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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}{{Infobox Prime Minister | name =Salchak Kalbakkhorekovich Toka <br> ({{Lang-ru|Салчак Калбакхорекович Тока}})
{{Unreferenced|date=February 2007}}
{{Infobox Prime Minister | name =Salchak Kalbakkhorekovich Toka <br> ({{Lang-ru|Салчак Калбакхорекович Тока}})
| nationality =Tuvan
| nationality =Tuvan
| image = Salchak-Toka.jpg
| image = Salchak-Toka.jpg
| birth_date ={{Birth date|1901|12|15|mf=y}}
| birth_date ={{Birth date|1901|12|15|df=y}}
| birth_place =Mergen Lamaiin Hiid, Mongolia
| birth_place =Mergen Lamaiin Hiid, Mongolia
| death_date ={{Death date and age|1973|5|11|1901|12|15|mf=y}}
| death_date ={{Death date and age|1973|5|11|1901|12|15|df=y}}
| death_place =[[Kyzyl]], [[Tuva ASSR]]
| death_place =[[Kyzyl]], [[Tuva ASSR]]
| party =[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]]
| party =[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]]
| spouse =
| spouse =
| order =Second Prime Minister of [[Tannu Tuva]]
| order =Second Prime Minister of [[Tannu Tuva]]
| term_start =March 6, 1932
| term_start =6 March 1932
| term_end =October 30, 1944
| term_end =30 October 1944
| predecessor =[[Donduk Kuular]]
| predecessor =[[Donduk Kuular]]
| successor =none (State annexed by the [[Soviet Union]])
| successor =none (State annexed by the [[Soviet Union]])
| order2=General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
| order2=General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
| term_start2=November 1, 1944
| term_start2=1 November 1944
| term_end2=May 11, 1973
| term_end2=11 May 1973
| predecessor2=
| predecessor2=
| successor2=
| successor2=
|}}
|}}


'''Salchak Kalbakkhorekovich Toka''' ({{lang-ru|Салчак Калбакхорекович Тока}}, {{OldStyleDate|December 15|1901|December 2}} – May 11, 1973) was a [[Tuva]]n [[politician]]. He was for many years the communist ruler of Tuva, and as well the Second Prime Minister of the [[Tuvan People's Republic]].
'''Salchak Kalbakkhorekovich Toka''' ({{lang-ru|Салчак Калбакхорекович Тока}}, {{OldStyleDate|15 December|1901|2 December}} – 11 May 1973) was a [[Tuva]]n politician. He was General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the [[CPSU]] from 1944 to 1973; previously, he was the Second Prime Minister of the [[Tuvan People's Republic]] from 1932 until its unification with the Soviet Union in 1944.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XPfcfF8LRWQC&pg=PA337&dq=Salchak+Toka&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiC9srqwN7WAhVMYVAKHW1ICSgQ6AEIWTAJ#v=onepage&q=Salchak%20Toka&f=false|title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period : from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century|last=Adle|first=Chahryar|date=2005-01-01|publisher=UNESCO|year=|isbn=9789231039850|location=|pages=337|language=en}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Salchak Toka was a member of the [[Communist University of the Toilers of the East]] ({{lang-ru|Коммунистический университет трудящихся Востока}}, ''Kommunističeskij universitet trudjaçichśa Vostoka'') in Moscow and Kyzyl. In 1929 the current head of state [[Donduk Kuular]] was removed from power and arrested by the Soviets. Meanwhile, five Tuvan graduates of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East were appointed commissars extraordinary to Tuva. Their loyalty to Stalin ensured that they would pursue policies, such as collectivization, that Donduk had ignored. A [[1929 Tuvan coup d'état|coup]] was launched in 1929. On March 6, 1932 Salchak Toka replaced Donduk as General Secretary of the [[Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party]].
Salchak Toka was a member of the [[Communist University of the Toilers of the East]] ({{lang-ru|Коммунистический университет трудящихся Востока}}, ''Kommunističeskij universitet trudjaçichśa Vostoka'') in Moscow and Kyzyl. In 1929 the current head of state [[Donduk Kuular]] was removed from power and arrested by the Soviets. Meanwhile, five Tuvan graduates of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East were appointed commissars extraordinary to Tuva. Their loyalty to Stalin ensured that they would pursue policies, such as collectivization, that Donduk had ignored. A [[1929 Tuvan coup d'état|coup]] was launched in 1929. On 6 March 1932, Salchak Toka replaced Donduk as General Secretary of the [[Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party]].


Salchak Toka established close contacts with [[Joseph Stalin]]. After the execution of Donduk Kuular in 1932, Salchak Toka became absolute ruler of Tannu Tuva. He introduced a communist ideology after the Soviet model, the nomad agriculture was collectivized and the traditional religions (Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism) was suppressed. He introduced a bizarre personal cult around himself, and was awarded numerous of Soviet prizes for his literary works.
Salchak Toka established close contacts with [[Joseph Stalin]]. After the execution of Donduk Kuular in 1932, Salchak Toka became the ruler of Tannu Tuva. He introduced a communist ideology after the Soviet model, the nomad agriculture was collectivised and the traditional religions (Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism) were suppressed. A personal cult developed around him, and he was awarded numerous of Soviet prizes for his literary works.


In 1940 he married [[Khertek Anchimaa-Toka|Khertek Anchimaa]], who was Chairwoman of the [[Little Khural]]. In 1944 he requested that Tannu Tuva should be annexed by the Soviet Union. The event took place on October 30, 1944 de jure via [[Mikhail Kalinin]]. [[Tuva]] was initially an [[Tuvan Autonomous Oblast|autonomous oblast]] of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (RSFSR) and starting from October 10, 1961 as the [[Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (Tuva ASSR). Salchak Toka remained up to his death in 1973 the General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]].
In 1940 he married [[Khertek Anchimaa-Toka|Khertek Anchimaa]], who was Chairwoman of the [[Little Khural]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BIw5alqGQ4wC&pg=PA158&dq=Salchak+Toka&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiC9srqwN7WAhVMYVAKHW1ICSgQ6AEITTAH#v=onepage&q=Salchak%20Toka&f=false|title=Women Leaders of Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Pacific: A Biographical Reference|last=Jackson|first=Guida M.|date=2009-08-20|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|year=|isbn=9781469113531|location=|pages=158|language=en}}</ref> In 1944 he requested that Tannu Tuva should be annexed by the Soviet Union. The event took place on 30 October 1944 de jure via [[Mikhail Kalinin]]. [[Tuva]] was initially an [[Tuvan Autonomous Oblast|autonomous oblast]] of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (RSFSR) and starting from 10 October 1961 as the [[Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (Tuva ASSR). Salchak Toka remained up to his death in 1973 the General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]].


== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Toka, Salchak}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Toka, Salchak}}

Revision as of 12:45, 7 October 2017

Salchak Kalbakkhorekovich Toka
(Russian: Салчак Калбакхорекович Тока)
Second Prime Minister of Tannu Tuva
In office
6 March 1932 – 30 October 1944
Preceded byDonduk Kuular
Succeeded bynone (State annexed by the Soviet Union)
General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
In office
1 November 1944 – 11 May 1973
Personal details
Born(1901-12-15)15 December 1901
Mergen Lamaiin Hiid, Mongolia
Died11 May 1973(1973-05-11) (aged 71)
Kyzyl, Tuva ASSR
NationalityTuvan
Political partyCPSU

Salchak Kalbakkhorekovich Toka (Russian: Салчак Калбакхорекович Тока, 15 December [O.S. 2 December] 1901 – 11 May 1973) was a Tuvan politician. He was General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the CPSU from 1944 to 1973; previously, he was the Second Prime Minister of the Tuvan People's Republic from 1932 until its unification with the Soviet Union in 1944.[1]

Biography

Salchak Toka was a member of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East (Russian: Коммунистический университет трудящихся Востока, Kommunističeskij universitet trudjaçichśa Vostoka) in Moscow and Kyzyl. In 1929 the current head of state Donduk Kuular was removed from power and arrested by the Soviets. Meanwhile, five Tuvan graduates of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East were appointed commissars extraordinary to Tuva. Their loyalty to Stalin ensured that they would pursue policies, such as collectivization, that Donduk had ignored. A coup was launched in 1929. On 6 March 1932, Salchak Toka replaced Donduk as General Secretary of the Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party.

Salchak Toka established close contacts with Joseph Stalin. After the execution of Donduk Kuular in 1932, Salchak Toka became the ruler of Tannu Tuva. He introduced a communist ideology after the Soviet model, the nomad agriculture was collectivised and the traditional religions (Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism) were suppressed. A personal cult developed around him, and he was awarded numerous of Soviet prizes for his literary works.

In 1940 he married Khertek Anchimaa, who was Chairwoman of the Little Khural.[2] In 1944 he requested that Tannu Tuva should be annexed by the Soviet Union. The event took place on 30 October 1944 de jure via Mikhail Kalinin. Tuva was initially an autonomous oblast of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and starting from 10 October 1961 as the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tuva ASSR). Salchak Toka remained up to his death in 1973 the General Secretary of the Tuvinian department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

References

  1. ^ Adle, Chahryar (1 January 2005). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period : from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century. UNESCO. p. 337. ISBN 9789231039850.
  2. ^ Jackson, Guida M. (20 August 2009). Women Leaders of Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Pacific: A Biographical Reference. Xlibris Corporation. p. 158. ISBN 9781469113531.