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: '' And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Armenia: and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Isaiah|37:38|KJV}}</ref>
: '' And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Armenia: and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Isaiah|37:38|KJV}}</ref>
* Sennacherib lived, according to Assyrian inscriptions, more than twenty years after his invasion; but as Isaiah survived Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 32:32), who lived upwards of fifteen years after the invasion (Isa 38:5), the record of Sennacherib's death in this verse is no objection to this section having come from Isaiah.<ref name=jfb>[[Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary]]</ref>
* Sennacherib lived, according to Assyrian inscriptions, more than twenty years after his invasion; but as Isaiah survived Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 32:32), who lived upwards of fifteen years after the invasion (Isa 38:5), the record of Sennacherib's death in this verse is no objection to this section having come from Isaiah.<ref name=jfb>[[Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary]]</ref>
* "Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons": What was the cause of this rebellion and parricide is unknown. These two sons subsequently became, in [[Armenia]], the heads of two celebrated families there, the Arzerunii, and the Genunii (see Jos. Ant. x. 1, 5, note).<ref name=barnes/>
* "Into the land of Armenia": Hebrew, as Margin, 'Ararat.' The Chaldee renders this, 'The land of קרדוּ qaredû, that is, Kardi-anum, or, the mountains of the Kurds. The modern Kurdistan includes a considerable part of the ancient Assyria and Media, together with a large portion of Armenia.<ref name=barnes/>
* "[[Esarhaddon]]": In Ezra 4:2 he is mentioned as having brought colonists into Samaria. He is also thought to have been the king who carried Manasseh captive to Babylon (2Ch 33:11). He built the palace on the mound Nebbiyunus, and that called the southwest palace of Nimroud. The latter was destroyed by fire, but his name and wars are recorded on the great bulls taken from the building. He obtained his building materials from the northwest palaces of the ancient dynasty, ending in Pul.<ref name=jfb/>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 20:01, 23 December 2016

Isaiah 37
The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
BookBook of Isaiah
CategoryNevi'im
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part23

Isaiah 37 is the thirty-seventh chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This book contains the prophecies spoken by the prophet Isaiah, and is a part of the Book of the Prophets.[3][4]

Text

  • The original text is written in Hebrew language.
  • This chapter is divided into 38 verses.
  • Chapter 36 through chapter 39 form the historical appendix closing the first division of Isaiah's prophecies, and were added to make the parts of these referring to Assyria more intelligible, so Jeremiah 52:1-34; compare 2 Kings 25:1-30. The section occurs almost word for word (2 Kings 18:13, 17-20; 19:1-37); 2 Kings 18:14-16, however, is additional matter. Hezekiah's "writing" also is in Isaiah, not in Kings (Isaiah 38:9-20). It is known from 2 Chronicles 32:32 that Isaiah wrote the acts of Hezekiah. It is, therefore, probable, that his record here (Isaiah 36:1-39:8) was incorporated into the Book of Kings by its compiler.[5]

Textual versions

Lachish Relief, British Museum.

Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:

Ancient translations in Koine Greek:

Structure

This chapter can be grouped into:

Verse 36

Then the angel of the Lord went forth, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians a hundred and fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses.[8]
  • "Then the angel of the Lord went forth": This verse contains the record of one of the most remarkable events which have occurred in history. Many attempts have been made to explain the occurrence which is here recorded, and to trace the agencies or means which God employed. It may be observed that the use of the word 'angel' here does not determine the manner in which it was done. So far as the word is concerned, it might have been accomplished either by the power of an invisible messenger of God - a spiritual being commissioned for this purpose; or it might have been by some second causes under the direction of an angel - as the pestilence, or a storm and tempest; or it might have been by some agents sent by God whatever they were - the storm, the pestilence, or the simoom, to which the name angel might have been applied. The word 'angel' (מלאך mal'âk) from לאך lâ'ak to send) means properly one sent, a messenger, from a private person Job 1:14; from a king 1 Samuel 16:19; 1 Samuel 19:11, 1 Samuel 19:14, 1 Samuel 19:20.[9] This was the same night, either in which the Assyrian army sat down before Jerusalem, as say the Babylonian Talmud;[10] or, however the same night in which the message was sent to Hezekiah; see 2 Kings 19:35. Josephus says they were smitten with a pestilential disease;[11] but other Jewish writers say it was by fire from heaven, which took away their lives, but did not consume their bodies, nor burn their clothes; but, be that as it will, destroyed they were.[12]
  • "a hundred and fourscore and five thousand" (185,000): The nature of the destruction is not, perhaps, very important, if it be allowed to have been supernatural; but the "simoom" of Prideaux and Milman, the "storm" of Vitringa and Stanley, the "nocturnal attack by Tirhakah" of Usher, Preiss, and Michaelis, and the "pestilence" of most other commentators, seem to be alike precluded by the terms of the narrative, which imply the silent death in one night of a hundred and eighty-five thousand persons by what English juries call "the visitation of God." The nearest parallel which Holy Scripture offers is the destruction of the firstborn in Egypt; but that was not, as this, without disturbance (see Exodus 12:30). There a "great cry" broke the silence of the night; here it was not till morning, when men woke from their peaceful slumbers, that the discovery was made that "they were all dead corpses."[13]

Verse 38

And it came to pass, as he was worshipping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons smote him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Armenia: and Esarhaddon his son reigned in his stead.[14]
  • Sennacherib lived, according to Assyrian inscriptions, more than twenty years after his invasion; but as Isaiah survived Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 32:32), who lived upwards of fifteen years after the invasion (Isa 38:5), the record of Sennacherib's death in this verse is no objection to this section having come from Isaiah.[5]
  • "Adrammelech and Sharezer his sons": What was the cause of this rebellion and parricide is unknown. These two sons subsequently became, in Armenia, the heads of two celebrated families there, the Arzerunii, and the Genunii (see Jos. Ant. x. 1, 5, note).[9]
  • "Into the land of Armenia": Hebrew, as Margin, 'Ararat.' The Chaldee renders this, 'The land of קרדוּ qaredû, that is, Kardi-anum, or, the mountains of the Kurds. The modern Kurdistan includes a considerable part of the ancient Assyria and Media, together with a large portion of Armenia.[9]
  • "Esarhaddon": In Ezra 4:2 he is mentioned as having brought colonists into Samaria. He is also thought to have been the king who carried Manasseh captive to Babylon (2Ch 33:11). He built the palace on the mound Nebbiyunus, and that called the southwest palace of Nimroud. The latter was destroyed by fire, but his name and wars are recorded on the great bulls taken from the building. He obtained his building materials from the northwest palaces of the ancient dynasty, ending in Pul.[5]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.
  2. ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  3. ^ J. D. Davis. 1960. A Dictionary of The Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House.
  4. ^ Therodore Hiebert, et.al. 1996. The New Intrepreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
  5. ^ a b c Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
  6. ^ a b c d Dead sea scrolls - Isaiah
  7. ^ Timothy A. J. Jull; Douglas J. Donahue; Magen Broshi; Emanuel Toy (1995). "Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert". Radiocarbon. 37 (1): 14. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  8. ^ Isaiah 37:36
  9. ^ a b c Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.
  10. ^ T. Bab. Sanhedrin: fol. 95. 1.
  11. ^ Antiqu. l. 10. c. 1. sect. 5.
  12. ^ Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
  13. ^ Pulpit Commentary
  14. ^ Isaiah 37:38

Jewish

Christian

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