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* "Tekoa", a small town of Judah, six miles southeast from [[Bethlehem]], and twelve from Jerusalem, on the borders of the great desert ({{bibleref2|2 Chronicles|20:20}}; compare {{bibleref2|2 Chronicles|11:6}}). The region being sandy was more fit for pastoral than for agricultural purposes.<ref name=jfb/> Maundrell says<ref>Maundrell. Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 88.</ref> it is nine miles distant, to the south of it; and, according to Jerome,<ref>Jerome. Proem. in Amos & Comment. in Jer. vi. 1.</ref> it was twelve miles from Jerusalem; though he elsewhere says,<ref>Jerome. De locis Hebr. in voce Elthei, fol. 91. B. </ref> "Thecua", or Tekoa, is a village at this day, nine miles from Aelia or Jerusalem, of which place was Amos the prophet, and where his sepulchre is seen: either there is a mistake of the number, or of Aelia for Bethlehem; the former rather seems to be the case; according to Josephus,<ref>[[Flavius Josephus]]. De Bello Jud. l. 4. c. 9. sect. 5.</ref> it was not far from the castle of Herodium.<ref name=gill>John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.{{PD-notice}}</ref> |
* "Tekoa", a small town of Judah, six miles southeast from [[Bethlehem]], and twelve from Jerusalem, on the borders of the great desert ({{bibleref2|2 Chronicles|20:20}}; compare {{bibleref2|2 Chronicles|11:6}}). The region being sandy was more fit for pastoral than for agricultural purposes.<ref name=jfb/> Maundrell says<ref>Maundrell. Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 88.</ref> it is nine miles distant, to the south of it; and, according to Jerome,<ref>Jerome. Proem. in Amos & Comment. in Jer. vi. 1.</ref> it was twelve miles from Jerusalem; though he elsewhere says,<ref>Jerome. De locis Hebr. in voce Elthei, fol. 91. B. </ref> "Thecua", or Tekoa, is a village at this day, nine miles from Aelia or Jerusalem, of which place was Amos the prophet, and where his sepulchre is seen: either there is a mistake of the number, or of Aelia for Bethlehem; the former rather seems to be the case; according to Josephus,<ref>[[Flavius Josephus]]. De Bello Jud. l. 4. c. 9. sect. 5.</ref> it was not far from the castle of Herodium.<ref name=gill>John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763.{{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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* "Two years before the earthquake": which was well known in those times, and fresh in memory. Zechariah speaks of it many years after, from whom we learn it was in the days of Uzziah, [[Zechariah 14#Verse 5|Zechariah 14:5]]. The Jewish writers generally say that it was when Uzziah was smote with leprosy for invading the priest's office; and was in the year in which he died, when Isaiah had a vision of the glory of the Lord, and the posts of the house moved, [[Isaiah 6#Verse 1|Isaiah 6:1]]; and with whom Josephus<ref>Flavius Josephus. Antiqu. l. 9. c. 10. sect. 4.</ref> agrees; who also relates, that "the temple being rent by the earthquake, the bright light of the sun shone upon the king's face, and the leprosy immediately seized him; and, at a place before the city called Eroge, half part of a mountain towards the west was broken and rolled half a mile towards the eastern part, and there stood, and stopped up the ways, and the king's gardens"; but this cannot be true, as Theodoret observes; since, according to this account, Amos must begin to prophesy in the fiftieth year of Uzziah; for he reigned fifty two years, and he began his reign in the twenty seventh year of Jeroboam, {{bibleref2|2 Kings|15:1}}; who reigned forty one years, {{bibleref2|2 Kings|14:23}}; so that Uzziah and he were contemporary fourteen years only, and Jeroboam must have been dead thirty six years when it was the fiftieth of Uzziah; whereas they are here represented as contemporary when Amos began to prophesy, which was but two years before the earthquake; so that this earthquake must be in the former and not the latter part of Uzziah's reign, and consequently not when he was stricken with the leprosy.<ref name=gill/> |
* "Two years before the earthquake": which was well known in those times, and fresh in memory. Zechariah speaks of it many years after, from whom we learn it was in the days of Uzziah, [[Zechariah 14#Verse 5|Zechariah 14:5]]. The Jewish writers generally say that it was when Uzziah was smote with leprosy for invading the priest's office; and was in the year in which he died, when Isaiah had a vision of the glory of the Lord, and the posts of the house moved, [[Isaiah 6#Verse 1|Isaiah 6:1]]; and with whom Josephus<ref>Flavius Josephus. Antiqu. l. 9. c. 10. sect. 4.</ref> agrees; who also relates, that "the temple being rent by the earthquake, the bright light of the sun shone upon the king's face, and the leprosy immediately seized him; and, at a place before the city called Eroge, half part of a mountain towards the west was broken and rolled half a mile towards the eastern part, and there stood, and stopped up the ways, and the king's gardens"; but this cannot be true, as Theodoret observes; since, according to this account, Amos must begin to prophesy in the fiftieth year of Uzziah; for he reigned fifty two years, and he began his reign in the twenty seventh year of Jeroboam, {{bibleref2|2 Kings|15:1}}; who reigned forty one years, {{bibleref2|2 Kings|14:23}}; so that Uzziah and he were contemporary fourteen years only, and Jeroboam must have been dead thirty six years when it was the fiftieth of Uzziah; whereas they are here represented as contemporary when Amos began to prophesy, which was but two years before the earthquake; so that this earthquake must be in the former and not the latter part of Uzziah's reign, and consequently not when he was stricken with the leprosy.<ref name=gill/> |
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== Eighth century earthquake == |
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Widely separated archaeological excavations in the countries of Israel and Jordan contain late Iron Age (Iron IIb) architecture bearing damage from a great earthquake. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 15:22, 29 January 2017
| Amos 1 | |
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← Joel 3 Obadiah → | |
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| Book | Book of Amos |
| Category | Nevi'im |
| Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 30 |
Amos 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Amos in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This book contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet Amos, and is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[3][4]
Text
- The original text is written in Hebrew language.
- This chapter is divided into 15 verses.
Textual versions
Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:
- Masoretic Text (10th century)
- Dead Sea Scrolls: (2nd century BC)[5][6]
- 4Q82 (4QXIIg): extant: verses 3‑7, 9‑15[5]
- 5Q4 (5QAmos): extant: verses 2‑5[5]
- Wadi Murabba'at (MurXII): extant: verses 5‑15[5]
Ancient translations in Koine Greek:
- Septuagint (3rd century BC)
- Theodotion version (~AD 180)
Structure
This chapter can be grouped into:
- Amos 1:1–2 = Title
- Amos 1:3–5 = Judgment on Damascus
- Amos 1:6–8 = Judgment on Gaza
- Amos 1:9–10 = Judgment on Tyre
- Amos 1:11–12 = Judgment on Edom
- Amos 1:13–15 = Judgment on Ammon
Verse 1
- The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa,
- which he saw concerning Israel
- in the days of Uzziah king of Judah,
- and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel,
- two years before the earthquake.[7]
- "The words": So Jeremiah begins his prophecy (Jeremiah 1:1), and the writer of Ecclesiastes (Ecclesiastes 1:1). That the words am not those of Amos, but of Jehovah, is shown by the succeeding clause, "which he saw."[8]
- "Amos" (meaning in Hebrew "a burden") was a shepherd of Tekoa, a small town of Judah, a region more fit for pastoral than for agricultural purposes. Amos therefore owned and tended flocks, and collected sycamore figs; not that the former was a menial office, kings themselves, as Mesha of Moab (2 Kings 3:4), exercising it. Amos, however (from Amos 7:14, 15), seems to have been of humble rank.[9]
- "Herdmen": The Hebrew word noked used here is found in 2 Kings 3:4, applied to Mesha King of Moab, a great "sheepmaster;" hence some have considered that Amos was not a mere mercenary, but a rich possessor of flocks. His own words, however (Amos 7:14, 15), decide his position as that of a poor labouring man.[8]
- "Saw concerning Israel" or rather "upon Israel": heavy words coming upon the heavy transgressions of Israel. The Hebrew word "saw" is not of mere sight, but of a vision given by God. Amos only says that they were "his" words, in order immediately to add, that they came to him from God, that he himself was but the human organ through which God spake.[10]
- "Tekoa", a small town of Judah, six miles southeast from Bethlehem, and twelve from Jerusalem, on the borders of the great desert (2 Chronicles 20:20; compare 2 Chronicles 11:6). The region being sandy was more fit for pastoral than for agricultural purposes.[9] Maundrell says[11] it is nine miles distant, to the south of it; and, according to Jerome,[12] it was twelve miles from Jerusalem; though he elsewhere says,[13] "Thecua", or Tekoa, is a village at this day, nine miles from Aelia or Jerusalem, of which place was Amos the prophet, and where his sepulchre is seen: either there is a mistake of the number, or of Aelia for Bethlehem; the former rather seems to be the case; according to Josephus,[14] it was not far from the castle of Herodium.[15]
- "Two years before the earthquake": which was well known in those times, and fresh in memory. Zechariah speaks of it many years after, from whom we learn it was in the days of Uzziah, Zechariah 14:5. The Jewish writers generally say that it was when Uzziah was smote with leprosy for invading the priest's office; and was in the year in which he died, when Isaiah had a vision of the glory of the Lord, and the posts of the house moved, Isaiah 6:1; and with whom Josephus[16] agrees; who also relates, that "the temple being rent by the earthquake, the bright light of the sun shone upon the king's face, and the leprosy immediately seized him; and, at a place before the city called Eroge, half part of a mountain towards the west was broken and rolled half a mile towards the eastern part, and there stood, and stopped up the ways, and the king's gardens"; but this cannot be true, as Theodoret observes; since, according to this account, Amos must begin to prophesy in the fiftieth year of Uzziah; for he reigned fifty two years, and he began his reign in the twenty seventh year of Jeroboam, 2 Kings 15:1; who reigned forty one years, 2 Kings 14:23; so that Uzziah and he were contemporary fourteen years only, and Jeroboam must have been dead thirty six years when it was the fiftieth of Uzziah; whereas they are here represented as contemporary when Amos began to prophesy, which was but two years before the earthquake; so that this earthquake must be in the former and not the latter part of Uzziah's reign, and consequently not when he was stricken with the leprosy.[15]
Eighth century earthquake
Widely separated archaeological excavations in the countries of Israel and Jordan contain late Iron Age (Iron IIb) architecture bearing damage from a great earthquake.
See also
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- Related Bible parts: Amos 2, Amos 7, Zechariah 14
Notes and references
- ^ Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.
- ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
- ^ J. D. Davis. 1960. A Dictionary of The Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House.
- ^ Therodore Hiebert, et.al. 1996. The New Intrepreter's Bible: Volume: VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
- ^ a b c d Dead sea scrolls - Amos
- ^ Timothy A. J. Jull; Douglas J. Donahue; Magen Broshi; Emanuel Tov (1995). "Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert". Radiocarbon. 38 (1): 14. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ^ Amos 1:4
- ^ a b Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Maundrell. Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem, p. 88.
- ^ Jerome. Proem. in Amos & Comment. in Jer. vi. 1.
- ^ Jerome. De locis Hebr. in voce Elthei, fol. 91. B.
- ^ Flavius Josephus. De Bello Jud. l. 4. c. 9. sect. 5.
- ^ a b John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Flavius Josephus. Antiqu. l. 9. c. 10. sect. 4.
