When Charles Martel drove Saint Rigobert from Reims, Milo was appointed his successor. As bishop, Milo became a controversial figure for the Church. His avarice and fondness of earthly pleasures soon placed him in opposition with the church.[1] Milo did not lead a spiritual life and flagrantly ignored the Rules of Saint Benedict that governed his colleagues.[3] Paul Fouracre says that Boniface considered Milo and bishops like him "warlike, adulterous, and prone to help themselves to church property".[5]

Milo habitually used church property for his personal and political purposes, usually to indulge his illegitimate sons.[3] He accumulated much of the riches of his dioceses and developed a reputation for corruption.[1] Pope Zachary counseled Boniface about dealing with disreputable prelates such as Milo. "As for Milo and his like, who are doing great injury to the church of God, preach in season and out of season, according to the word of the Apostle, that they cease from their evil ways."[6]

Accounts of Milo's time as bishop are collected in the Gesta Treverorum.

Deposition

Politically, Milo was a formidable opponent of Boniface's reforms of the church in the eastern Frankish Empire.[3] However when Milo's own behavior invited the criticism of Pope Zachary, Boniface seized the opportunity and began a campaign to have Milo replaced.[1]

In March 744, Boniface successfully pursued the Synod of Soissons to remove Milo as Archbishop of Trier. By that time, Milo's behavior had become so repugnant even his formidable political connections could not save him.[1] Though he put up a lengthy resistance, Milo was deposed as bishop and replaced by Abel.

Death

Milo was killed by a wild boar in a hunting accident in Meulenwald near Trier sometime between 753 and 758.[7]

Since the 4th century, it had been a tradition to bury the bishops of Trier in the crypt at St. Maximin's Abbey in Trier.[8] However, due to his controversial life, Milo was not given this honor and was instead buried near the scene of the accident where a memorial, The Cross of Milo, was erected.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f Hahn, Heinrich (1885). Milo: General German Biography (Milo In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie) (ADB). Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. p. 758.
  2. ^ Junges, Reinhold. "Mettlach Parish Church: St. Lutwinus Biography (Pfarrkirche St. Lutwinus Mettlach)". The New Church Leader (Neuer Kirchenführer erschienen). Verlag Schnell und Steiner Regensburg. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Zenz, Emil (2004). The Lay Bishop Milo (Der Laienbischof Milo). Trier-Ehrang: Jahrbuch Ehranger Heimat. pp. 92–94.
  4. ^ Wansbrough OSB, Henry. "St. Boniface, Monk and Missioner", Prayer and Thought in Monastic Tradition: Essays in Honour of Benedicta Ward SLG, (Santha Bhattacharji, Dominic Mattos, Rowan Williams, eds.), A&C Black, 2014, ISBN 9780567082954, p. 133
  5. ^ Fouracre, Paul. "Writings about Charles Martel", Law, Laity and Solidarities, (Susan Reynolds, ed.), Manchester University Press, 2001, ISBN 9780719058363, p. 16
  6. ^ Wansbrough OSB, Henry. "St. Boniface, Monk and Missioner", Prayer and Thought in Monastic Tradition: Essays in Honour of Benedicta Ward SLG, (Santha Bhattacharji, Dominic Mattos, Rowan Williams, eds.), A&C Black, 2014, ISBN 9780567082954, p. 133
  7. ^ Schuhn, Werner (1987). The Cross of Milo: History, legend and tradition is a venerable cultural landmark(Das Milokreuz. Geschichte, Sage und Brauch um ein ehrwürdiges Kulturdenkmal). Trier (Trier): Jahrbuch Landkreis Trier-Saarburg. pp. 292–297. ISSN 0942-0835.
  8. ^ Sanderson, Warren (December 1965). "The Early Mediaeval Crypts of Saint Maximin at Trier". The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 24 (4): 304. doi:10.2307/988315.
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Archibishop of Trier
c. 722–762/3? 		Succeeded by
Wiomad
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bishop of Reims
c. 722–762/3? 		Succeeded by

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